scholarly journals Etude de la variabilité saisonnière des précipitations sur le plateau de Mbé au Pool-Nord (Congo-Brazzaville) : impacts sur les eaux de surface et souterraines

2021 ◽  
Vol 384 ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
Harmel Obami-Ondon ◽  
Médard Ngouala Mabonzo ◽  
Urbain Gampio Mbilou ◽  
Bernard Mabiala
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Congo Brazzaville ◽  
Water Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Abnormal Temperature

Abstract. Cette étude porte sur l'impact de la variabilité saisonnière des précipitations sur les eaux du Plateau de Mbé. 120 échantillons d'eau ont été prélevés dans huit (08) points d'eau (1 puits, 4 forages et 3 rivières) entre novembre 2017 et août 2018. L'analysés au laboratoire de ces échantillons, permettent de caractériser les éléments physico-chimiques des eaux. Ces résultats sont traités à partir d'une méthode hydrochimie, en utilisant les diagrammes  : de Piper, de Schoeller Berkaloff, de Stiff, et de Wilcox. Les données traitées montrent que les valeurs obtenues après les analyses des eaux des saisons ne présentent pas une variation considérable et sont toutes conformes aux normes prescrites par l'OMS pour l'eau de boisson, en dehors de la température qui est légèrement supérieure à la normale avec une moyenne de 27 ∘C. Le pH a une moyenne de 5.0; ce qui confirme le caractère acide des eaux dans toute cette zone d'étude. Abstract. This study examines the impact of seasonal rainfall variability on the Mbé Plateau waters. 120 water samples were taken from eight (08) water points (1 well, 4 boreholes and 3 rivers) between November 2017 and August 2018, analyzed in the laboratory, to characterize the physicochemical elements of the water. These results are processed from a hydrochemical method, using the diagrams : of Piper, Schoeller Berkaloff, Stiff, Wilcox. They show that the water values analyzed between the 4 seasons do not vary considerably and all comply with the standards prescribed by the WHO for drinking water, except for the abnormal temperature with an average of 27 ∘C and average pH of 5.0 which confirms the acidity of the waters throughout this study area.

Assessment of peroral intake of nitrates with drinking water for different sections of the population of Zhytomyr region

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
R.A. Valerko ◽  
◽  
L.O. Herasymchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Impact

Objective: We assessed the degree of risk to the health of the rural population of different ages with constant peroral intake of nitrates with drinking water. Materials and methods: The study was conducted within the rural residential areas of Zhytomyr region and it is a part of the research "Ecological and social assessment of the state of rural residential areas in the context of sustainable development." Drinking water samples were taken from public and private sources of decentralized water supply: wells, bore-wells and natural sources. A total 549 water samples were taken. In the study, we used general scientific methods: analytical, field, laboratory and statistical ones. Results: Among the studied areas, the largest excess of the average content of nitrates was recorded in drinking water of rural settlements of Berdychiv district. The risk assessment showed that the children aged 0-10 years were the most sensitive population to nitrates, and the women were more vulnerable to nitrates than the men among the adult population. The significant correlations between an excess of nitrate content in drinking water and cancer among adults and children in Berdychiv district have been proven. Conclusions: It has been proven that with a constant oral intake of nitrates with drinking water, harmful effects on the health of the rural population are observed, which, according to their sensitivity to their action, were distributed as follows: children 0-10 years old> adult women> adult men> adolescents.Taking into account the results obtained, it is necessary to monitor constantly the quality of drinking water sources of decentralized water supply in rural areas and to inform the rural population about water quality and the impact of its impurities on human health.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND ITS INFLUENCES ON SEASONAL RAINFALL PATTERNS ON THE BATEKE PLATEAUS IN THE REPUBLIC OF CONGO-BRAZZAVILLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 327-337
Author(s):  
Harmel Obami-Ondon ◽  
◽  
Medard Ngouala Mabonzo ◽  
Ngoma Mvoundou Christian ◽  
Bernard Mabiala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Republic Of Congo ◽  
Rainfall Patterns ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Congo Brazzaville ◽  
The Impact

Climate variability, in Africa in general and in the Republic of Congo-Brazzaville in particular, has been widely documented over the past 20 years. However, variables related to rainfall, such as the nine-month rainy seasons, have been very little studied in the Bateke Plateaux zone, which play a major role in regional hydrology. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of climatic events on seasonal rainfall patterns on the Plateaux Bateke. On the one hand, it involves monitoring the evolution of climatic parameters through the analysis of temperature, relative humidity and rainfall variation. On the other hand, it was a question of comparing the monthly rainfall normals over the period 1987-2016 in order to determine the behaviour of seasonal rainfall patterns in the context of climate variability. The principal component analysis, based on nine (09) variables, highlighted the impact of climate variability on seasonal rainfall patterns. The first principal component (F1) is associated with the factors defining the climatic conditions of the Plateau Bateke. The second main component (F2) does not express clear correlations. Generally speaking, the temperature and relative humidity of the air are factors in the temporal variability of seasonal rainfall regimes on the Plateaux Bateke.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF DRINKING WATER OF VARIOUS QUALITY ON INTACT AND IRRADIATED MICE

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (9) ◽  
pp. 854-860
Author(s):  
Aleksandr A. Ivanov ◽  
I. E. Andrianova ◽  
V. N. Mal'tsev ◽  
G. A. Shalnova ◽  
N. M. Stavrakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Electrochemical Treatment ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
The Impact

In experiments on intact mice provided by continuous access to drinking water with reduced oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) only for 30-49 days there are revealed following signs of a modification of the vital status: a slowdown in body weight gain, a decrease in behavioral activity, a decrease in the thymus and spleen mass, signs of a change in intestinal microflora composition, in comparison with the original tap water and distilled water. Reduction of ORP was achieved by distillation of water, and also by electrochemical treatment at the "Ideal" plant. In addition, water samples were used in the experiment with the addition of antioxidants: ascorbic acid and melanin, which also reduced the ORP. At X-ray irradiation in a non-lethal dose of 1.5 Gy, 24 hours after exposure to radiation, there were no statistically significant differences in the damaging effect of radiation in animals that drank water of different quality. At the same time, with an irradiation dose of 5 Gy, an acceleration in the recovery of hematological indices and behavioral activity in the use of water with reduced ORP was noted. The intake of these water samples after irradiation contributed to a statistically significant increase in the number of endogenous hematopoiesis colonies in the spleen as compared to the use of tap water.

An Assessment of MJO Circulation Influence on Air–Sea Interactions for Improved Seasonal Rainfall Predictions over East Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (19) ◽  
pp. 8367-8379
Author(s):  
Margaret Kimani ◽  
Joost C. B. Hoedjes ◽  
Zhongbo Su
Keyword(s):  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Maritime Continent ◽  
Rainfall Prediction ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
The Impact

AbstractRainfall variability affects agriculture planning and water resource management. In extreme flood and drought events, lives and property are destroyed. This study aims to improve East Africa’s seasonal rainfall prediction by determining the impact of the standard eight Real-time Multivariate Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) (RMM) phases on rainfall and using sea surface temperature (SST) response to test the predictability of the March–May (MAM) and October–December (OND) main rainfall seasons over a period of 33 years (1981–2013). Pearson correlation patterns, composite maps, and regression analyses were applied, and the Brier skill score (BSS) and correlation coefficients (CC) were utilized as validation metrics. Low correspondence of rainfall to MJO 1 and MJO 2 was observed except for the months of November and December. Seasonally, MAM and OND correlation patterns with MJO 2 revealed enhanced rainfall over the highlands and insignificant correspondence over coastal areas. Conversely, enhanced MJO 8 corresponded to suppressed rainfall during the June–August season over the coast and the eastern highlands. MAM rainfall was shown to be predictable using Maritime Continent SST indices, with a BSS of 0.41, while OND rainfall was shown to be predictable using Atlantic and Maritime Continent SSTs with a BSS of 0.62. Positive and negative MJO 2 corresponded, respectively, to enhanced and suppressed rainfall during the OND season and was confirmed to be related to, respectively, a positive and negative Indian Ocean dipole (IOD). An IOD year could possibly be triggered by changes in MJO 2 amplitudes observed as early peaks between February and June.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SOLID WASTE DUMP-SITES ON GROUNDWATER QUALITY IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-63
Author(s):  
R. E. Sam-Uroupa ◽  
E. A. Ogbeibu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Waste Dump ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Municipal waste dumpsites contain pollutants which are either water-solution or are capable of being moved along the path of water during percolation through the soil to groundwater. This study was therefore carried out to investigate the impact of solid waste dump-sites in Benin City on the receiving groundwater quality. Four stations were chosen for this study, with each station located within one Local Government Area. These stations were dump-sites at Ikhueniro (station 1), Costain (station 2) and Ugbioyoko (station 3). Omaghe (station 4) was used as the control station without waste dumpsite. Soil samples were collected at three distances from the dump-sites of 0-50m, 50-100m, >100m at 0-30cm depth of top soil and analyzed while the boreholes used were within 120m radius from the dump-sites. This investigation spanned from July 2011 to December 2011. Results showed that water samples were found to be enriched with heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni and V) more than the control water sample; these were however within WHO and FMEnv. regulatory limits for drinking water. The mean pH values of the sampled water fluctuated between 4.50 and 5.57 and were not within the WHO and FMEnv. regulatory limits of 6.5 to 8.5 set for drinking water. ANOVA revealed a highly significant difference (p < 0.01) between the means of the following water parameters; Ca, Na, K, Mg, electric conductivity, Salinity, HCO3, and total soluble solids. The Kruskal-Wallis Test revealed that aerobic bacterial count was significant (p < 0.05) with the highest mean value in station 1 (17.17 x102 cfu/ml) and lowest mean value in station 4 (6.00x102 cfu/ml). Seasonal pattern of variations was observed for water samples examined.

Spatiotemporal trend analysis of rainfall and temperature, and its implications for crop production

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfa Worku ◽  
Deepak Khare ◽  
S. K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Precipitation Concentration Index ◽  
Mk Test ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Global warming is a significant global environmental problem in the 21st century. The problem is high in developing countries, particularly sub-Saharan countries in which the majority of the population live on rainfed agriculture. The present study aimed to undertake spatiotemporal analysis of seasonal and annual rainfall and temperature and its implications. The MK test, Sen's slope and precipitation concentration index (PCI) were applied. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis between climatic variables and crop production was analysed. The Mann–Kendall test results showed that the annual and seasonal rainfall trend was highly variable. The minimum and maximum temperatures have increased by 0.8 and 1.1 °C/year, respectively. Based on PCI results, rainfall during the summer and spring seasons is moderately distributed as compared to annual and winter season rainfall. Based on these observations, the rainfall pattern and distribution of the area could be classified as irregular and erratic distribution. Results of correlation analysis between monthly and seasonal rainfall with crop production were insufficient to conclude the impact of rainfall and temperature on crop production. In view of this, the incidence of food shortage is a common occurrence. Therefore, depending on the historical trend of rainfall variability and prolonged temperature increase, appropriate coping and adaptation strategies need to be encouraged.

The impact of seasonal rainfall variability on NDVI in the Tunga and Bhadra river basins, Karnataka, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (23) ◽  
pp. 8025-8043 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nischitha ◽  
S.A. Ahmed ◽  
Hamza Varikoden ◽  
J.V. Revadekar
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of Water Treatment Processes on Selected Heavy Metals Concentrations in Drinking Water Within Katsina Metropolis

2020 ◽  
pp. 336-342
Author(s):  
Yusuf Abdulrashid ◽  
Nuraddeen Abdurrahman ◽  
Kamaladdeen Abdullahi ◽  
Aisha Ado Shehu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
P Value ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Value Analysis ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
The Impact

The research focused on the impact of water treatment processes on selected heavy metals concentrations in drinking water within Katsina metropolis. Water samples were collected from taps, sachets and Ajiwa dam raw waters and analyzed for Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn and Mg using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The solid residues filtered from the treated samples were also analyzed using x-ray fluorescence (XRF) method. The result obtained from the water analysis shows that Cu concentration determined between (0.862-17.232) µg/L with the highest concentration below WHO limit in Ajiwa dam raw water, Pb concentration determined between (0.000-109.63) µg/L with the highest concentration above WHO limit in Ajiwa dam raw water, Ni concentration was detected in almost all the water samples, with the concentration between (0.000-0.72) µg/L, all the concentrations were below WHO limit, Mn concentration determined between (16.554-66.234) µg/L with the highest concentration within WHO limit in Ajiwa dam raw water, Zn concentration determined between (47.286-58.122) µg/L with the highest concentration within WHO limit in tap water, Mg concentration determined between (102.5-213.77) µg/L with the highest concentration within WHO limit in Ajiwa dam raw water. While the amount(%) of isolated element shows that Si(42.51), O(25.39), K(0.24), Ca(1.16), Ti(0.16), Mn(0.04), Fe(1.19), Cu(0.02), Zn(0.009), Ag(0.40), Ba(0.31), Ce(0.03), Nd(0.002), Eu(0.03), Re(0.04), Cl(1.14) and S(0.22) with Silicon with the highest percentage and Neodymium with the least percentage value. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that Pb (p-value 0.000), Cu (p-value 0.000), Fe (p-value 0.000), Ni (p-value 0.490), Mn (p-value 0.007), Zn (p-value 0.000) and Mg (p-value 0.046). This results show that the concentrations of heavy metals analyzed were either removed or drastically reduced to tolerable level or standard limit set by WHO for safe drinking water through series of water treatment processes and this render the water in the areas safe for drinking for now.

Temporal variability of disinfection by-products concentration in urban public water system

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-398
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Water System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
System P ◽  
Public Water System ◽  
Drinking Water Samples ◽  
By Products

The occurrence of trihalomethanes (THMs) was studied in the drinking water samples from urban water supply network of Karachi city that served more than 18 million people. Drinking water samples were collected from 58 locations in summer (May-August) and winter (November-February) seasons. The major constituent of THMs detected was chloroform in winter (92.34%) and summer (93.07%), while the other THMs determined at lower concentrations. Summer and winter concentrations of total THMs at places exceed the levels regulated by UEPA (80 μg l-1) and WHO (100 μg l-1). GIS linked temporal variability in two seasons showed significantly higher median concentration (2.5%-23.06%) of THMs compared to winter.

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