scholarly journals Broadband Spectral Induced Polarization for the detection of Permafrost and an approach to ice content estimation – A Case study from Yakutia, Russia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Mudler ◽  
Andreas Hördt ◽  
Dennis Kreith ◽  
Kirill Bazhin ◽  
Lyudmila Lebedeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Parameter Distribution ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Multidimensional Distribution ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Spectral Induced Polarization ◽  
Ice Content

Abstract. The reliable detection of subsurface ice using non-destructive geophysical methods is an important objective in permafrost research. Furthermore, the ice content of the frozen ground is an essential parameter for further interpretation, for example in terms of risk analysis, e.g. for the description of permafrost carbon feedback by thawing processes. The High-Frequency Induced Polarization method (HFIP) enables the measurement of the frequency dependent electrical signal of the subsurface. In contrast to the well-established Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), the usage of the full spectral information provides additional physical parameters of the ground. As the electrical properties of ice exhibit a strong characteristic behaviour in the frequency range between 100 Hz and 100 kHz, HFIP is in principle suitable to estimate ice content. Here, we present methodological advancements of the HFIP method and suggest an explicit procedure for ice content estimation. A new measuring device, the Chameleon-II (Radic Research), was used for the first time. It was designed for the application of Spectral Induced Polarization over a wide frequency range and is usable under challenging conditions, for example in field sites under periglacial influence and the presence of permafrost. Amongst other improvements, compared to a previous generation, the new system is equipped with longer cables and larger power, such that we can now achieve larger penetration depths up to 10 m. Moreover, it is equipped with technology to reduce electromagnetic coupling effects which can distort the desired subsurface signal. The second development is a method to estimate ice content quantitatively from five Cole-Cole parameters obtained from spectral two-dimensional inversion results. The method is based on a description of the subsurface as a mixture of two components (matrix and ice) and uses a previously suggested relationship between frequency-dependent electrical permittivity and ice content. Measurements on a permafrost site near Yakutsk, Russia, were carried out to test the entire procedure under real conditions at the field scale. We demonstrate that the spectral signal of ice can clearly be identified even in the raw data, and show that the spectral 2-D inversion algorithm is suitable to obtain the multidimensional distribution of electrical parameters. The parameter distribution and the estimated ice content agree reasonably well with previous knowledge of the field site from borehole and geophysical investigations. We conclude that the method is able to provide quantitative ice content estimates, and that relationships that have been tested in the laboratory may be applied at the field scale.

Investigating cable effects in spectral induced polarization imaging at the field scale using multicore and coaxial cables

Geophysics ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-49
Author(s):  
Adrian Flores Orozco ◽  
Lukas Aigner ◽  
Jakob Gallistl
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Electromagnetic Coupling ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Coaxial Cable ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Spectral Induced Polarization

The Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) method has emerged as a well-suited laboratory technique to characterize hydrogeological and biogeochemical parameters in soil samples. However, field applications of the SIP imaging method are still rare, which can be attributed to the particular care required to minimize the contamination of the data by electromagnetic coupling. To date, field procedures rely on the use of two different cables separating the current and potential dipoles to improve the quality of the SIP readings, although this increases the efforts in the field and might reduce the depth of investigation or the spatial resolution of the data. To overcome these limitations, we investigate here the use of a single coaxial cable, as an alternative to improve data quality and simplify field procedures. We present a thoughtful evaluation of SIP imaging data collected with the same measuring device using a coaxial cable and a combination of multicore cables of different length and manufacturers. Data sets collected with a single coaxial cable reveal a significantly lower number of outliers and high spatial consistency between the phase-lag readings, even for measurements collected with a coaxial cable five times longer than the length of the profile. Furthermore, the data collected with coaxial cables reveal an improved quality for deeper measurements (with lower signal-to-noise ratio) in comparison to data sets collected with separated cables. Our results demonstrate that the use of coaxial cables might permit the collection of SIP readings with high quality and similar field procedures to those used in resistivity surveys.

scholarly journals Field-scale comparison of frequency- and time-domain spectral induced polarization

2018 ◽  
Vol 214 (2) ◽  
pp. 1441-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
P K Maurya ◽  
G Fiandaca ◽  
A V Christiansen ◽  
E Auken
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Spectral Induced Polarization

Field-scale time-domain spectral induced polarization monitoring of geochemical changes induced by injected CO2 in a shallow aquifer

Geophysics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. WA113-WA126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Doetsch ◽  
Gianluca Fiandaca ◽  
Esben Auken ◽  
Anders Vest Christiansen ◽  
Aaron Graham Cahill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Lapse ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Electric Resistivity ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Spectral Induced Polarization ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Surface Monitoring

Contamination of potable groundwater by leaking [Formula: see text] is a potential risk of carbon sequestration. With the help of a field experiment, we investigated whether surface monitoring of direct current (DC) electric resistivity and induced polarization (IP) could detect geochemical changes induced by [Formula: see text] in a shallow aquifer. For this purpose, we injected [Formula: see text] at depths of 5 and 10 m and monitored its migration using 320 electrodes on a [Formula: see text] surface grid. Measured resistances and IP decay curves found a clear signal associated with the injected [Formula: see text] and rebounded to preinjection values after the end of the injection. Full-decay 2D DC-IP inversion was used to invert for the subsurface distribution in Cole-Cole parameters and changes to these parameter fields over time. The time-lapse inversions found plumes of decreased resistivity and increased normalized chargeability. The two plumes were of different shapes, with the resistivity anomaly being larger. Comparison with measurements of electric conductivity and aluminum (Al) concentrations indicated that two geochemical processes were imaged. We interpreted the change in resistivity to be associated with the increase in free ions directly caused by the dissolution of [Formula: see text], whereas the change in normalized chargeability was most likely linked to persistent acidification and best indicated by Al concentrations. The results highlight the potential for monitoring of field scale geochemical changes by means of surface DC-IP measurements. Especially the different developments of the DC resistivity and normalized chargeability anomalies and the different associated geochemical processes highlight the added value of IP to resistivity monitoring.

scholarly journals Field-scale estimation of soil properties from spectral induced polarization tomography

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 403 ◽  
pp. 115380
Author(s):  
A. Revil ◽  
M. Schmutz ◽  
F. Abdulsamad ◽  
A. Balde ◽  
C. Beck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Scale Estimation ◽  
Spectral Induced Polarization ◽  
Polarization Tomography

scholarly journals PFLOTRAN-SIP: A PFLOTRAN Module for Simulating Spectral-Induced Polarization of Electrical Impedance Data

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6552
Author(s):  
Bulbul Ahmmed ◽  
Maruti Kumar Mudunuru ◽  
Satish Karra ◽  
Scott C. James ◽  
Hari Viswanathan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Solute Transport ◽  
Electrical Potential ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Spectral Induced Polarization ◽  
Electrical Conductivities

Spectral induced polarization (SIP) is a non-intrusive geophysical method that collects chargeability information (the ability of a material to retain charge) in the time domain or its phase shift in the frequency domain. Although SIP is a temporal method, it cannot measure the dynamics of flow and solute/species transport in the subsurface over long times (i.e., 10–100 s of years). Data collected with the SIP technique need to be coupled with fluid flow and reactive-transport models in order to capture long-term dynamics. To address this challenge, PFLOTRAN-SIP was built to couple SIP data to fluid flow and solute transport processes. Specifically, this framework couples the subsurface flow and transport simulator PFLOTRAN and geoelectrical simulator E4D without sacrificing computational performance. PFLOTRAN solves the coupled flow and solute-transport process models in order to estimate solute concentrations, which were used in Archie’s model to compute bulk electrical conductivities at near-zero frequency. These bulk electrical conductivities were modified while using the Cole–Cole model to account for frequency dependence. Using the estimated frequency-dependent bulk conductivities, E4D simulated the real and complex electrical potential signals for selected frequencies for SIP. These frequency-dependent bulk conductivities contain information that is relevant to geochemical changes in the system. This study demonstrated that the PFLOTRAN-SIP framework is able to detect the presence of a tracer in the subsurface. SIP offers a significant benefit over ERT in the form of greater information content. It provided multiple datasets at different frequencies that better constrained the tracer distribution in the subsurface. Consequently, this framework allows for practitioners of environmental hydrogeophysics and biogeophysics to monitor the subsurface with improved resolution.

scholarly journals Spectral Induced Polarization Survey with Distributed Array System for Mineral Exploration: Case Study in Saudi Arabia

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouzan A. Alfouzan ◽  
Abdulrahman M. Alotaibi ◽  
Leif H. Cox ◽  
Michael S. Zhdanov
Keyword(s):  
Effective Medium Theory ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Drill Hole ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Effective Medium ◽  
Inductive Coupling ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Spectral Induced Polarization ◽  
Distributed Array

The Saudi Arabian Glass Earth Pilot Project is a geophysical exploration program to explore the upper crust of the Kingdom for minerals, groundwater, and geothermal resources as well as strictly academic investigations. The project began with over 8000 km2 of green-field area. Airborne geophysics including electromagnetic (EM), magnetics, and gravity were used to develop several high priority targets for ground follow-up. Based on the results of airborne survey, a spectral induced polarization (SIP) survey was completed over one of the prospective targets. The field data were collected with a distributed array system, which has the potential for strong inductive coupling. This was examined in a synthetic study, and it was determined that with the geometries and conductivities in the field survey, the inductive coupling effect may be visible in the data. In this study, we also confirmed that time domain is vastly superior to frequency domain for avoiding inductive coupling, that measuring decays from 50 ms to 2 s allow discrimination of time constants from 1 ms to 5 s, and the relaxation parameter C is strongly coupled to intrinsic chargeability. We developed a method to fully include all 3D EM effects in the inversion of induced polarization (IP) data. The field SIP data were inverted using the generalized effective-medium theory of induced polarization (GEMTIP) in conjunction with an integral equation-based modeling and inversion methods. These methods can replicate all inductive coupling and EM effects, which removes one significant barrier to inversion of large bandwidth spectral IP data. The results of this inversion were interpreted and compared with results of drill hole set up in the survey area. The drill hole intersected significant mineralization which is currently being further investigated. The project can be considered a technical success, validating the methods and effective-medium inversion technique used for the project.

scholarly journals Simulation and Experimental Study of the Near Field Probe in the Form of a Folded Dipole for Measuring Glucose Concentration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5415
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Gorst ◽  
Kseniya Zavyalova ◽  
Aleksandr Mironchev ◽  
Andrey Zapasnoy ◽  
Andrey Klokov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Vector Network Analyzer ◽  
Human Hand ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Network Analyzer ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Average Deviation

The article investigates the near-field probe of a special design to account for changes in glucose concentration. The probe is designed in such a way that it emits radiation in both directions from its plane. In this paper, it was proposed to modernize this design and consider the unidirectional emission of the probe in order to maximize the signal and reduce energy loss. We have done extensive research for both bidirectional and unidirectional probe designs. Numerical simulations and field experiments were carried out to determine different concentrations of glucose (0, 4, 5.3, 7.5 mmol/L). Numerical modeling of a unidirectional probe showed that the interaction of radiation generated by such a probe with a multilayer structure simulating a human hand showed a better result and high sensitivity compared to a bidirectional probe. Further, based on the simulation results, a phantom (physical model) of a human hand was recreated from layers with dielectric properties as close as possible to the properties of materials during simulation. The probe was constructed from a copper tube and matched both the geometric and physical parameters of the model. The experimental measurement was carried out using a vector network analyzer in the frequency range 2–10 GHz. The experimental measurement was carried out using a vector network analyzer in the frequency range 2–10 GHz for the unidirectional and bidirectional probes. Further, the results of the experiment were compared with the results of numerical simulation. According to the results of multiple experiments, it was found that the average deviation between the concentrations was 2 dB for a unidirectional probe and 0.4 dB for a bidirectional probe. Thus, the sensitivity of the unidirectional probe was 1.5 dB/(mmol/L) for the bidirectional one 0.3 dB/(mmol/L). Thus, the improved design of the near-field probe can be used to record glucose concentrations.

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