scholarly journals Revegetation of abandoned copper mines: the role of seed banks and soil amendments

Web Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carvalho ◽  
C. Nabais ◽  
S. R. Roiloa ◽  
S. Rodríguez-Echeverría
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Mine Soils ◽  
Mine Soil ◽  
Plant Establishment ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Mining is one of the main causes of environmental pollution by heavy metals and (re)vegetation of mine spoils is the most effective method of preventing wind and water erosion and the consequent spread of contaminants to surrounding areas. However, plant establishment and growth are conditioned by some limiting factors of mine soils, such as low pH, low fertility, high heavy metal concentration, and a small seed bank to initiate plant establishment. Improving soil physical and chemical properties is required in many cases for successful (re)vegetation programs. In the copper mine of Touro, Galicia, Spain there is a large-scale project of soil amendment underway using technosols, a mixture of several organic residuals, to improve the conditions of mine soils. We evaluated the seed bank of several types of technosols, mine soil and soil from a control area outside the mine by studying seedling emergence in these soils. In a second experiment we evaluated the impact of increasing pH with liming and the admixing of nutrient-rich soil on the growth of two grasses (Lolium perenne and Dactylis glomerata) and two legumes (Medicago sativa and Trifolium subterrraneum) both sown individually and in mixtures. Seedling emergence and species richness were highest in the technosols. Soil amendments promoted plant growth, with the addition of high-nutrient soil being the best amendment for the four plant species tested. Plant growth was impaired in the mine soil. Lolium perenne was the only plant species that germinated and grew in this soil. We found that soil amendments, either through the addition of technosols, pH buffering or nutrient enrichment, are essential for promoting the revegetation of mine areas.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PLANT GROWTH-PROMOTING TRAITS OF Pseudomonas AND Bacillus STRAINS ISOLATED FROM Lolium perenne RHIZOSPHERIC SOIL IN VOJVODINA (SERBIA) AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE PLANT YIELD

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Dragana Stamenov ◽  
Timea I. Hajnal-Jafari ◽  
Biljana Najvirt ◽  
Snežana Anđelković ◽  
Jelena Tomić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this work was to do a comparative study of Pseudomonas and Bacillus isolates for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) potential, monitoring the impact of selected isolates on the yield of English ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Isolation, physiological and biochemical characterization, in vitro assay of enzymatic and plant-growth promoting activities of isolates were done. Pseudomonas isolates have been shown to have the ability to use different sources of carbon, to live in the condition of low pH as well as temperature and to produce siderophore. On the other hand, Bacillus isolates have the ability to solubilize phosphate, to produce a greater amount of indol-3-acetic acid (IAA) than Pseudomonas isolates and have an inhibitory effect on the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. In other investigated traits, isolates were similar. The use of Pseudomonas sp. P12 and Bacillus sp. B1 isolates had a positive effect on the plant mass and total yield, which indicate that the use of these isolates can result in a better yield of forage crops.

Ecological Studies of the Endangered Rutidosis Leptorrhynchoides .I. Seed Production, Soil Seed Bank Dynamics, Population Density and Their Effects on Recruitment

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
The Impact

The seasonal dynamics of the soil seed bank of Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides F.Muell. were studied by the seedling emergence technique. Seed longevity in soil was quantified in a seed burial and retrieval experiment. The importance of annual seed production to recruitment was also determined over a 2-year-period, as was the impact of conspecific neighbour density on seed production per inflorescence. Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides appears to form a transient seed bank with little capacity to store germinable seeds in the soil from year to year. No seedlings were observed in soil sampled after the autumn germination pulse and no viable seed was present in the soil within 16 weeks of burial. The rate of seed loss was similar when seed was buried under all intact grassland canopy and in 0.25m2 canopy gaps. It appears that most seeds simply rot in moist soil or are predated by soil invertebrates. Seedling recruitment was at least 15 times greater in plots where natural seed input occurred than where it was curtailed. Less than 10% of seed shed resulted in seedling emergence. It is suggested that recruitment in the large populations studied was limited by germination rather than by microsite availability for seedling survival. Population density had an impact on seed production with sparsely distributed individuals producing fewer seeds per inflorescence than plants from denser colonies, although there was much variation. Sparse plants produced significantly fewer seeds per inflorescence than hand crosspollinated heads suggesting reduced pollinator efficacy in these colonies relative to larger colonies where there was no such difference. Rutidosis leptorrhynchoides is dependent on the maintenance of the standing population for recruitment. Any factors that influence flowering and subsequent seed production will limit the ability of the species to regenerate. Over sufficient time, this could lead to the localised extinction of the species and may explain why R. leptorrhynchoides has failed to reappear in remnants where a suitable fire regime has been re-implemented after a period of management unfavourable to the survival, flowering and regeneration of this species.

scholarly journals Influence of microbial priming and seeding depth on germination and growth of native wildflowers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Barrera ◽  
Juan Luera ◽  
Kaitlynn Lavallee ◽  
Pushpa Soti
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract Background Using native wildflowers for restoring marginal lands has gained considerable popularity. Establishment of wildflowers can be challenging due to several environmental factors. Restoring the microbial community in degraded habitats can potentially result in the native plant performance and habitat restoration. This study was conducted to investigate the impact of native soil microbes and seeding depth on germination of south Texas native wildflowers. Two wildflower species, Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) (Mexican Hat) and Verbesina encelioides (Cav.) (cowpen daisy), were treated with microbial wash extracted from native soils, and germination rate was recorded for 14-day period. We further analyzed the growth, biomass allocation, and root colonization by mycorrhizal fungi in these two plants growing them in a plant growth chamber for 6 weeks. To determine the impact of seeding depth, we planted the seeds of the two plant species at 2-cm, 6-cm, and 12-cm depth and monitored germination and plant growth. Results The two species responded differently to the seeding depth and microbial wash treatments. Microbial wash treatment resulted in higher germination rate in R. columnifera compared to control, while it did not have any impact on V. encelioides seed germination. While microbial treatment did not influence the total biomass, it had a significant impact on the biomass allocation in both the plant species. R. columnifera seeds germinated at both 2-cm and 6-cm depth and did not germinate at 12 cm, while the V. encelioides seeds germinated only at 2 cm and did not germinate at 6-cm or 12-cm seeding depth. Conclusions While our results are species specific, our results indicate that native soil microbes can potentially improve the seed germination and growth of wildflowers. Our results also indicate the importance of specific seeding depth when sowing wildflower seeds for habitat restoration.

scholarly journals Plant-Dependent Soil Bacterial Responses Following Amendment With a Multispecies Microbial Biostimulant Compared to Rock Mineral and Chemical Fertilizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bede S. Mickan ◽  
Ahmed R. Alsharmani ◽  
Zakaria M. Solaiman ◽  
Matthias Leopold ◽  
Lynette K. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Biodiversity ◽  
Rock Mineral ◽  
Wimmera Ryegrass ◽  
Bacterial Richness ◽  
Soil Bacterial

Biostimulants are gaining momentum as potential soil amendments to increase plant health and productivity. Plant growth responses to some biostimulants and poorly soluble fertilizers could increase soil microbial diversity and provide greater plant access to less soluble nutrients. We assessed an agricultural soil amended with a multispecies microbial biostimulant in comparison with two fertilizers that differed in elemental solubilities to identify effects on soil bacterial communities associated with two annual pasture species (subterranean clover and Wimmera ryegrass). The treatments applied were: a multispecies microbial biostimulant, a poorly soluble rock mineral fertilizer at a rate of 5.6 kg P ha–1, a chemical fertilizer at a rate of 5.6 kg P ha–1, and a negative control with no fertilizer or microbial biostimulant. The two annual pasture species were grown separately for 10 weeks in a glasshouse with soil maintained at 70% of field capacity. Soil bacteria were studied using 16S rRNA with 27F and 519R bacterial primers on the Mi-seq platform. The microbial biostimulant had no effect on growth of either of the pasture species. However, it did influence soil biodiversity in a way that was dependent on the plant species. While application of the fertilizers increased plant growth, they were both associated with the lowest diversity of the soil bacterial community based on Fisher and Inverse Simpson indices. Additionally, these responses were plant-dependent; soil bacterial richness was highly correlated with soil pH for subterranean clover but not for Wimmera ryegrass. Soil bacterial richness was lowest following application of each fertilizer when subterranean clover was grown. In contrast, for Wimmera ryegrass, soil bacterial richness was lowest for the control and rock mineral fertilizer. Beta diversity at the bacterial OTU level of resolution by permanova demonstrated a significant impact of soil amendments, plant species and an interaction between plant type and soil amendments. This experiment highlights the complexity of how soil amendments, including microbial biostimulants, may influence soil bacterial communities associated with different plant species, and shows that caution is required when linking soil biodiversity to plant growth. In this case, the microbial biostimulant influenced soil biodiversity without influencing plant growth.

scholarly journals Invasive species in the soil seed bank of two limestone hills in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Winda Utami Putri ◽  
Ibnul Qayim ◽  
Abdul Qadir
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
West Java ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Putri WU, Qayim I, Qadir A. 2021. Invasive species in the soil seed bank of two limestone hills in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4019-4027. Study on the impact of invasive species on plant communities has been conducted mainly on the aboveground vegetation. The impact on the soil seed bank has received less attention mostly due to practical difficulties in conducting seed bank assessment. Evaluation of seed bank composition is useful in detecting invasive plant species that may have been present as buried seeds. Information on the vegetation composition in Nyungcung and Kapur hills both under and aboveground is available, but specific information on invasive species has not been discussed yet. This paper describes and analyzes the structure (composition and density) of invasive species in the soil seed bank. Eighty soil samples were taken from the study sites. The soil seed banks were analyzed using seedling emergence and seed extraction methods. 2602 and 1280 seedlings emerged from soil seed bank of Nyungcung and Kapur hills, respectively. From that number, approximately 48.96% and 68.51% of the seedlings are invasive species in the soil seed bank of Nyungcung and Kapur hills. The invasive species were dominants in the soil seed bank of the two sites. Cecropia peltata and Clidemia hirta were the most abundant invasive species in the Kapur and Nyungcung hills seed bank, respectively. Species richness and seedling density were higher in Nyungcung hills than Kapur hills, which were invaded for a relatively longer period.

scholarly journals Seedling Emergence from Seed Banks in Ludwigia hexapetala-Invaded Wetlands: Implications for Restoration

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda J. Grewell ◽  
Morgane B. Gillard ◽  
Caryn J. Futrell ◽  
Jesús M. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Invasive Plant Management ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Restoration Planning ◽  
Standing Vegetation

Soil seed banks play a critical role in the maintenance of wetland plant communities and contribute to revegetation following disturbances. Analysis of the seed bank can therefore inform restoration planning and management. Emergence from seed banks may vary in response to hydrologic conditions and sediment disturbances. To assess the community-level impact of exotic Ludwigia hexapetala on soil seed banks, we compared differences in species composition of standing vegetation among invaded and non-invaded wetlands and the degree of similarity between vegetation and soil seed banks in northern California. To determine potential seed bank recruitment of L. hexapetala and associated plant species, we conducted a seedling emergence assay in response to inundation regime (drawdown vs. flooded) and sediment depth (surface vs. buried). Plant species richness, evenness, and Shannon’s H’ diversity were substantially lower in standing vegetation at L. hexapetala invaded sites as compared to non-invaded sites. Over 12 months, 69 plant taxa germinated from the seed banks, including L. hexapetala and several other exotic taxa. Seedling density varied among sites, being the highest (10,500 seedlings m−2) in surface sediments from non-invaded sites subjected to drawdown treatments. These results signal the need for invasive plant management strategies to deplete undesirable seed banks for restoration success.

Effects of soil temperature, seeding depth, and seeding date on rhizoctonia seedling blight and root rot of chickpea

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 901-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. Chang ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
G. D. Turnbull ◽  
R. J. Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
The Impact

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, a prevalent fungal pathogen in cultivated prairie soils, can be an important factor affecting seedling establishment of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Studies were undertaken to determine the impact of different soil conditions on seedling establishment, development of root rot, and productivity of desi (Tyson) and kabuli (Sanford) chickpea plants sown in the presence of R. solani AG-4. The impact of soil and air temperatures and seeding depth was studied under controlled conditions, and the influence of seeding date was investigated at three field sites. The host responded to warm soils by increasing its growth rate, and the pathogen by increasing its virulence. The kabuli cultivar, Sanford, showed greater susceptibility to root rot caused by R. solani than the desi cultivar, Tyson. Root rot and shoot infection levels increased with soil temperature for both cultivars, but reached maximum values at substantially lower temperatures for Sanford. Shoot biomass of infected treatments for this cultivar was substantially lower than the controls, while the biomass of Tyson was affected to a lesser degree. Air temperatures of 17/3°C day/night allowed relatively unhindered plant growth, even of the more susceptible cultivar, Sanford, in the presence of R. solani, while warmer and cooler temperatures resulted in high mortality and diminished plant growth in surviving plants. Seedling emergence and seedling dry weight were greater at a seeding depth of 2 cm than at 5 cm for seedlings grown in infested soil. In inoculated field plots, seedling emergence was greatest in treatments seeded in late May to early June compared those seeded in early or mid-May; in noninoculated treatments, both emergence and yield were lower in treatments seeded in late May than at the earlier seeding dates. Seeding date did not affect the occurrence of root rot. Key words: Rhizoctonia solani, Cicer arietinum, seed treatment, seeding date, soil temperature, air temperature, seeding depth

scholarly journals Impact of flucetosulfuron on weed seed bank in wet seeded rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-859
Author(s):  
Arya S R ◽  
Elizabeth K Syriac
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
The Impact

An experiment was conducted to assess the impact of flucetosulfuron, a new generation sulfonylurea herbicide, on weed seed bank dynamics of wet land paddy field. Field experiments were carried out during two consecutive seasons (Kharif 2016 and Rabi 2016-’17), to assess the bio-efficacy of flucetosulfuron in wet seeded rice which was accompanied by weed seed bank assay. Weed seed bank assay of the soil was carried out before and after the field experiments in both the seasons by the seedling emergence method. The experiment on weed seed bank was laid out in Completely Randomised Block Design (CRD) with 12 treatments replicated thrice. Flucetosulfuron @ 20, 25, and 30 g ha-1applied at 2-3, 10-12, and 18-20 days after sowing (DAS) along with two control treatments viz., hand weeding at 20 and 40 DAS and unweeded control comprised the treatments. The emerging weeds were uprooted at 14 days interval up to a period of two months; categorized as grasses, broad leaved weeds, and sedges and counted. Results revealed that non-herbicidal plots recorded significantly higher count of total emerged weeds compared to herbicide applied plots. In all the herbicide applied plots, effective reduction in weed seed bank could be obtained irrespective of the dose of the herbicide. Regarding the time of application, flucetosulfuron applied at 10-12 and 18-20 DAS recorded significantly lower weed seed bank during both the seasons, compared to its application at 2-3 DAS.

Seed production and seedling emergence of Giant Parramatta grass on the north coast of New South Wales

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
TS Andrews ◽  
RDB Whalley ◽  
CE Jones
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Seed Fall ◽  
The Impact

Inputs and losses from Giant Parramatta grass [GPG, Sporobolus indicus (L.) R. Br. var. major (Buse) Baaijens] soil seed banks were quantified on the North Coast of New South Wales. Monthly potential seed production and actual seed fall was estimated at Valla during 1991-92. Total potential production was >668 000 seeds/m2 for the season, while seed fall was >146000 seeds/m2. Seed fall >10000 seeds/m2.month was recorded from January until May, with further seed falls recorded in June and July. The impact of seed production on seed banks was assessed by estimating seed banks in the seed production quadrats before and after seed fall. Seed banks in 4 of the 6 sites decreased in year 2, although seed numbers at 1 damp site increased markedly. Defoliation from mid-December until February, April or June prevented seed production, reducing seed banks by 34% over 7 months. Seed banks in undefoliated plots increased by 3300 seeds/m2, although seed fall was estimated at >114 000 seeds/m2. Emergence of GPG seedlings from artificially established and naturally occurring, persistent seed banks was recorded for 3 years from bare and vegetated treatment plots. Sown seeds showed high levels of innate dormancy and only 4% of seeds emerged when sown immediately after collection. Longer storage of seeds after collection resulted in more seedlings emerging. Estimates of persistent seed banks ranged from 1650 to about 21260 seeds/m2. Most seedlings emerged in spring or autumn and this was correlated with rainfall but not with ambient temperatures. Rates of seed bank decline in both bare and vegetated treatment plots was estimated by fitting exponential decay curves to seed bank estimates. Assuming no further seed inputs, it was estimated that it would take about 3 and 5 years, respectively, for seed banks to decline to 150 seeds/m2 in bare and vegetated treatments.

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