scholarly journals Performance of the freshwater shrimp <i>Atyaephyra desmarestii</i> as indicator of stress imposed by textile effluents

Web Ecology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Casimiro ◽  
M. L. Fidalgo
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Freshwater Shrimp ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
Textile Effluents ◽  
Effluent Sample ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. Textile plants consume large volumes of water and produce a great amount of wastewaters, which can be important sources of toxic discharges in receiving environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the acute toxicity of textile effluents on the freshwater shrimp A. desmarestii. A whole effluent toxicity test procedure was used to determine the aggregate toxicity of three samples taken before and after wastewater treatment in a textile mill. The following LC50 − 48 h values (%, v/v) were calculated: Untreated effluent −29% effluent (sample 1), 22% effluent (sample 2), and 47% (sample 3); Treated effluent −73% effluent (sample 1), 74% effluent (sample 2), and > 100% (sample 3). Based upon acute toxicity units (TUa = 100/LC50), untreated effluent varied from toxic in samples 1 and 3 (2.00 ≤ TUa ≤ 4.00) to very toxic in sample 2 (TUa > 4.0), whereas treated effluent varied from no toxic in sample 3 to moderately toxic in samples 1 and 2 (1.33 ≤ TUa ≤ 1.99). Despite some limitations and constraints related to innate variability of industrial effluents, our results suggested that A. desmarestii can be a promising and potential test organism for assessing toxicity of complex chemical mixtures.

Acute toxicity assessment of textile dyes and textile and dye industrial effluents using Daphnia magna bioassay

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 491-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Verma
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Textile Dyes ◽  
Textile Mill ◽  
Golden Yellow ◽  
Excellent Method ◽  
High Degree

Aquatic toxicity of textile dyes and textile and dye industrial effluents were evaluated in an acute toxicity study using Daphnia magna as an aquatic experimental animal model. The 48-h EC50 value for the azo dyes, Remazol Parrot Green was 55.32 mg/L and for Remazol Golden Yellow was 46.84 mg/L. Whereas 48-h EC50 values for three dye industrial effluents (D1, D2, and D3) were 14.12%, 15.52%, and 29.69%, respectively. Similarly, EC50 value for three textile mill effluents (T1, T2, and T3) were >100%, 62.97%, and 63.04%, respectively. These results also showed linear relationship with high degree of confidence ( r2 = >0.84 to >0.99) between immobility and test concentrations. The ratio of 24 to 48-h EC50 remains to be in between 1.1 and 1.2. The general criteria of toxicity classification showed that both dyes were minor acutely toxic having 48-h EC50 in between 10 and 100 mg/L. Of the six textile and dye industrial effluents tested, one was not acutely toxic (48-h EC50 > 100%) and five were minor acutely toxic (48-h EC50 > 14.12–29.69%). The toxicity classification of effluent based on toxic unit (TU) showed that of the six effluents tested five were found toxic (TU = >1) and one was non-toxic (TU = <1). Thus, dye effluents showed highest toxicity and textile effluents lowest toxicity. The study also suggested that the assay with D. magna was an excellent method for evaluation of aquatic toxicity of dyes and dyes containing industrial effluents.

scholarly journals On the possibility of using biological toxicity tests to monitor the work of wastewater treatment plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-436
Author(s):  
Jelena Zoric ◽  
V. Simic ◽  
Ana Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Brachydanio Rerio ◽  
Toxic Pollutants ◽  
Biological Toxicity ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to ascertain the possibility of using biological toxicity tests to monitor influent and effluent wastewaters of wastewater treatment plants. The information obtained through these tests is used to prevent toxic pollutants from entering wastewater treatment plants and discharge of toxic pollutants into the recipient. Samples of wastewaters from the wastewater treatment plants of Kragujevac and Gornji Milanovac, as well as from the Lepenica and Despotovica Rivers immediately before and after the influx of wastewaters from the plants, were collected between October 2004 and June 2005. Used as the test organism in these tests was the zebrafish Brachydanio rerio Hamilton - Buchanon (Cyprinidae). The acute toxicity test of 96/h duration showed that the tested samples had a slight acutely toxic effect on B. rerio, except for the sample of influent wastewater into the Cvetojevac wastewater treatment plant, which had moderately acute toxicity, indicating that such water should be prevented from entering the system in order to eliminate its detrimental effect on the purification process.

The Acute Toxicity Of Diazinon To The Freshwater Shrimp Gammarus Pulex

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
سالم طارق الوحيشي ◽  
ألان هارقريفس ◽  
كريس لويد ميلس ◽  
وسام فرج عبدالعاطى محمد
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Gammarus Pulex ◽  
Freshwater Shrimp

Investigating the process of electrocoagulation in the removal of azo dye from synthetic textile effluents and the effects of acute toxicity on Daphnia magna test organisms

2022 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 102485
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Lach ◽  
Camila Schwarz Pauli ◽  
Aline Scheller Coan ◽  
Edesio Luiz Simionatto ◽  
Luciano André Deitos Koslowski
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Textile Effluents ◽  
Test Organisms

scholarly journals Toxicity and genotoxicity of water and sediment from streams on dotted duckweed (Landoltia punctata)

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Factori ◽  
SM Leles ◽  
GC Novakowski ◽  
CLSC Rocha ◽  
SM Thomaz
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fresh Biomass ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Floating Macrophyte

Most rivers are used as a source to supply entire cities; the quality of water is directly related to the quality of tributaries. Unfortunately men have neglected the importance of streams, which receive domestic and industrial effluents and transport nutrients and pesticides from rural areas. Given the complexity of the mixtures discharged into these water bodies, this study aimed to evaluate the quality of water and sediment of ten tributaries of Pirapó River, in Maringá, Paraná State, Brazil. To this end, the free-floating macrophyte Landoltia punctata (G. Meyer) Les & D.J.Crawford was used as test organism in microcosm, and the toxicity of water and sediment samples was evaluated by the relative growth rate, dry/fresh biomass ratio, and genotoxic effects (comet assay). Samples of water and sediment of each stream were arranged in microcosms with L. punctata. Seven days later, plants were collected for analysis. Nutrient levels were higher than the reference location, indicating eutrophication, but the results indicated a toxic effect for only three streams, and a genotoxic effect for all streams.

Acute Toxicity Investigation of Landfill Leachates Treated with Fine Bubbles

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
Hikmat Kasmara ◽  
Desti Pratiwi ◽  
Sundoro Yoga Azhary ◽  
Eko Sulistyo ◽  
Camellia Panatarani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Acute Toxicity Test ◽  
Landfill Leachates ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Fine Bubble ◽  
Before And After

Landfill Leachates is one of the pollutants containing high organic matter and heavy metal which can cause toxic pollution to water due to less than optimal leachate processing. This study aims to introduce fine bubbles treatment to the leachate processing technology at the waste treatment facility at Sarimukti, West Java Indonesia. The toxicity test was conducted in the acute toxicity test and test for D. magna. The acute toxicity test was carried out using a static biological test according to APHA standards (1995). The LC50-48 hours ware calculates using the Finney Probit Analysis Software. The results showed that the effectiveness of Sarimukti TPA leachate treatment was 97.5% DO, 71% BOD, 86% TDS, and 74.8% turbidity. The XRF spectra on the leachate after fine bubble found a recovery of heavy metal elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, and Sn. Based on the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation, the effectiveness of leachate processing has reached the safe standard limit for pH, mercury, cadmium parameters. The acute toxicity of leachate before and after treatment fine bubble was 14.516 ppm and 11.178 ppm. The acute toxicity of leachate is considered almost non-toxic.

scholarly journals Performance of Flexible Chemoresistive Gas Sensors after Having Undergone Automated Bending Tests

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (23) ◽  
pp. 5190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Alvarado ◽  
Silvia De La Flor ◽  
Eduard Llobet ◽  
Alfonso Romero ◽  
José Luis Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Gas Sensing ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Ag Electrodes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After

Many sensors are developed over flexible substrates to be used as wearables, which does not guarantee that they will actually withstand being bent. This work evaluates the gas sensing performance of metal oxide devices of three different types, before and after having undergone automated, repetitive bending tests. These tests were aimed at demonstrating that the fabricated sensors were actually flexible, which cannot be taken for granted beforehand. The active layer in these sensors consisted of WO3 nanowires (NWs) grown directly over a Kapton foil by means of the aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition. Their response to different H2 concentrations was measured at first. Then, they were cyclically bent, and finally, their response to H2 was measured again. Sensors based on pristine WO3-NWs over Ag electrodes and on Pd-decorated NWs over Au electrodes maintained their performance after having been bent. Ag electrodes covered with Pd-decorated NWs became fragile and lost their usefulness. To summarize, two different types of truly flexible metal oxide gas sensor were fabricated, whereas a third one was not flexible, despite being grown over a flexible substrate following the same method. Finally, we recommend that one standard bending test procedure should be established to clearly determine the flexibility of a sensor considering its intended application.

Maturation of steady-state CO2 sensitivity in vagotomized anesthetized lambs

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1255-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Jansen ◽  
S. Ioffe ◽  
V. Chernick
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Nerve Section ◽  
Co2 Response ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Co2 Sensitivity ◽  
Carotid Bodies ◽  
Before And After ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Respiratory Sensitivity

The maturation of the respiratory sensitivity to CO2 was studied in three groups of anesthetized (ketamine, acepromazine) lambs 2–3, 14–16, and 21–22 days old. The lambs were tracheostomized, vagotomized, paralyzed, and ventilated with 100% O2. Phrenic nerve activity served as the measure of respiration. The lambs were hyperventilated to apneic threshold, and end-tidal PCO2 was raised in 0.5% steps for 5–7 min each to a maximum 7–8% and then decreased in similar steps to apneic threshold. The sinus nerves were cut, and the CO2 test procedure was repeated. Phrenic activity during the last 2 min of every step change was analyzed. The CO2 sensitivity before and after sinus nerve section was determined as change in percent minute phrenic output per Torr change in arterial PCO2 from apneic threshold. Mean apneic thresholds (arterial PCO2) were not significantly different among the groups: 34.8 +/- 2.08, 32.7 +/- 2.08, and 34.7 +/- 2.25 (SE) Torr for 2- to 3-, 14- to 16-, and 21- to 22-day-old lambs, respectively. After sinus denervation, apneic thresholds were raised in all groups [39.9 +/- 2.08, 40.9 +/- 2.08, and 45.3 +/- 2.25 (SE) Torr, respectively] but were not different from each other. CO2 response slopes did not change with age before or after sinus nerve section. We conclude that carotid bodies contribute to the CO2 response during hyperoxia by affecting the apneic threshold but do not affect the steady-state CO2 sensitivity and the central chemoreceptors are functionally mature shortly after birth.

scholarly journals Effects of a treated sewage effluent on behavioural traits in Diamesa cinerella and Daphnia magna

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Villa ◽  
Valeria Di Nica ◽  
Francesco Bellamoli ◽  
Tanita Pescatore ◽  
Claudia Ferrario ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Video Tracking ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Cumulative Distance ◽  
Treated Effluent

Recently, the use of Daphnia magna has been proposed in on-line and real-time biomonitoring programmes as an early warning system for evaluating the effluent quality of sewage treatment plants (STPs). These systems are based on recording behavioural changes in the test organism resulting from the stress caused by the effluents. Indeed, altered behavioural signals could be induced at sublethal concentrations that are significantly lower than the corresponding EC50. However, at present, it is unknown whether the sensitivity of D. magna can be representative of that of other aquatic organisms, particularly benthic macroinvertebrates. An experiment was designed to verify whether D. magna can be employed in biomonitoring programmes for STPs located in alpine areas as a surrogate for cold freshwater best-adapted species. The responses of survival and behaviour alteration to exposure to the effluent of the Tonale Pass plant (Trentino, Italian Alps, 46°N, 10°E; 1799 m a.s.l.) were compared in a laboratory population of D. magna and a wild population of the chironomid Diamesa cinerella. These larvae were collected from the Vermigliana stream 50 metres upstream of the effluent input. Both organisms were exposed for 24 and 48 hrs to the effluent as it is and to three dilutions (/10, /100, /1000). The mortality rate and behavioural responses (using video tracking systems) were recorded. No significant mortality or change in behaviour was observed in the two species when exposed to the undiluted effluent. Exposure to serial dilutions of the treated effluent did not affect the survival of either species but notably altered their behaviour at both exposure times (e.g., the time spent in activity in D. magna and the average speed of movement and the cumulative distance travelled in both), especially when exposed to the ten-times-diluted effluent. Overall, the findings of this study emphasize that even though D. magna and D. cinerella use different behavioural strategies to cope with adverse environmental conditions, their overall sensitivity to treated effluents is similar. Accordingly, the use of D. magna in biological early warning systems protocols seems to also be sufficiently protective for local, cold-adapted species of alpine freshwater ecosystems.

Evaluation of Toxicity Test Procedure To Define Loading Rates in a Land Treatment System

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. P. Casarini ◽  
R. C. A. Cunha ◽  
M. I. Z. Sato ◽  
P. S. Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Land Treatment

Land treatment is categorized as an option to treat hazardous organic waste in soils. This treatment relies on detoxification, degradation, and immobilization of hazardous wastes constituents within the defined treatment zone to ensure the protection of surface water, groundwater and soil. The use of an appropriate battery of acute toxicity screening tests provides an acceptable method to estimate the initial application rates to be used in subsequent land treatment systems. This paper describes the Microtox acute toxicity test that has been developed and proposed by EPA - Environmental Protection Agency, to estimate the initial loading rates in a land treatment unit (EPA, 1986). The procedure involves conducting a sequence of Microtox tests on the water-soluble fraction of the soi], the waste, and selected waste-soil combinations. The results are used to establish a range of loading rates, which graphically are correlated with the EC50 or TU (toxic unit) to define the test loading rate which does not impact the biological activities of soil microorganisms.

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