Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among the Rural Geriatric Population: A Pilot Study in Karnataka, India

Background: Increasing life expectancy around the world, an outstanding achievement of our century, has brought with it new public health challenges. India is the second most populous country in the world, with over 72 million inhabitants above 60 years of age as of 2001. The life expectancy in India increased from 32 years in 1947 to over 66 years in 2010, with 8.0% of the population now reaching over 60 years of age. Few studies in India target the health, especially mental health, of this geriatric population. This study aims to estimate the current prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the geriatric population of the rural area of Singanodi,Karnataka, India.Methods: This cross sectional, epidemiological, community-based study was conducted in a rural health training area of Singanodi, Raichur District, Karnataka, India.The General Health Questionnaire-12, Mini Mental State Examination, and Geriatric Depression Scale were administered to 366 participants. Chi square tests with Yates correction were utilized for statistical analysis using SPSS 19.0 software.Results:We found that 33.9% of the geriatric population in the selected province were above the threshold for mental illness based on the GHQ-12 questionnaire. Females had a higher prevalence of mental disorder at 77.6% (152 out of 196) as compared to males who had a prevalence of 42.4% (72 out of 170). The most common psychiatric disorder was depression (21.9%), and generalized anxiety was present in 10.7% of the study population. Prevalence of cognitive impairment was 16.3%, with a significantly higher percentage of affected individuals in 80+ age group.Conclusion: Mental disorders are common among elderly people, but they are not well documented in rural India. The assessment of psychiatric disorder prevalence will help strengthen psycho-geriatric services and thus improve the quality of life of the elderly. A system that ensures comprehensive health care will have to be developed for this purpose as part of our future efforts.

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Psychometric properties of the new Persian version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI-PV) and its short form (GAI -PV-SF)

10.21203/rs.2.16187/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Mohsen Shati ◽

Seyede salehe mortazavi ◽

Seyed Kazem Malakouti ◽

Shiva ASCEND Center for Biomedical Research Mehravaran ◽

Ali Norouzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Short Form ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Good Test ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Persian Version

Abstract Background The aim of this research was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI-PV) and its short form (GAI-PV-SF) in a sample of older adults in Iran.Methods In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 150 community-dwelling and a psychogeriatric sample of 48 adults older than 60 years completed the GAI-PV and GAI-PV-SF, the anxiety sub-scale of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I).Results Both the GAI-PV and GAI-PV-SF exhibited excellent internal consistency and desirable concurrent validity against GHQ-28 and GDS-15. The optimal cutpoint score to detect current generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) was 10/11 and 13/14 for GAI-PV in the community-dwelling and psychogeriatric samples, respectively, and 3/4 for GAI-PV-SF in both study samples. A good test-retest reliability and a single-factor structure were also demonstrated.Conclusion Sound psychometric properties of the GAI-PV in both subsamples suggest that the instrument could be used successfully as an accurate screening instrument in the elderly Iranian population.

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Anxiety and depression in the elderly due to COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study

Middle East Current Psychiatry ◽

10.1186/s43045-021-00145-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Subhash Das ◽

Priti Arun ◽

Ravi Rohilla ◽

Kantadorshi Parashar ◽

Aratrika Roy

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Morbidity Rate ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Unexpected Finding ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mortality And Morbidity

Abstract Background The elderly are a vulnerable section of the population who are prone to physical, mental, social, and economic deprivation. The effect of COVID-19 had a worldwide impact on all age groups, with a particularly higher mortality and morbidity rate among the elderly population. The present study was undertaken to know about the psychological morbidity in the geriatric population during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was cross-sectional and was done through a telephonic survey. Eligible elderly subjects were contacted telephonically, and the Geriatric Anxiety Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale were administered. To evaluate the functional ability of elderly subjects, the Everyday Abilities Scale for India (EASI) scale was administered. For the telephonic survey, verbal consent was sought. Results A total of 92 elderly subjects were included. Male outnumbered the females with a ratio of 1.8:1. Spouse and children were primary caregivers in 83.7% of the subjects. 90.2% were married, and 66.3% had earned a graduate/professional level of education. Chronic illness was present in 50% of subjects. The most common co-morbidities were hypertension (27.2%) and diabetes (21.7%). The proportion of elderly with anxiety and depression was 8.7% and 15.2% respectively. Conclusion The elderly showed lower levels of anxiety and depression. Higher resilience among the elderly and good family support may be the reasons for such an unexpected finding. However, more studies are required to validate the findings of the current study.

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GAMBARAN TINGKAT DEPRESI PADA LANSIA DI MASA PANDEMIC COVID-19

Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Komunitas ◽

10.32584/jikk.v4i1.911 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 6-18

Author(s):

Sri Hartutik ◽

Anjar Nurrohmah

Keyword(s):

Short Form ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

The World

Pandemi Covid -19 merupakan bentuk kasus baru di dunia kesehatan yang mempunyai beragam dampak, baik biologis, psikologis, sosial dan spiritual. Kondisi seperti ini harus benar-benar diwaspadai terutama pada usia rentan dan resiko yaitu salah satunya usia lansia. Depresi pada lansia merupakan gangguan psikiatri dan merupakan masalah kesehatan mental yang sering terjadi dikalangan lanjut usia. Prevalensi depresi didunia sekitar 8-15%. Hasil survey dari berbagai negara di dunia diperoleh prevalensi rata- rata depresi pada lansia adalah 13,5 % dengan perbandingan wanita:pria 14,1: 8,6 dimana wanita dua kali lebih banyak daripada pria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Mengetahui gambaran tingkat depresi pada lansia di Masa Pandemic Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian desain deskriptif cross sectional dengan teknik consecutive sampling yang bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran tingkat depresi lansia menggunakan instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-S). Berdasarkan penelitian didapatkan hasil Umur lansia yang mengalami depresi pada masa Pandemic Covid-19 sebagian besar adalah Usia lanjut (60–74 tahun), jenis kelamin perempuan, status perkawinan lansia sebagian besar janda, riwayat penyakit lansia sebagian besar hipertensi, tingkat pendidikan lansia sebagian besar SD. Kesimpulan penelitian gambaran tingkat depresi pada lansia pada masa pandemic covid-19 sebagian besar mengalami depresi ringan. Depression in the elderly is a psychiatric disorder and is a mental health problem that often occurs among the elderly. The prevalence of depression in the world is around 8-15% and survey results from various countries in the world show that the average prevalence of depression in the elderly is 13.5% with the ratio of women: men is 14.1: 8.6 where women are twice as many as men. . This research aimed to determine the level of depression in the elderly during the Covid-19 Pandemic. This type of research used a cross sectional descriptive design with consecutive sampling technique which aims to describe the level of depression in the elderly using a research instrument in the form of a Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-S) questionnaire. The result showed Depression during the Covid-19 Pandemic was mostly elderly (60 - 74 years), female sex, most of the elderly marital status was widowed, history of elderly disease was mostly hypertension, education level of the elderly was mostly elementary school. The description of the level of depression in the elderly during the Covid-19 pandemic mostly experienced mild depression.

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Evaluation of Malnutrition and Depression in Elderly People: An Epidemiological Study in Turkey

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckz187.033 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽

Author(s):

S Aydoğan ◽

A Ünsal ◽

D Arslantaş

Keyword(s):

Health Care Providers ◽

Nutritional Assessment ◽

Short Form ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Mini Nutritional Assessment ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Care Providers ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Malnutrition is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition increases the number of hospitalizations and prolongs the length of hospitalization by disrupting organ functions, increasing the number and severity of infections and delaying wound healing. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of suspected malnutrition in the elderly, to examine some related variables and to evaluate the depression. Methods The study is a cross-sectional study conducted between March-April 2019 in individuals aged 60 years and older living in Sivrihisar. Sample size was calculated as 579. Cluster sampling method used. Data was collected by door to door in 4 neighborhoods determined by randomly. Mini Nutritional Assessment Test-Short Form (for malnutrition), Katz Daily Living Activities Scale (for dependency) and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (for depression) were used. Chi-square test, Mann Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis were used for the analyzes. Results The study group consisted of 220 (38%) women and 359 (62%) men. The mean age was 68.9±6.4 (ranged 60-93). Frequency of suspected malnutrition was 25% (n = 145). Being 80 years of age or older (OR:3.24, CI:1.53-6.85), having a primary and lower education level (OR:2.54, CI:1.32-4.90), history of chronic illness (OR:2.34, CI:1.33-4.03), using dentures (OR:1.62, CI:1.03-2.55) and suspected depression (OR:4.97, CI:3.17-7.78) are important risk factors for malnutrition. Those with suspicion of malnutrition had lower scores on DLA (z = 8.982;p=0.001). Conclusions Malnutrition was found to be an important health problem for the elderly. The frequency of suspected malnutrition is higher in individuals with depression. Those with suspected malnutrition have higher level of dependency. In order to reduce the frequency of malnutrition, it may be beneficial to increase the awareness of the elderly and caregivers and to give importance to the elderly nutrition of primary health care providers. Key messages Depression is an important risk factor for malnutrition. Malnutrition increases the dependence of the individual on daily activities.

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Elderly patients with cognitive impairments on an ambulance care

Russian Family Doctor ◽

10.17816/rfd70198 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 19-27

Author(s):

Tatiana Andreevna Bogdanova ◽

Anna V. Turusheva ◽

Elena V. Frolova ◽

Dmitriy L. Logunov

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Complete Blood Count ◽

Beta Blockers ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cognitive Disorders ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Global Cognition

BACKGROUND: Cognitive impairment is one of the most common geriatric syndromes that occur in the elderly. Dementia is a severe cognitive disorder that results in the professional, social, and functional impairment and gradual loss of independence. However, in most cases, the stage of dementia is preceded by a long period of non-dementia cognitive impairment. In this regard, one of the priorities of public health is to identify potentially reversible forms of dementia and cognitive impairment in the early stages. AIM: To assess demographic characteristics, co-morbidities and factors that are associated with cognitive impairment in adults aged 65 years and over and to determine the prevalence of cognitive disorders in aging population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: cross-sectional study included all patients aged 65 years and older who attended the ambulance care from 24.10.2019 to 15.12.2019 in Saint Petersburg. Measurements: the Montreal cognitive assessment test, the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. Data collection included a full medical history, blood pressure measurement, a medication review and blood tests (complete blood count, lipids, hormones, glucose, ALT, AST and creatinine). RESULTS: The prevalence of mild cognitive impairment was 62.9 % (95 % CI 56-70), severe cognitive impairment 8.2 %. We detected that hypertension, stroke, sleep disorders, subjective memory complaints and symptoms of depression were identified as factors associated with CI after adjustment for covariates. Hypertension and depression were related with cognitive impairment (p 0.05). Also patients with depression scored worse in global cognition and attention function (p 0.05). Patients with diabetes had association with a decrease in abstraction function (p = 0.02). Low hemoglobin levels were related with poor global cognition and memory impairment (p 0.01). Beta-blocker use was significantly associated with poor global cognition and memory impairment (p 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We found that elders have a high prevalence of cognitive disorders. We also demonstrated association between co-morbidities and factors as hypertension, anemia, diabetes, depression and administration of beta-blockers with poor cognitive performance in the elderly.

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Correlation Between Level of Depression and Risk of Suicide in Elderly at Purwodadi, Grobogan

Diponegoro International Medical Journal ◽

10.14710/dimj.v1i2.9585 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 27-31

Author(s):

Rilla Fiftina Hadi ◽

Titis Hadiati ◽

Natalia Dewi Wardani

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Severe Depression ◽

The Elderly ◽

Low Risk ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severity Rating ◽

Central Java ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Abstract Background: According to WHO, the elderly people have physical and mental challenges, including depression. The incidence of depression lead to suicide on elderly is about 12.7%. In Grobogan Regency, Purwodadi, Central Java, there has been an increase of depression in the last 5 years. Purwodadi Subdistrict depends on the number of orders with the highest number of traffic cases and the elderly.Objective: To determine the correlation between depression level and the risk of suicide.Methods: This research is a quantitative study with cross sectional design in which all respondents were observed and variables were measured at one time. Samples were taken from elderly outpatient of primary health care and Posyandu lansia at Purwodadi, who met the inclusion and exclusion criterias. Research samples were selected based on nonprobability sampling method through purposive sampling. This research used the Indonesian version of the GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale) and CSSRS (Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale) questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of elderly depression is 63.3%, and a significant correlation was found between severe depression and low risk of suicide (p <0.05)Conclusion: significant correlation was found between severe depression and low risk of suicide

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Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Depresi pada Lansia Pensiunan di Kecamatan Jekan Raya Kota Palangka Raya

Jurnal Surya Medika ◽

10.33084/jsm.v5i1.984 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 209-220

Author(s):

Syam'ani Syam'ani

Keyword(s):

Elderly People ◽

Employment Status ◽

Selection Criteria ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

The Elderly ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

The World ◽

Day By Day

The population of the population in the world is increasing day by day. One of the age groups that have a significant increase in the elderly group. Projections and data found about the elderly are a concern that is of interest to the whole world because along with the increase in population it is accompanied by physical and psychological problems that accompany it. This study aims to identify factors that affect depression in retired elderly people. The design used in this study uses a research design: "CROSS-SECTIONAL". In this study, the population is elderly retirees who live in the area of Jekan Raya Subdistrict, Palangka Raya City. The sampling technique in this study uses consecutive sampling technique, which is the best type of non-probability sampling, that is, all objects that come sequentially and meet the selection criteria are included in the study until the number of subjects needed is fulfilled, namely as many as 100 people. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between sex (p: 0.671), employment status (p: 0.994), marital status (p: 0.726), education (p: 0.988), and the level of depression in retired civil servants in Jekan Subdistrict Raya Kota Palangka Raya. This research is expected to contribute positively to the management of elderly people with depression so that they are able to adapt to changes that occur due to the aging process.

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OLD AGE HOMES: ARE THEY ACCEPTABLE TO PAKISTANI GERIATRIC POPULATION? RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF ELDERLY OUTPATIENTS VISITING TEACHING HOSPITALS IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v8i2.61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 107-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Waris Qidwai ◽

Imdad Ali Khushk ◽

Fizzah Farooq ◽

Muhammad Yusuf Hafiz ◽

Kashmira Nanji

Keyword(s):

Old Age ◽

The Elderly ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Chi Square ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Term Care ◽

Old Age Homes

Background: Worldwide, some one million people pass the sixty year old threshold every month (Ageing, WHO). Between 2010 and 2050, the number of older people in less developed countries is projected to increase. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in Outpatient clinics (OPD) of two hospitals in Karachi from April to May 2013. Elderly (> 60 years of age) visiting the clinics were consecutively recruited. 477 elderly were approached and a pretested, structured questionnaire was used to obtain information. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 and Pearson chi-square test was used to identify the factors related to choosing of "Old Age Homes". Results: A total of 400 participants were selected. Fifty-five percent of the elderly were in between 60 to 65 years of age and majority was males 54.8 percent. Elderly were aware of the presence of "Old Age Homes" in Pakistan, however only 7 percent choose to live in there. The main reason was found to be that the elderly did not want to go away from their families and loved ones. Conclusion: In conclusion, majority of the participants felt insecure to live in a home with strangers. However, "Old Age Homes" were preferred choice for those with chronic diseases or those living alone. Media should initiate public education programs to reduce social stigmas in seeking alternate long-term care services outside of the family.

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Study on depression among elderly people in an urban slum of Raichur

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20191829 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 2116 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vandana Ganganapalli ◽

Sujatha N. ◽

Bhaskar Kurre

Keyword(s):

Elderly People ◽

Nuclear Family ◽

Adult Population ◽

Elderly Person ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

Short Version ◽

Ageing Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Prevalence Of Depression

Background: Globally, more than 300 million people of all ages suffer from depression. With an ageing population, depression among the elderly is likely to increase in the coming years, with higher prevalence among the elderly people than that in the general adult population. This study was intended to know the prevalence of depression and factors associated with depression among elderly people.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the urban field practice area of Navodaya Medical College, Raichur. A pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire was used to interview the elderly person, after taking verbal consent. Depression was assessed using geriatric depression scale (short version). The study duration was from 1st September 2018 – 31st December, 2018 with 360 sample size.Results: Out of 360 elderly people, the prevalence of depression was found to be 31.4 %. The prevalence of depression was more in females 31.9% (63 out of 197). Significant association of depression was noted with age, socio-economic status, marital status, type of family, education and occupation with p<0.05.Conclusions: Around 1/3rd of the study participants were found to be suffering from depression. Depression was significantly associated with age, illiteracy, nuclear family, dependent on family members. Family support to the elderly population may prevent depression.

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Study of general health among older adult in ardakan city and its relation with traffic noise pollution at the residence Summary

The Journal of Tolooebehdasht ◽

10.18502/tbj.v20i4.7816 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ehsan Janati ◽

Mohammad Ali Morowati Sharifabad ◽

Reza Jafari Noudushan ◽

Mohamad Javad Zare Sakhvidi ◽

Sara Jambarsang

Keyword(s):

Sleep Disorders ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

General Health ◽

Traffic Noise ◽

General Health Questionnaire ◽

Noise Pollution ◽

The Elderly ◽

The Body ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Pollution Levels

Introduction: The body's response to noise pollution is very similar to the way the body responds to stress, which can lead to poor health over time. In this regard, this study was conducted to determine the general health of the elderly and its relationship with traffic noise pollution in Ardakan. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 1399. Participants were 200 elderly people in Ardakan and were included in the study by random sampling. Data were collected through sound measurement with SVANTEK device, General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28). After completing the questionnaires and measurements, the collected data were entered into SPSS-19 software and descriptive statistics as well as analytical statistics including: Chi-square, regression and analysis of variance were used to analyze it. Results: The overall average sound level equivalent in decibels at all measuring stations was within the standard range. There was a significant relationship between noise annoyance and the dimensions of "anxiety symptoms and sleep disorders" and "depressive symptoms" of general health (p <0.001). Conclusion: People with more voice annoyance have more anxiety, sleep disorders and depression. Existence of noise pollution levels in the allowable or standard level can lead to the observation of no significant relationship between traffic noise pollution levels and general health. Reducing anxiety, depression and sleep disorders in the elderly is possible with interventions to reduce voice irritation in them.

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