scholarly journals Study on loss processes in solar cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Ahmed B Abdurrhman ◽  
Fatima Zakria ◽  
Hamed A. Said
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Spectral Reflectivity ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Solar Conversion ◽  
The Impact

Determining heat sources for solar cells is essential to avoid energy loss, which in turn causes the efficiency of solar cells to decrease and therefore, the loss processes have a significant impact on solar conversion. This paper presents a study of intrinsic and exogenous losses in solar cells, identification of the resulting energy loss at different temperatures, and discusses the impact of exogenous and spectral reflectivity on solar cell performance. The results show an increase in thermal loss with an increase in temperature, which in turn leads to a decrease in the efficiency of solar cells. Also explained that the external radiate efficiency, spectral reflectance and operating temperature significantly affect the loss processes. The efficiency of the cell begins to decrease with the decrease of its external radiate efficiency.

scholarly journals The Effect of Solar Radiation and Temperature on Solar Cell Performance in Khartoum state

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
Wail Hessen ALawad ALHessen ◽  
Abdelnabe Ali Elamin Ali ◽  
Mohammed Habib Ahmed El_kanzi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Maximum Output Power ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Operation Condition ◽  
Solar Cell Performance

In this paper, the performance of solar cells was studied and evaluated . The role of several effects for operation condition such as temperature, sunlight intensity on the solar cells output parameters has been studied. Experimental results showed that relationship between the amount of solar cell output parameters variations such as maximum output power, open circuit voltage, short circuit current, and efficiency in terms of temperature and light intensity. The measurements were carried out for the intensity of solar radiation in Khartoum area in Sudan, from February month to April month which records the solar radiation in W/m2, The results were collected from 10 Am to 4 pm, three days per week, data were averaged and also illustrated in the form of graphs of solar radiation as a function of the time of the day. The operating temperature plays a key role in the photovoltaic conversion process. Both the electrical efficiency and the power output of the solar cell depend on the operating temperature. Solar cell performance decreases with increasing temperature.

Understanding the impact of side-chains on photovoltaic performance in efficient all-polymer solar cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (40) ◽  
pp. 12641-12649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Li ◽  
Qilin Zhang ◽  
Gaole Dai ◽  
Hua Fan ◽  
Xin Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Polymer Solar Cell ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Photovoltaic Performance ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
The Impact

We performed side-chain fluorination and alkylthio substituent in a template conjugated polymer and further investigate their impact on polymer–polymer solar cell performance.

scholarly journals Numerical Modeling of High Conversion Efficiency FTO/ZnO/CdS/CZTS/MO Thin Film-Based Solar Cells: Using SCAPS-1D Software

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Samer H. Zyoud ◽  
Ahed H. Zyoud ◽  
Naser M. Ahmed ◽  
Anupama R. Prasad ◽  
Sohaib Naseem Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Numerical Modeling ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
The Impact

The numerical modeling of a copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS)-based kesterite solar cell is described in detail in this article. To model FTO/ZnO/CdS/CZTS/MO structured solar cells, the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator-one-dimension (SCAPS-1D) program was utilized. Numerical modeling was used to estimate and assess the parameters of various photovoltaic thin film solar cells. The impact of different parameters on solar cell performance and conversion efficiency were explored. Because the response of a solar cell is partly determined by its internal physical mechanism, J-V characteristic characteristics are insufficient to define a device’s behavior. Regardless of the conviction in solar cell modeling, variable attributes as well as many probable conditions must be handled for simulation. Promising optimized results were obtained with a conversion efficiency of (η% = 25.72%), a fill factor of (FF% = 83.75%), a short-circuit current of (JSC  = 32.96436 mA/cm2), and an open-circuit voltage of (VOC = 0.64 V). The findings will aid in determining the feasibility of manufacturing high-efficiency CZTS-based solar cells. First, in the SCAPS-1D environment, the impacts of experimentally constructed CZTS solar cells were simulated. The experimental data was then compared to the simulated results from SCAPS-1D. After optimizing cell parameters, the conversion efficiency of the improved system was observed to rise. The influence of system factors, such as the thickness, acceptor, and donor carrier concentration densities of the absorber and electron transport layers, and the effect of temperature on the efficiency of CZTS-based photovoltaic cells, was explored using one-dimensional SCAPS-1D software. The suggested findings will be extremely useful to engineers and researchers in determining the best method for maximizing solar cell efficiency, as well as in the development of more efficient CZTS-based solar cells.

scholarly journals Improving Ultraviolet Responses in Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Thin-Film Solar Cells Using Quantum Dot-Based Luminescent Down-Shifting Layer

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1166
Author(s):  
Woo-Lim Jeong ◽  
Junsung Jang ◽  
Jihun Kim ◽  
Soo-Kyung Joo ◽  
Mun-Do Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Wavelength Conversion ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Short Circuit Current ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Quantum dot (QD)-based luminescent down-shifting (LDS) layers were deposited on Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) solar cells via the drop-casting method. The LDS layers can easily widen the narrow absorption wavelength regions of single-junction solar cells and enable improvement of the short-circuit current. The optical properties of LDS layers deposited on glass and containing different QD contents were analyzed based on their transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance. The absorber films to be used in the CZTSSe solar cells were determined by X-ray diffraction measurements and Raman spectroscopy to determine their crystal structures and secondary phases, respectively. The completed CZTSSe solar cells with LDS layers showed increased ultraviolet responses of up to 25% because of wavelength conversion by the QDs. In addition, the impact of the capping layer, which was formed to protect the QDs from oxygen and moisture, on the solar cell performance was analyzed. Thus, a maximal conversion efficiency of 7.3% was achieved with the 1.0 mL QD condition; furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that LDS layers have been experimentally demonstrated for CZTSSe solar cells.

scholarly journals Emission Controls Using Different Temperatures of Combustion Air

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Nosek ◽  
Michal Holubčík ◽  
Štefan Papučík
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Emission Controls ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

The effort of many manufacturers of heat sources is to achieve the maximum efficiency of energy transformation chemically bound in the fuel to heat. Therefore, it is necessary to streamline the combustion process and minimize the formation of emission during combustion. The paper presents an analysis of the combustion air temperature to the heat performance and emission parameters of burning biomass. In the second part of the paper the impact of different dendromass on formation of emissions in small heat source is evaluated. The measured results show that the regulation of the temperature of the combustion air has an effect on concentration of emissions from the combustion of biomass.

Numerical study of CdTe solar cells with p-MoTe2 TMDC as an interfacial layer using SCAPS

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (23) ◽  
pp. 1850269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Moustafa ◽  
Tariq Alzoubi
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Carrier Concentration ◽  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Back Contact ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
The Impact

The impact of molybdenum ditelluride (p-type MoTe2) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) material formation as an interfacial layer between CdTe absorber layer and Mo back contact is investigated. The simulation is conducted using the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS) software. Band gap energy, carrier concentration, and layer thickness of the p-MoTe2 have been varied in this study to investigate the possible influences of p-MoTe2 on the electrical properties and the photovoltaic parameters of CdTe thin film solar cells. It has been observed that a thickness of the p-MoTe2 interfacial layer less than 60 nm leads to a decrease in the cell performance. In regard to the effect of the band gap, a maximum efficiency of 16.4% at the optimum energy gap value of 0.95 eV has been obtained at a doping of [Formula: see text]. Additionally, increasing the acceptor carrier concentration [Formula: see text] of MoTe2 enhances the solar cell performance. The solar cell efficiency reaches 15.5% with [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with layer thicknesses above 80 nm. This might be attributed to the possibility of forming a back surface field for the photogenerated electrons, which reduces recombination at the back contact and hence provides a low resistivity contact for holes. The results justify that the MoTe2 interfacial layer mediates an ohmic contact to CdTe films.

Influence of Deposition Parameters on the Morphology of CdTe Films and on the Performance of CdTe Solar Cells

2007 ◽  
Vol 1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Hädrich ◽  
Sebastian Mack ◽  
Heinrich Metzner ◽  
Udo Reislöhner ◽  
Wolfgang Witthuhn
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Cdte Layer ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Cdte Solar Cells ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Suitable Combination ◽  
Cdte Films ◽  
Free Films

AbstractFor industrial CdTe solar cell production, thin, dense and pinhole-free films have to be deposited at high rates. Using a close-to-industrial close space sublimation (CSS) process, we deposited CdTe films at different temperatures and rates. The morphology of these films was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The measurements show the size, size distribution and orientation of the grains to strongly depend on deposition temperature and rate. A suitable combination of these parameters yields large grains of about 3 microns diameter even for deposition temperatures below 750 K and at high deposition rates of 3 microns per minute. The interplay of CdTe layer morphology and solar cell performance is elucidated employing a TCO-CdS-CdTe-Mo film sequence for complete solar cells.

Atomic resolution characterisation of interface structures by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
N. D. Browning ◽  
M. M. McGibbon ◽  
M. F. Chisholm ◽  
S. J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Electron Energy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Reference Image ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

The recent development of the Z-contrast imaging technique for the VG HB501 UX dedicated STEM, has added a high-resolution imaging facility to a microscope used mainly for microanalysis. This imaging technique not only provides a high-resolution reference image, but as it can be performed simultaneously with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), can be used to position the electron probe at the atomic scale. The spatial resolution of both the image and the energy loss spectrum can be identical, and in principle limited only by the 2.2 Å probe size of the microscope. There now exists, therefore, the possibility to perform chemical analysis of materials on the scale of single atomic columns or planes.In order to achieve atomic resolution energy loss spectroscopy, the range over which a fast electron can cause a particular excitation event, must be less than the interatomic spacing. This range is described classically by the impact parameter, b, which ranges from ~10 Å for the low loss region of the spectrum to <1Å for the core losses.

Truck Tire Operating Temperatures on Flat and Curved Test Surfaces

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. LaClair ◽  
C. Zarak
Keyword(s):  
Flat Surface ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Load Pressure ◽  
Truck Tire ◽  
Endurance Testing ◽  
Operating Temperatures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tread Rubber ◽  
Cylindrical Test

Abstract Operating temperature is critical to the endurance life of a tire. Fundamental differences between operations of a tire on a flat surface, as experienced in normal highway use, and on a cylindrical test drum may result in a substantially higher tire temperature in the latter case. Nonetheless, cylindrical road wheels are widely used in the industry for tire endurance testing. This paper discusses the important effects of surface curvature on truck tire endurance testing and highlights the impact that curvature has on tire operating temperature. Temperature measurements made during testing on flat and curved surfaces under a range of load, pressure and speed conditions are presented. New tires and re-treaded tires of the same casing construction were evaluated to determine the effect that the tread rubber and pattern have on operating temperatures on the flat and curved test surfaces. The results of this study are used to suggest conditions on a road wheel that provide highway-equivalent operating conditions for truck tire endurance testing.

Static and Dynamic Studies of Gasoline in View of its Octane Number and its Toxic Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Ashraf Yehia El-Naggar ◽  
Mohamed A. Ebiad
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Effect ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Octane Number ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Hydrocarbon Composition ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Gasoline come primarily from petroleum cuts, it is the preferred liquid fuel in our lives. Two gasoline samples of octane numbers 91 and 95 from Saudi Arabia petrol stations were studied. This study was achieved at three different temperatures 20oC, 30oC and 50oC representing the change in temperatures of the different seasons of the year. Both the evaporated gases of light aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX) of gasoline samples inside the tank were subjected to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively via capillary gas chromatography. The detailed hydrocarbon composition and the octane number of the studied gasoline samples were determined using detailed hydrocarbon analyzer. The idea of research is indicating the impact of light aromatic compounds in gasoline on the toxic effect of human and environment on the one hand, and on octane number of gasoline on the other hand. Although the value of octane number will be reduced but this will have a positive impact on the environment as a way to produce clean fuel.

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