scholarly journals How are Professional Programs from Diverse Disciplines Approaching the Development and Assessment of Competence at a Mid-Sized Canadian University?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Rich ◽  
Don Klinger ◽  
Sue Fostaty Young ◽  
Catherine Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Professional Programs ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Assessment Of Competence ◽  
Competence Framework ◽  
Embedded Case Study

Time-honoured university policies, such as the credit-hour and academic freedom, present challenges for professional education programs tasked with operationalizing entry-to-practice competence frameworks for professional accreditation. A single embedded case study was used to explore how professional programs from one mid-sized Canadian university are approaching and perhaps problematizing the development and assessment of competence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with educational leaders (faculty and staff, n=21) from a sample of nine programs. Following a grounded theory approach to qualitative analysis, the constant comparative method was used to inductively discern similarities and differences across programs, and to begin building theory about approaches to operationalization. While limited in scope given the use of a single university, our findings highlight: (a) diversity in approaches to operationalization across programs, (b) common attributes which can be used to classify the manner in which these programs operationalize competence, and (c) challenges with supporting faculty to buy in to competency-informed pedagogy and assessment. Given these findings, it is recommended that professional accrediting bodies and education programs spend time to consider the role university-based programs play in determining competence for entry-to-practice, as well their intents for implementing a competence framework, to ensure sufficiency in the approaches being used.

The Experience of Occupational Disruption among Student Musicians

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon McCready ◽  
Denise Reid
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Major Occupation

Student musicians frequently need to take breaks from playing their instruments because of physical playing-related injuries, yet little is known about their experiences with these occupational disruptions. We conducted a qualitative study that explored student musicians' lived experiences with unplanned disruptions stemming from engagement in their major occupation of playing an instrument. In-depth interviews with seven student musicians who attended either a special arts high school or a university were conducted. Consistent with a grounded theory approach to qualitative research, the constant comparative method of qualitative data analysis was implemented. A major finding related to the theme of “being and becoming,” where student musicians expressed a strong sense of belonging to a group of other like musicians who they learned from, relied on for support, and created music with. Another theme was motivation to excel, where students expressed a strong desire and motivation to improve and master their instrument. Occupational tensions and pressures emerged as another theme. Students were aware of the need to practice and the need to care for their bodies. A constant negotiation was required in which students struggled to find a good balance between the need to practice and to respect their bodies while maintaining an identity of a musician. These findings are discussed in relation to how health care providers and educators need to understand the demands and stresses associated with playing an instrument so that they can better support these young musicians.

The importance of dignity and choice for people assessed as having intellectual disabilities

2020 ◽  
pp. 174462952090520
Author(s):  
Savra Anne Frounfelker ◽  
Anne Bartone
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Group Settings ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Day Habilitation ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Individuals assessed as having an intellectual disability often spend a significant amount of time in day treatment/day habilitation programs after they graduate from school. The quality of these programs varies widely and is not federally legislated. The purpose of the current study is both to explore factors that lead to higher satisfaction for participants in these programs and to better understand what participants want in a program. Using a grounded theory approach, researchers interviewed 25 participants, staff, and family members in focus group settings to collect qualitative data. Interviews focused on what worked and what could be improved at a program located in Western New York. Using the constant comparative method, themes emerged from the data that pointed to the importance of dignity and choice in a day program to facilitate empowerment, higher levels of satisfaction and self-confidence.

scholarly journals The experience of family caregivers of patients with cancer in an Asian country: A grounded theory approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 676-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Sinta Kristanti ◽  
Christantie Effendy ◽  
Adi Utarini ◽  
Myrra Vernooij-Dassen ◽  
Yvonne Engels
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Asian Country ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Core ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Will Power ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Background: Strong family bonds are part of the Indonesian culture. Family members of patients with cancer are intensively involved in caring, also in hospitals. This is considered “normal”: a societal and religious obligation. The values underpinning this might influence families’ perception of it. Aim: To explore and model experiences of family caregivers of patients with cancer in Indonesia in performing caregiving tasks. Design: A grounded theory approach was applied. The constant comparative method was used for data analysis and a paradigm scheme was employed for developing a theoretical model. Setting/participants: The study was conducted in three hospitals in Indonesia. The participants were family caregivers of patients with cancer. Results: A total of 24 family caregivers participated. “Belief in caregiving” appeared to be the core phenomenon. This reflects the caregivers’ conviction that providing care is an important value, which becomes the will power and source of their strength. It is a combination of spiritual and religious, value and motivation to care, and is influenced by contextual factors. It influences actions: coping mechanisms, sharing tasks, and making sacrifices. Social support influences the process of the core phenomenon and the actions of the caregivers. Both positive and negative experiences were identified. Conclusion: We developed a model of family caregivers’ experiences from a country where caregiving is deeply rooted in religion and culture. The model might also be useful in other cultural contexts. Our model shows that the spiritual domain, not only for the patient but also for the family caregivers, should be structurally addressed by professional caregivers.

scholarly journals Care of Children With Disabilities in Rural Areas: Meanings and Impact on Everyday life and Health. Study Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 160940692094760
Author(s):  
Pablo A. Cantero-Garlito ◽  
Juan Antonio Flores-Martos ◽  
Pedro Moruno-Miralles
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Maternal Caregiving ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
The Impact

The general objective of this study is to describe and analyze the meanings that participants gave to the experience related to maternal caregiving activities of children with disabilities in the rural context and their impact on daily life and health. In order to achieve this general objective, the following specific objectives were established: (1) To describe the meanings given to experiences related to caregiving activities of children with disabilities; (2) To analyze the impact on daily life and health that these mothers attribute to those activities; (3) To describe how they experience the support provided by the social and healthcare system in rural areas. An interpretative paradigm was selected, using a qualitative approach and a phenomenological design. Twelve mothers were included. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. A discourse analysis of the narrative information was performed using open, axial, and selective coding processes and the constant comparative method.

scholarly journals A Grounded theory study of the intention of nurses to leave the profession

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyla Alilu ◽  
Vahid Zamanzadeh ◽  
Leila Valizadeh ◽  
Hosein Habibzadeh ◽  
Mark Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Grounded Theory Method ◽  
Psychosocial Concerns ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Bedside Nursing ◽  
Organizational Expectations

ABSTRACT Objective: this study explores the process of the development of an intention to leave bedside nursing. Method: the process was studied from the perspective of 21 nurses using the grounded theory method. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and the constant comparative method of Corbin and Strauss was used for data analysis. Results: according to the participants, the two main categories, "social image of nursing", and "culture and structure of the bedside", were the contextual factors that influence why nurses are leaving bedside care provision. Disappointment with a perceived lack of progress or improvement in the clinical experience formed primary psychosocial concerns for the participants. Competence and a process of self-control were steps taken by the participants. These, associated with interventional conditions produced the outcomes of the loss of professional commitment and desire to leave bedside nursing. "Failure to integrate personal expectations with organizational expectations: in search of escape" was the central category of the study that linked the categories together. Conclusion: the findings of this study provide useful information about the needs of nurses for overcoming the intention to leave bedside care. The identification of this process can help in recognizing emerging problems and providing solutions for them.

What Counts as an Apology? Exploring Stakeholder Perceptions in a Hypothetical Organizational Crisis

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Organizational Crisis ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Many scholars have studied the role of organizational apologies in crisis communication, but they have defined and operationalized apologies inconsistently. This study uses a grounded theory approach to explore what constitutes an effective organizational apology from the perspective of organizational stakeholders. One hundred participants were asked to imagine being the victims of a data breach at an online retailer and to write the kind of apology they would like to receive from the organization. One hundred more participants were asked to write suggestion lists for how the organization could make its apology effective. These data were analyzed using a constant comparative method. Fifteen apology elements were identified and organized along two dimensions: (a) whether the element involved primarily words or behavior and (b) whether the element focused on fixing the problem or rebuilding relationships. Based on the data, these elements must be combined to make an apology effective with stakeholders.

Quality through accreditation

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 469-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Olof Lagrosen
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The People ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Quality Award ◽  
Research Implication ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach

Purpose The paper concerns the three main accreditation standards for business schools: EQUIS, AACSB and AMBA. The purpose of this paper is to analyse these standards for accreditation from a quality management standpoint. Design/methodology/approach The study is a conceptual review and analysis of the three standards mentioned above from the perspective of quality management. The constant comparative method from the grounded theory approach has been used to generate categories from the two major quality award models, which are then compared with the criteria of the accreditation models. Findings The findings show the conceptual quality implications of the three main accreditations. The accreditation models are in line with the tenets of quality management but have a greater focus on production and to a somewhat lesser extent on the people. Research limitations/implications One limitation is that the study is only conceptual. Furthermore, the study is limited to the models of quality management and accreditation that have been analysed. Although these are the most common, there are others that could have been included. The research implication mainly lies in an increased conceptual understanding for the quality implications of business school accreditation. Practical implications The results of the study will be useful for managers of business schools undergoing or contemplating entering into an accreditation process. Originality/value The number of business schools undergoing accreditation is increasing rapidly. Thus, increased knowledge of the conceptual implications of such processes should be valuable.

scholarly journals Cultural identity of bilingual adults : a case study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Anastasiia Gorlova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Graduate Studies ◽  
Hybrid Identities ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Research Findings

This case study of the cultural identity of bilingual adults aims to discover the changes in the self-identification of sequential Russian-English bilingual adults that occur as a result of the immersion in the second language and culture. The study strives to answer the question of the change in self-identification of bilingual adults and the way they perceive those changes as well as the role that language plays in the transformation of identity. The participants of the study are Russian-born graduate students pursuing their graduate studies at the Universities in the United States. The data for this qualitative study were gathered through oral semi-structured interviews and samples of participants' writing and analyzed using the constant comparative method. The research findings show that the participants of the study are situated on a various levels of the construction of hybrid identities. Among the factors that influenced that transformation of identity, the most were the loss of network and connections and the differences between American and Russian cultures. Additionally, language as a factor in the change of self-identification affects the identity when individuals temporarily lose the ability to communicate and then learn new communication strategies that involve a system of both languages based on the principles of efficient communication.

scholarly journals Patients’ and Caregivers’ Conceptualisations of Pressure Ulcers and the Process of Decision-Making in the Context of Home Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2719
Author(s):  
Francisco José García-Sánchez ◽  
Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno ◽  
Beatriz Rodríguez-Martín
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Pressure Ulcers ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Personal Motivation ◽  
Constant Comparative Method

Background: Although the addition of patients in the process of shared decision-making can improve their recovery, there is a lack of knowledge about patients’ and caregivers’ perceptions on the management of pressure ulcers at home. Objectives: To explore the conceptualisations of patients with pressure ulcers and their caregivers on the barriers and facilitators for their involvement in home care and in the process of shared decision-making regarding the care provided. Methods: A qualitative study based on grounded theory in a theoretical sample of 10 patients with pressure ulcers and 15 main caregivers from the health district of Puertollano (Spain). The data were based on semi-structured interviews, analysed using a coding process and the constant comparative method. Results: According to the participants, personal motivation and the involvement of primary care professionals facilitated their participation in the process of shared decision-making and generated feelings of positivity. In contrast, older age, having disabling pathologies, a low educational level or health paternalism were perceived as barriers for their involvement. Conclusions: A non-paternalistic care model and personal motivation facilitate the process of shared decision-making in the care of people with pressure ulcers. Further studies are required to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon and examine the barriers and facilitators for the involvement of patients and caregivers in the management of these injuries in other contexts.

scholarly journals Facilitators and Barriers to Wearing Hand Orthoses by Adults with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Mixed Methods Study Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-475
Author(s):  
S.L.S. Houwen-van Opstal ◽  
Y.M.E.M. van den Elzen ◽  
M. Jansen ◽  
M.A.A.P. Willemsen ◽  
E.H.C. Cup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Constant Comparative Method ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers

Background: To retard shortening of finger flexors in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), hand orthoses are prescribed. However, many patients do not wear the orthoses regularly. To optimize orthotic interventions, we need insight into the factors influencing compliance. Objective: To evaluate the compliance regarding hand orthoses in an adult DMD population and to explore experiences and perceptions of DMD patients wearing orthoses, and of their caregivers. Methods: Mixed methods observational study, combining quantitative and qualitative data from medical charts combined with qualitative semi-structured interviews using a constant comparative method and a short validated questionnaire (D-QUEST). Results: 65 medical charts were analyzed. 48 patients were assessed as needing hand orthoses, of whom 37.5 % were compliant. Qualitative data analyses revealed (1) motivation: preservation of hand function; (2) barriers: discomfort and impediments; (3) facilitators: good fit and personalized wearing schedule; (4) fitting process: satisfactory, but patients do not readily seek help when barriers appear. Conclusions: Patients are motivated to wear hand orthoses, but often discontinue use because of orthosis-and disease-specific barriers. The identification of these barriers leads to practical and feasible recommendations concerning the orthoses and the fitting process, such as less rigid material, preservation of some function while wearing the orthoses, and fixed evaluation points. The findings were confirmed by the D-QUEST.

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