scholarly journals Scientific Discovery, Social Change, and Individual Behavior Change

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Wong
1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Freudenberg

The view that individual behavior change is the primary goal of health education presents several serious problems. Although individual behavior does contribute to health and disease, social organization is perhaps a more powerful influence. The use of behavior change as the primary tool for health education raises grave ethical issues. Health education which seeks to change individual behavior has also failed to have a significant impact on public health. An alternative strategy is health education for social change. The goal of this approach is to involve people in collective action to create health promoting environments and life-styles. Several contemporary models for and principles characteristic of health education for social change are described.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdurakhim Rakhimov ◽  
Erik Thulin

Promoting individual behavior change has been criticized as a strategy for addressing climate change due to its potential to diminish climate policy support. In a pre-registered study, we find that messages recommending the adoption of individual climate behaviors and highlighting their large impact do not affect support for a carbon tax. Programs that encourage personal behavior change with substantial mitigation potential offer complementary opportunities to policy without undermining its effectiveness.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S Hagger ◽  
Mike Weed

BackgroundBehavioral scientists suggest that for behavior change interventions to work effectively, and deliver population-level health outcomes, they must be underpinned by behavioral theory. However, despite implementation of such interventions, population levels of both health outcomes and linked behaviors have remained relatively static. We debate the extent to which interventions based on behavioral theory work in the real world to address population health outcomes.DiscussionHagger argues there is substantive evidence supporting the efficacy and effectiveness of interventions based on behavioral theory in promoting population-level health behavior change in the ‘real world’. However, large-scale effectiveness trials within existing networks are relatively scarce, and more are needed leveraging insights from implementation science. Importantly, sustained investment in effective behavioral interventions is needed, and behavioral scientists should engage in greater advocacy to persuade gatekeepers to invest in behavioral interventions.Weed argues there is no evidence to demonstrate behavioral theory interventions are genuinely effective in real world settings in populations that are offered them: they are merely efficacious for those that receive them. Despite behavioral volatility that is a normal part of maintaining steady-state population behavior levels creating the illusion of effectiveness, interventions fail in shifting the curve of population behaviors because they focus on individuals rather than populations.Hagger responds that behavioral interventions work in the ‘real world’ in spite of, not because of, flux in health behaviors, and that the contention that behavioral theory focuses solely on individual behavior change is inaccurate.Weed responds that the focus on extending the controls of efficacy trials into implementation is impractical, uneconomic and futile, and this has squandered opportunities to conduct genuine effectiveness trials in naturalistic settings.SummaryHagger contends that interventions based on behavioral theory are effective in changing population-level behavior in ‘real world’ contexts, but more evidence on how best to implement them and how to engage policymakers and practitioners to provide sustained funding is needed. Weed argues for a paradigm shift, away from aggregative attempts to effect individual behavior change towards a focus on disrupting social practices, underpinned by understanding social and economic causation of the distribution and acceptance of behaviors in a population.


Author(s):  
Ansar Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Saud ◽  
Dian Ekowati ◽  
Fendy Suhariadi

This chapter aims to review the current debate on and investigate individual behavior and confidence in leaders and organizations. This is done through content analysis on recent studies on leadership, social psychology, and the characteristics of individuals, society, and organizations. This study proposes a model to discuss cognitive, human involvement, personality traits, and social fabrics. The current debate's significant contributions alert organizations and individuals (leaders) about human development and social transmission in social change. Some primary challenges have been discussed, such as employees' perception of the organization, managerial styles, socio-psychological and cognitive development. The chapter argues that the social cognitive theory's lens can enrich individuals, society, and organizations to reach future research suggestions.


2007 ◽  
pp. 377-402
Author(s):  
Myles S. Faith ◽  
Eva Epstein

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Markus Idulfilastri ◽  
Francisca Iriani R.D2 ◽  
Kintan Nurcahya Wailulu

The results of the analysis of the problems of village cadres that have been fostered by the Association of Ambissi, seem still and need to be developed in terms of psychological aspects. They are enthusiastic about the activities that have been carried out but not yet wholeheartedly to develop their activities. Therefore, Community Village Cadre Assistance in Ciapus Village, Ciomas Subdistrict, Bogor Regency has the following objectives: (1) Village cadres know their abilities in terms of psychological capital. (2) Village cadres want to increase their enthusiasm for work so that they can excel in every activity. (3) Village cadres are able to develop activities based on the work plan they have made. The training method using the model of individual behavior change from Kurt Lewin is using unfreezing, change and refreezing conditions. In accordance with the training method the unfreezing stage consists of group sessions; role session as village cadre; the change stage consists of individual target sessions (2 rounds); target group session; the refreezing stage consists of 3-month work target sessions and Psychology Capital sessions by filling out a questionnaire. Results and discussion of the types of participants in setting targets, (1) participants who know their abilities, but they are trying to achieve the target of reaching all balls; (2) participants who already know their abilities but are not satisfied; (3) participants who want to know their abilities; (4) participants who are looking for safety; (5) participants are aware of the risk so that it becomes realistic. The results of the Psychology Capital questionnaire, in general, village cadres have an optimistic attitude that is always a part of him and doesn't know to give up if there are difficulties always think about how to solve them. But that still needs to be improved on the aspects of hope, self-efficacy and resilience. The conclusion of the training objectives is reached in terms of cognitive and affective and it is suggested to continue to examine the behaviorABSTRAK:Hasil analisis permasalahan para kader desa yang telah dibina oleh Perkumpulan Ambissi, kelihatan masih dan perlu dikembangkan dari sisi aspek-aspek psikologi. Mereka bersemangat dengan kegiatan-kegiatan yang telah dilakukan tapi belum sepenuh hati untuk mengembangkan kegiatannya. Oleh karena itu, Pendampingan Kader Desa Masyarakat Di Desa Ciapus, Kecamatan Ciomas, Kabupaten Bogor mempunyai tujuan (1) Para kader desa mengetahui kemampuan yang dimilikinya ditinjau dari modal psikologi. (2) Para kader desa mau meningkatkan gairah kerja sehingga berprestasi di setiap  kegiatan. (3) Para kader desa mampu mengembangkan kegiatan berdasarkan rencana kerja yang dibuatnya. Metode pelatihan dengan menggunakan model perubahan perilaku individu dari Kurt Lewin yaitu menggunakan kondisi unfrrezing, change dan refreezing. Sesuai dengan metode pelatihan pada tahap unfreezing terdiri dari sesi berkelompok; sesi peran sebagai kader desa; tahap change terdiri dari sesi target individual (2 ronde); sesi target kelompok; tahap refreezing terdiri dari sesi target kerja 3 bulan dan sesi Modal Psikologi dengan mengisi kuesioner. Hasil dan pembahasan tipe peserta dalam menetapkan target yaitu (1) peserta yang tahu akan kemampuan dirinya, namun mereka berusaha agar target tercapainya tercapai yaitu bola masuk semua; (2) peserta yang sudah tahu kemampaun dirinya tapi merasa tidak puas; (3) peserta yang ingin tahu kemampuan dirinya; (4) peserta yang mencari aman; (5) peserta yang menyadari risiko, sehingga menjadi realistis. Hasil kuesioner isian kuesioner Modal Psikologi, pada umumnya para kader desa memiliki sikap optimis yang selalu menjadi bagian dirinya dan tidak kenal menyerah jika ada kesulitan selalu dipikirkan cara menyelesaikannya. Namun yang masih perlu ditingkakan pada aspek hope, self efficacy dan resilensi. Kesimpulan tujuan pelatihan tercapai dari sisi kognitif dan afektif dan disarankan dilanjutkan untuk menelaah dari perilaku.


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