Observing Stigmatization Attitudes Towards Ex-Combatants in Colombia's Postconflict

The authors propose a working definition of stigmatization towards ex-combatants from organized armed groups outside the law in Colombia's internal conflict and empirically validate a questionnaire to assess stigmatization. First, they offer a brief review of different concepts of stigmatization, mainly stemming from psychology and sociology. Second, based on the previous review, they will offer a specific definition of stigmatization directed towards ex-combatants in the Colombian internal conflict. This definition encompasses social distance, label attribution, and emotional reactions towards the stigmatized group. Further, they present the validated scale to measure these attitudes in a non-representative sample of 289 people in 34 Colombian counties. Finally, they describe the psychometric properties of this scale as a way to measure stigmatization against ex-combatants in the Colombian internal conflict to be used in interventions aimed at attenuating this stigmatization and favoring their return to civilian society.

Theoretical Context of Cybercrime

The internet is conceivably today's most innovative development as it proceeds to change everyday life for almost everyone globally. Billions of individuals are using the internet, and thousands enter the online world each day. Not merely has the internet revolutionized the way people connect and learn; it has eternally changed the way people live across the globe. As the internet and computer advances, offenders have originated ways to utilize these innovations as intended for their criminal acts. In social science research, social theories are of great significance. Without a theoretical direction, social facts are like a snuffed-out candle that cannot determine its bearer's path. Social theories contribute to the development of sound scientific foundations for resolving issues in any social inquiry. Theories guide our observations of the world. Digital technology has an impact and has numerous challenges. The respective work has its significance in helping and exploring this dilemma via a multifaceted theoretical approach.

Perceptions of Graduate Introvert Students Towards Problem-Based Group Work Activities in the Classroom

This research study will examine the perceptions of graduate introvert students towards problem-based group work activities in the classroom. There is an emphasis into student-centered learning in higher education systems in today's world, and group-work activities are amongst the ways of having students active in the classroom. Results of this study will show that introverts compared to extroverts have negative group work experience. This study will show the importance of designing and structuring group work activities well to allow for all students regardless of their personalities to be able to be motivated towards group work activities and be able to retain concepts learned during student-centered learning activities. This study investigates how graduate introvert students perceive group work activities in the classroom. Personality test will be administered to ensure all participants fit into the study's description of an introvert. Qualitative approach was selected as the research design for this study using unstructured interview questions.

The Role of Grit Among Kenyan Immigrants in the United States

This research study examines the role of grit in the success of Kenyan immigrants in the United States. It gives an illustration as to why grit is more relevant than IQ in the accomplishment of long-term goals. It will also examine the importance of learning from a motivational point of view. Finally, it will investigate how Kenyan immigrants with grit handled challenging situations that they faced while in the United States and the positive outcomes that resulted after their decision to be passionate on their set goals. A qualitative approach was selected as the research design for this study using unstructured interviews. The research findings indicate that grit contributed to the success of the five Kenyan immigrants in the United States. Challenges that people face in life can lead to feelings of worthlessness and giving up on set goals. However, the grit predisposition present in all the five participants in the study enabled them to overcome their challenges as noted in the findings, and they all accomplished their set goals.

Sense of Place and Gender Perceptions

Cultural conditioning aligns with gendered preconceptions permeating all aspects of life, including the tourists' experiences. However, the literature on gendered gazes to destinations is limited. The purpose of this research is to find the gendered characteristics of the destinations. The theoretical context that the research is set within the context of the sense of place and the gender conceptions attributed to a certain destination. The qualitative method was adopted to identify the part of the participants' experience of Bangkok destination as the search area via interviews. The content analysis was used for the data analysis and codes were grouped into themes according to the masculine, feminine, and/or neutral categories. Elucidating the relevant literature in tourism on gendered experiences, the findings have given ideas for the gendered characteristic of a destination within the classification of masculine, feminine, and neutral. Furthermore, three dimensions have been determined within the context of the sense of place, namely “visual, psychological, and spiritual.”

Measuring Deliberative Attitude and Attributes in Political Corporate Social Responsibility

There are numerous calls for more empirical research in the study of political corporate social responsibility (PCSR). One of the important avenues in the process of deliberation in PCSR. Hence, this study aims to conceptualize, develop, and validate a scale that will be able to measure a person's deliberative attitude. The overall study has been divided into three studies. The first study aims to develop and assess the content validity of the measurement. The second study aims to purify the instrument through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). It is in this study that 14 indicators measuring three different constructs were identified. Besides the deliberative attitude, the indicators for measuring motivation and support on deliberation were also identified. The three constructs were then put through a construct and predictive validity assessment in study three. Findings from this study allowed researchers to explore a more complex model related to a person's or corporation's decision to participate in a deliberation.

Attitude Formation and Attitude Change

The study of attitudes formation and attitude change are two defining features at the core of social psychology. An attitude is a set of beliefs that people hold in relation to an attitude object, where an attitude object is a person, a product, or a social group. Since attitudes have been a strong influence on human behavior, social psychologists have viewed attitudes as important to understand behavior of individuals. Firstly, the chapter will introduce the concept of attitude with social psychological perspective. Attitude formation is important to understand to know why people hold different attitudes and how attitudes help to predict their behavior. In the second section, distinct ways of attitudes formation are discussed. It is also important to understand how attitudes influence in decision making, which is also discussed in the next section of the chapter. In the later section, changing processes of attitudes have been discussed.

Who Am I

Culture, self, and social identity all are interconnected. An individual's life cannot be fully comprehended without connecting all these concepts. Psychology is a science, and philosophy is beyond science, and both fields have analysed and debated culture, self, and social identity. This chapter has used the theories and teachings of famous psychologists and philosophers to understand the influence of culture on self and social identity. The analysis has shown that all psychologists emphasize the role of culture on the formation of self and social identity and empathize the suffering of human beings because of the loss of culture and provide psychology techniques and therapies to handle it successfully. Philosophers call for throwing out the culture, self, and social identity and immerse oneself into the higher collective consciousness and supreme power.

Social Psychology and Fabrication

This chapter aims to review the current debate on and investigate individual behavior and confidence in leaders and organizations. This is done through content analysis on recent studies on leadership, social psychology, and the characteristics of individuals, society, and organizations. This study proposes a model to discuss cognitive, human involvement, personality traits, and social fabrics. The current debate's significant contributions alert organizations and individuals (leaders) about human development and social transmission in social change. Some primary challenges have been discussed, such as employees' perception of the organization, managerial styles, socio-psychological and cognitive development. The chapter argues that the social cognitive theory's lens can enrich individuals, society, and organizations to reach future research suggestions.

Learning From Moods, Emotions, and Experiences in Rehabilitation of Disability

Experiences in multi-cultural rehabilitation settings involving individuals with disability (patients' culture) and those without disability (rehab professionals' culture) can be a great source of learning for both of them. The moods and emotions felt by patients often call for modification of approach and strategies using different interventions (like leisure and recreational activities) which leads to novel insights and experiences by the patients and the professionals alike. Therefore, the learning process as witnessed in rehabilitation is a continuous phenomenon for all those involved and has been explored in this chapter from perspective of social psychology using concepts of social cognitive theory and social identity theory. The chapter illustrates the above through a real clinical scenario and the consequent learning points that were taken back from the experience by the author, her rehab team, and the patients with a disability as a cohort.