Challenging opportunities: When Indian regional music gets online

First Monday ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Third Party ◽  
North India ◽  
Music Downloading ◽  
Local Dialect ◽  
Consumption Practices ◽  
Regional Music ◽  
Game Changer

Along with better connectivity, massive free music downloading and streaming have reached the Himalayan ranges of the Garhwal region (North India) in the 2000s. It has been a game changer for the creation, circulation and consumption practices of Garhwali music, a repertoire sung in the local dialect. MP3s and MP4s are gradually replacing DVDs and CDs on the market, and the economic scenario is comparable to that of national creative industries: a more scattered distribution of content and profits, a tougher competition for visibility. Yet Garhwali music also faces specific challenges due to its topography, high percentage of emigrants and labeling as “regional music”; these challenges can be analyzed ethnographically from the point of view of artists and audiences. Indeed, Garhwali music’s diffusion lies increasingly in the hands of the listeners on one hand, who upload content, circulate it off-line, act as trend setters and make it a matter of collective cultural heritage; and in the hands of bigger third-party players on the other hand, who, like label T-Series, are engaged in a battle against piracy. In such online distribution channels, visibility is the key value and the law is not always the reference for authority or authorship. The situation is dire for most local artists and producers, but strategies are being experimented to take advantage of this new environment.

scholarly journals Creation of Technical Conditions for Use or Infringement – The Meanders of the Warehouse Keeper’s Liability in Light of CJEU Judgment C-567/18 Coty Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Krystyna Szczepanowska-Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Law ◽  
Trademark Use

AbstractOne form of industrial property right infringement is stocking for the purpose of offering or marketing. This form of infringement appears both in EU legal acts on trademarks or designs, as well as in national regulations, including those concerning patents. What is specific to stocking when compared to other activities comprising the stipulated exclusivity of the holder of industrial property rights is the fact that the literal meaning of “stocking” does not explain whether the infringing party or the warehouse keeper is the entity that places the goods in storage. The structure of industrial property rights as absolute rights would theoretically permit the view that the law is violated by both the entity that accepts the goods for storage and the entity that places such goods in storage. To determine if there is an infringement, it must be established what the goods being stocked are further intended for. It is not without significance that the finding of an infringement of industrial property rights does not depend on fault or awareness. From the point of view of the industrial property law regime, it is difficult to find arguments against this understanding of infringement by stocking. Since the offeror of goods infringing industrial property rights may be held liable even if the goods have not yet been manufactured, it is conceivable that the entity accepting such goods for stocking is also liable. This interpretation of the concept of stocking would certainly correspond to the absolute nature of liability for infringement.In a recent judgment the CJEU confirmed that the warehouse keeper who, on behalf of a third party, stores goods which infringe trademark rights only creates the technical conditions for trademark use by this third party provided that the warehouse keeper is not aware of that infringement. The CJEU also confirmed that only the person who decides about the purpose of storing the goods can be treated as an infringer. However, the CJEU did not respond to the question regarding whether the warehouse keeper could be treated as an infringer if it pursues the aims of storing the goods at the request of the entity that put the goods into storage.

A Geomorphological Approach to Geodiversity and Geotourism in Uttarakhand Himalaya, India: A Pilot Survey 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Pande
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
North India ◽  
Tethys Sea ◽  
Geomorphological Heritage ◽  
The World ◽  
Tectonic Boundaries ◽  
Geomorphological Features ◽  
Tectonic Origin ◽  
Uttarakhand Himalaya

<p>Himalaya is the greatest heritage of India. The objective of this paper is to present a view of the geomorphological heritage of the Himalaya.Uttarakhand<strong> </strong>state (77°35’5”-81°2’25” E and 28°43’45”-31°8’18’’N, Area: 53,066 sq.km.)<strong> </strong>lies almost wholly within the realm of the Himalaya and is a distinct geographical entity. The state is a land of vast geological and topographic diversities and a realm with rich geo-wealth and geoheritage. Geological and geomorphological features occurring in different parts of Uttarakhand Himalaya are part of the natural assets and are precious state heritage (geoheritage), worthy of conservation. Apart from rock monuments and fossil parks, geomorphological features or geomorphosites have great potential to exert a pull on tourists. These sites have noteworthy impact on the geoscience education and research. Geotourism is growing rapidly all over the world and Himalaya region is no exception to this. To promote geotourism in the Himalayan State of Uttarakhand, comprehensive information about geomorphosites should be made available to the tourists by way of websites. For this, first a peer-reviewed state inventory of geomorphosites and their classification, mapping and assessment is required. Geodiversity in Uttarakhand State can best be understood in the form of the rise of Himalayan mountains from the bed of Tethys Sea which gave rise to four distinct tectonic units largely varying in lithology and structure. The relief was fragmented into four major morphosculptural units which signify the mountainous part of the state: viz. i. the Tethys zone or the Trans-Himalaya ii. the Greater Himalaya iii. the Lesser Himalaya and iv. the Siwalik. Apart from this mountainous region of the State, there is  outlying region of the state, which incompasses : iv. Bhabhar and Tarai (a sub-montane tract) - a landscape feature along the foothills, v. Dun Valleys – valleys of tectonic origin and vi. Plains of North India - the lowest part in Uttarakhand with an altitude of 200 m. These geological units recognised on the basis of evolutionary history, stratigraphic sequences and component rock units and reveal identical topographic and climatic characteristics. These units are separated by various tectonic boundaries. Apart from geodiversity, the geomorphological diversity can be assessed in the form of towering snow peaks, awe-inspiring horned peaks with natural grandeur, widely distributed stretches of wide and fertile valleys, valleys of tectonic origin-canoe shaped longitudinal valleys, lofty snow capped peak surrounded by several small and big snowfields, glaciers and lakes, mountain passes and  elevated zones packed in a series of multi-level distinctive waterfalls. Thus, being the youngest mountain of the world, this Himalayan State has geotouristic potential from the point of view of its geomorphological heritage.</p><p><strong> </strong><strong>Keywords: </strong>Himalaya<strong>, </strong>geodiversity , geomorphological heritage, geomorphosites, geotourism.  </p>

scholarly journals Reinsurance of Third Party Motor Insurance and Motor Insurance in Finland

1962 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teivo Pentikäinen
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Physical Injuries ◽  
Insurance Cover ◽  
Motor Insurance ◽  
Full Compensation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Risk Limits

The need and extent of reinsurance of third party motor insurance depends fundamentally on the risk limits prescribed in the legislation of the country in question (and on the other hand the legal limits of the compulsory insurance may have been fixed with regard to the reasonable possibilities of the insurers getting reinsurance). There are two kinds of risk limits which are applied in different countries: total limits and individual limits. The former defines the maximum joint indemnity for an accident, paid to all claiments together, and the latter defines the maximum indemnity paid to each claiment separately. From the social point of view limits of this sort are not expedient, especially in regard to physical injuries. Owing to this total limit the indemnity for a single claiment can depend on the number of other claiments, which is quite inadequate from the point of view of the actual need to get insurance cover for injuries. The individual lump sum limit allows full compensation for slight injuries but can cut down the compensation for serious ones, which is an irrational method of settling an indemnity system. Owing to these risk limits motor car drivers may also be held responsible for the extra claims personally on the basis of civil (or criminal) law, which compels them to take an extra third party liability insurance (which often also has risk limits).

scholarly journals Tax Law: Third Party As Payer of Income from Dependent Activity

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-161
Author(s):  
Jana Tepperová ◽  
Lucie Rytířová
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Specific Tax ◽  
Collection Point

Abstract Employment related income paid by a third party (non-employer) has its specific tax treatment. In the Czech Republic, a different approach applies for calculation of personal income tax and obligatory insurance contributions from this income. With the preparation of the Single Collection Point (unifying the collection of personal income tax and obligatory insurance contributions), the question arises whether it is possible to set up unified treatment of this income for all obligatory payments. We provide detailed analyses of this topic from the point of view of the Czech legislation and comparison with selected countries. Further we follow with the discussion of problematic issues in unified treatment for all obligatory payments from this income; such as discrimination and complicated administration. We conclude that even if the national legislation for all obligatory payments from this income would not diff er, there will still be different treatment due to specific international regulations.

scholarly journals CITY ENVIRONMENT AS A NECESSARY CONDITION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVE LIFESTYLE AND ACTIVE TOURISM

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Светлана ХУСНУТДИНОВА ◽  
Svetlana KHUSNUTDINOVA ◽  
Юлия ЗАКИРОВА ◽  
Yuliya ZAKIROVA
Keyword(s):  
Creative Industries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Safe School ◽  
City Environment ◽  
City Culture ◽  
Local Residents

The article is devoted to the study of the possibilities and peculiarities of the city environment from the point of view of providing the necessary conditions for the active city lifestyle and active tourism. Cities are interested in the develop- ment of tourism, as an industry that actively attracts investments in the economy, creating a huge variety of workplaces and selfemployment, contributing to the growth of the tax base, preserving local uniqueness and historical and cultural heritage that stimulates creative industries. Obviously, it is impossible, and it is not necessary to create two different cities – “for tourists” and “for citizens”. It means that infrastructure, including transport, street network, cafes and restaurants, entertainment and shopping centers, parks and embankments are actively used by both citizens and tourists. Moreover tourists are attracted by the same objects and events that are in demand among local residents. Accordingly, the creation of a comfortable, safe, friendly city environment is a prerequisite for development, both in terms of improving the quality of life of citizens and attracting tourists. Cities are interested in diversifying the offer for tourist and should contribute to the formation of material and unmaterial factors for the active tourism development. Material factors include the corresponding infrastructure, high-quality ecological situation and a number of others. Unmaterial factors are formed on the basis of city culture, one of the values of which is the active way of life. Priority should be given to the development of the infrastructure of safe school routes, stimulating active modes of movement in the daily regime, creating accessible and safe areas for various sports and outdoor activities.

Feminisation of Ascetic Celibacy in Haridwar

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 26S-41S
Author(s):  
Mariko Hamaya
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
North India ◽  
Sexual Abstinence

Case studies of male–female ascetic couples in Haridwar in North India complicate the widespread knowledge that male Hindu renouncers are supposed to observe celibacy. Based on extended ethnographic work, this article investigates specifically how female ascetics tackle the dominant androcentric discourses and practise celibacy from a female point of view, focussing on their practice of sevā or spiritual service. The article argues that while female ascetics do not object to the androcentric ideology of celibacy, they follow it only partly, switching their focus from sexual abstinence to devotional sevā. Doing this, female ascetics value controlling emotion more than controlling sexual desire. Through the practice of sevā, they aim for fostering an attitude of devotion as a feminised manifestation of their efforts towards reaching spiritual attainment.

Applications of Internet-Based Marketing Instruments by Multichannel Retailers

2011 ◽  
pp. 284-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Madlberger
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Channels ◽  
The United States ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Online Retailers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
Online Shops ◽  
Related Observation

Online and off-line retailers fulfill a wide range of functions that are beneficial to manufacturers as well as to individual consumers. In doing so, they apply a mix of marketing instruments for their store-based and Internet-based distribution channels. As the Internet offers many different innovative alternatives of marketing instruments, the question arises as to what extent online retailers apply Internet-based marketing strategies in order to attract online customers. The empirical study presented in this chapter aims at finding out to what extent powerful multichannel retailers utilize these different Internet-based marketing instruments. The study is conducted by Web site observation in order to represent the customer’s point of view. A total of 60 online shops in the United States and in the United Kingdom are analyzed using 17 marketing-related observation criteria. The study reveals that the observed multichannel retailers still prefer “traditional” retail marketing instruments on their online shops and often do without innovative Internet-based marketing instruments such as personalization or content and information offering. Additionally, we identified fewer differences between the observed U.S. and UK retailers than expected. These findings should spur further research on the use of e-marketing by online retailers especially in an explanative manner.

The Place of Tulsī dās in North Indian Devotional Tradition

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Allchin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
North India ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
The Past ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Great Body ◽  
Small Measure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

To the outside observer the history of Hindu sectarianism often appears as a disorganized tangle, lacking clarity and precision. The whole process is made if anything more complex by the ill-defined relationship of sect and non-sect. As Renou remarks: Though no statistics are available, even for the present day, we have grounds for supposing that the most active sects were themselves only isolated groups within the great body of believers. From another point of view, however, the history is more understandable. A considerable part of sectarian activity during the past 1,500 years has been concerned with the spread and regional development of a single great devotional movement. Seen from this position, the uniformity and theological coherence of the sects, whether they be called Vaiṣṇavite, Śaivite, or by some other name, is remarkable and often overrides the no less real disparities of doctrine or detail at another level. Again, in this process regional variations have arisen in no small measure as a result of the popular character of the writings of particular saints. Thus, for example, Basava or Purandara Dāsa hold pride of place in the Karnāṭka, the one Vīra Śaiva, the other Vaiṣṇava; in Mahārāṣṇra devotion has in no small part been moulded by the thought of Jāân Dev or Tukā Rām; in the Pañjāb by Nānak; and in the Hindī region by Kabīr Dās, Tulsī Dās, and Sūr Dās. Throughout north India the influences which lay behind the movement were largely, but by no means exclusively, Vaiṣṇavite; yet other streams contributed, Śaivite, Buddhist, Tāntrika, Yogī, etc.

Study on Undergraduate Graduation Design System Reforms in Manufacturing Engineering

2014 ◽  
Vol 484-485 ◽  
pp. 268-271
Author(s):  
Jian Jun Xia ◽  
Fei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Hubei Province ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Century ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Design System ◽  
Creative Industry ◽  
Cultural And Creative Industries

Today, with the economic globalization, the cultural and creative industries boomingly became one of the promising industries with great growing potential recognized internationally in twenty-first Century, can achieve enormous economic benefits and social benefits. Although there are many scholars no matter who are from domestic and abroad undertake discussing from different point of view, there are still many problems and shortcomings, especially in the areas around Beijing and Tianjin, Hubei Province cultural and creative industry also cannot ignore the problems to be solved urgently.

scholarly journals The Gender Issue in Entrepreneurship Activity: the Current Perception of Entrepreneurs

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
A. Kharlamova ◽  
A. Stavytskyy
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Econometric Methods ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Maximum Similarity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gem Data

Today, the issue of gender and equal opportunities for women and men is raised more and more often. That is despite the fact that in developed countries there are very massive feminization trends. Нowever, the development of new technologies, the transition to online life brings gender issues to the fore in the context of new geoeconomic challenges, such as the development of creative industries, digitalization, rising unemployment, growing social and economic inequality. Looking to the future is impossible without understanding the impact of the past. This paper examines three countries, principle economic partners of Ukraine, which had a socialist past, although formed in different socio-cultural vectors, and those that show different rates of development and use different economic models. The working hypothesisis as follows: whether gender entrepreneurship differs in these countries. The database is taken from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitoring (GEM) and investigated using statistical and econometric methods. The results showed that with the maximum similarity of perceptions of entrepreneurs in analyzed countries, the gender difference still exists in the direction of greater entrepreneurial activity of women in the country, which shows higher economic performance today. It should be noted that the main problem and limitation of this study is the source of data, which is based on monitoring, which does not cover all countries of the world, so in particular it does not contain data on Ukraine. In addition, from the point of view of the input data collected by GEM, we have almost equal proportions of surveyed men and women, both in general and those engaged in entrepreneurial activities. But this is not fully representative. Because demographic composition in these countries differs. It is also worth noting that the GEM data is a survey conducted by a trusted institution in the country, which is not fully representative for cross-country comparison.

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