scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF ENTEROPARASITOSES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ATTENDING DAYCARE CENTERS: A SURVEY APPLYING PARASITOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cardoso Goes ◽  
Karina Costa Coelho Gonçalves ◽  
Adriana Pittella Sudré ◽  
Danuza Pinheiro Bastos Garcia Mattos ◽  
Beatriz Brener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Daycare Centers

The present study evaluated the frequency of intestinal parasitoses in children in public day care centers applying parasitological and immunological diagnostic methods. Fecal samples from 121 children from six public daycare centers were analyzed using parasitological techniques. Epidemiological data were obtained through a questionnaire, where parents and / or guardians were asked, for instance, whether the children had contact with soil, ate raw food, such as vegetables or raw or undercooked meat, normally walked around barefoot or had contact with animals. Fecal samples from 82 children were also tested for Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium sp. coproantigen using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which was also used for Entamoeba coproantigen detection only in samples that tested positive for the parasite by parasitological stool exam/optical microscopy. Intestinal parasite infection was noted in 23.1% (28/121) of the children. The most frequent parasite was Giardia intestinalis (13.2%), followed by Entamoeba coli (5.8%), Blastocystis spp. (1.7%), Endolimax nana (1.7%), Enterobius vermicularis (1.7%), Cystoisospora belli (0.8%),Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar complex (0.8%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (0.8%). Positivity for parasite infection using parasitological stool exams was significantly associated with age groups, with a higher frequency in 4 to 6 year old children (p=0.03). No association or significant variations were noted in the prevalence of intestinal parasites in relation to the epidemiological variables studied. All samples were negative for Cryptosporidium sp. and Entamoeba histolytica detected by immunological testing, and 17.1% (14/82) children tested positive for Giardia intestinalis, although using parasitological exam/optical microscopy, only 14.6% (12/82) tested positive. The high incidence of intestinal parasites, especially protozoans, suggests probable interpersonal transmission among the children, environmental contamination, or even contaminated food/water intake. Thus, consolidation of preventive measures and efficient diagnostic resources as well as control of intestinal parasites and patient treatment are of utmost importance.

Comparison of parasitological, immunological and molecular methods for evaluation of fecal samples of immunosuppressed rats experimentally infected with Strongyloides venezuelensis

Parasitology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 142 (14) ◽  
pp. 1715-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEILANE A. CHAVES ◽  
ANA LÚCIA R. GONÇALVES ◽  
FABIANA M. PAULA ◽  
NEIDE. M. SILVA ◽  
CLÁUDIO V. SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Infection Time ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Strongyloides Venezuelensis

SUMMARYDefinitive diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in humans is typically achieved by detection of larvae in fecal samples. However, limitations on sensitivity of parasitological methods emphasize the need for more robust diagnostic methods. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of three methods: eggs per gram of feces (EPG), coproantigen detection by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and DNA detection by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The assays were performed at 0 and 5, 8, 13, 21 and 39 days post-infection (dpi) using fecal samples from experimentally infected immunocompetent and immunosuppressed rats. In immunocompetent rats, eggs were detected in feces on days 5, 8 and 13 dpi; coproantigen detection and PCR amplification were successful at all post-infection time points (5, 8, 13, 21 and 39 dpi). In immunosuppressed rats, eggs were detected at 5, 8, 13 and 21; coproantigen detection and PCR amplification were successful at all post-infection time points. In conclusion, these results suggest that coproantigen detection and PCR may be more sensitive alternatives to traditional methods such as EPG for diagnosis of Strongyloides venezuelensis infection.

scholarly journals Personal hygiene practices and socio-economic conditions as influential factors for intestinal parasitic infection in Dhaka city dwellers

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
Md Aminul Islam Bhuiyan ◽  
Zannatun Nahar Jhinu ◽  
Jaliluzzaman ◽  
Mandira Mukutmoni
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Hygiene Practices

A total of 200 stool samples were examined and five species of intestinal parasites were identified. Two of them were protozoans (Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis) and the rest of which three species were nematode parasites (Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloids stercoralis). The overall prevalence of parasitic infection was 50%. Individually the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Trichuris trichiura and Strongyloids stercoralis was 25%, 13%, 6%, 3.5% and 2.5%, respectively. Patients of different age and sex had a variable degree of infection. Children aged under ten years showed the highest prevalence (73.97%) compared to other groups. Accordingly, male patients were found slightly more susceptible to the infection (50.38%) compared to the female (49.29%). People belonging to different occupation and educational qualification had various degree of infection. As expected patients who had no education and poor monthly income, showed the highest prevalence of infection, 77.77% and 90%, respectively. Personal hygiene practices of the patients had much influence on the parasitic prevalence and rate of infection. Respectively 58.82%, 91.42%, 80% and 63.55% prevalence were found among the patients who used to drink unsafe water, wash hands without soap, stay barefooted most of the time and do not trim their nails regularly. The present study supposed to reveal that socioeconomic conditions and behavioral factors may influence the prevalence of parasitic infections. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 129-136, 2019

scholarly journals Intestinal Parasites and Fecal Cortisol Metabolites in Multi-Unowned-Cat Environments: The Impact of Housing Conditions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1300
Author(s):  
Xavier Blasco ◽  
Xavier Manteca ◽  
Manel López-Béjar ◽  
Anaïs Carbajal ◽  
Joaquim Castellà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Cortisol ◽  
Enclosure Size ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cortisol Metabolites

Housing conditions were assessed in different unowned multi-cat management models in order to evaluate their impact on the occurrence of intestinal parasites and fecal cortisol metabolite (FCM) levels. Fresh stool fecal samples were collected from rescue shelters, catteries and feline colonies for coprological analyses in order to detect intestinal parasite patency and fecal cortisol metabolites. A questionnaire provided information about the facilities, management and housing conditions of cats, including information about dog exposure, enclosure size, environment enrichment and changes to group composition. Overall, intestinal parasite infection was detected in 58.2% of fecal samples collected. The occurrence of intestinal parasites detected in free-roaming cats was 82.2%, mainly due to helminth infection. The parasite infection rate was 57.3% in rescue shelters and 34.6% in catteries. In confined cats, protozoa infection was more likely detected in rescue shelters than in catteries (RR = 2.02 (1.30–3.14), p = 0.0012). Although the FCM values were very variable between cats, the enclosure size and parasite infection were correlated with the average FCM. A small enclosure size was correlated with high fecal cortisol metabolites (p = 0.016). Protozoa-positive samples showed higher FCM levels than negative samples (p = 0.0150). High dog exposure was statistically associated with protozoa infection (p = 0.0006). The results indicated that improving housing, especially in terms of floor space and avoiding dog exposure, reduces stress and can thus be applied to make control strategies in multi-unowned-cat environments more efficient, especially when cats are confined.

scholarly journals Salmonella Dublin associated with abortion in dairy cattle in Algiers and comparison of different diagnostic methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-222
Author(s):  
Dj Hezil ◽  
S. Zaidi ◽  
H. Benseghir ◽  
R. Zineddine ◽  
N. Benamrouche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Salmonella Dublin ◽  
Immunological Analysis ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Bacteriological Test

Background: In cattle, many serotypes of Salmonella enterica are responsible for a wide variety of clinical manifestations, which can cause considerable economic loss. Some serotypes can cause cows to abort sporadically, such as the Dublin serotype. This study was carried out on different cattle farms in the Algiers region to determine the prevalence of Salmonella Dublin using bacteriological and immunological methods.Methodology: The prevalence of Salmonella was determined by bacteriological analysis in accordance with the reference method AFNOR NF U 47-100 on faecal samples collected from 184 cattle belonging to 19 different farms, and serotyping for S. Dublin. Immunological analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for S. Dublin was carried out on milk samples collected from 91 cattle. A survey of case (n=5) and control (n=14) farms for comparative analysis was performed to demonstrate a link between abortion in cows and prevalence of S. Dublin with both bacteriological and immunological methods. Sensitivity, specificity, Cohen Kappa coefficient, McNemar test odds ratios, and confidence intervals were calculated using Winepiscope 2.0 and StatA 9.1 software,and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The bacteriological results showed a prevalence of 7.6% (95%CI: 3-10), for Salmonella and serotyping revealed a prevalence for S. Dublin of 2.7%. The immunological analysis of milk by the ELISA technique revealed a prevalence of 13.2% (95%CI: 5-20) for S. Dublin. The comparative study between immunological results from milk and bacteriological results from faeces for detecting S. Dublin  showed poor agreement between the two tests (k=0.25), with enzyme immunoassay being significantly more sensitive than the bacteriological test (p<0.05). The results of the survey did not demonstrate a clear association between bacteriological detection of S. Dublin in faeces and abortion in cows (OR=8.66, 95%CI: 0.58-130.12). However, with the immunological analysis of milk for S. Dublin, there was a significant positive association (OR=62.33, 95%CI: 2.13-18.22) between a positive antibody response to S. Dublin in milk and the presence of abortions on the farm.Conclusion: In view of these results, we can conclude that Salmonella infections should systematically feature in the differential diagnosis of abortions in dairy cattle in Algeria. Keywords: S. Dublin, cattle, faeces, milk, abortion, immunology, bacteriology, Algiers

scholarly journals Occurrence of intestinal parasites among the teachers, students and staffs of Dhaka University

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Farzana Rahman ◽  
Rimi Farhana Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Trichuris Trichiura ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intestinal Protozoa

The present study was conducted to find out the incidence of the intestinal parasites and their prevalence among the teachers, students and staffs of University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study revealed that the prevalence of intestinal protozoa and helminth parasites are common among the outdoor patients of University of Dhaka. A total of 350 stool samples was examined in the Pathology department of Medical Center of University of Dhaka from June 2009 to May 2010, four species of intestinal parasites were identified of which two species were protozoa (Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis) and two species were nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). The overall prevalence of infestation was 23.14% where Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were found as 4.86%, 3.71%, 11.14% and 3.43% respectively. Highest prevalence was recorded in Ascaris lumbricoides (11.14%) and the seasonal pattern showed that highest (30%) prevalence occurred in rainy season and lowest (17.19%) in winter season. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was higher in female (30.56%) than in male (22.29%). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v39i2.17863 J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 39(2): 239-246, December 2013

scholarly journals Intestinal Parasitic Infestation among the Outdoor Patients of Dhaka University Medical Centre, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamida Khanum ◽  
Md Mizanur Rahman ◽  
Md Hafiz Uddin ◽  
Shahela Alam ◽  
Fatema Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Patient ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Ascaris Lumbricoides ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Parasitic Infestation ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Stool Samples

In the present study, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation was investigatedamong the outdoor patients including teacher, student and staff of the Dhaka University treated atDhaka University Medical Centre. A total of 380 stool samples were examined. Four species ofintestinal parasites were identified, two protozoans (Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia intestinalis)and two nematodes (Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura). The prevalence of parasiticinfestation was 24.73%. The prevalence of E. histolytica was 3.95%, G. intestinalis 6.31%,A. lumbricoides 11.84% and T. trichiura 2.63%. The prevalence was higher in case of staff(32.31%) and lower in case of teacher (13.16%). Highest prevalence observed during the rainyseason (29.3%) and lowest in winter (19.4%). Female patient showed higher prevalence (31.25%)compared to male (24.14%). The rate of infection was higher (28.3%) among the patients, whoused to drink unboiled water. The present study revealed that parasitic infection among the outdoorpatients of Dhaka University Medical Centre is alarmingly high.Key words: Dhaka University Medical Centre; intestinal parasites; outdoor patientsDOI: 10.3329/ujzru.v28i0.5285Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 28, 2010 pp. 45-49

scholarly journals Prevalence of intestinal parasites and molecular characterization of Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis spp. and Entamoeba histolytica in the village of Fortín Mbororé (Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto Candela ◽  
Carolina Goizueta ◽  
M. Victoria Periago ◽  
Carla Muñoz-Antoli
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fecal Matter ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract Background Intestinal parasites (IPs) are widely distributed worldwide and are one of the major contributors to gastrointestinal disease. Their prevalence is associated with poor access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of IPs, including soil-transmitted helminths (STH), and their relation to socioeconomic characteristics, as well as a first approach to molecularly characterize the types of Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis spp. and Entamoeba histolytica present in an indigenous community from Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural settlement of Fortin Mbororé between January and March 2018. Socioeconomic variables, household characteristics, and stool and blood samples were collected. Standard coprological techniques were used to analyze stool samples, and a complete hemogram was performed on the blood samples. Giardia intestinalis microscopy-positive samples were genetically typed by the β-giardin (bg) gene. Molecular identification of Blastocystis spp. subtypes and E. histolytica were carried out by amplification and sequencing of a partial fragment of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA). Results The overall prevalence of IPs was 92.7%, with 72.0% specifically for hookworm. IPs were significantly more prevalent in preschool- and school-age children (P < 0.05). No formal education (P = 0.035), the presence of unimproved floors (P = 0.001) and overcrowding (P = 0.005) were significantly associated with IP infection. Hookworm was associated with anemia (P = 0.019). Molecular characterization revealed the presence of E. histolytica sub-assemblages AII (12.5%), AIII (87.5%) and BIV (100%); one case of sub-assemblage D for G. intestinalis; and the presence of subtypes ST1 (14.8%), ST2 (14.8%) and ST3 (70.4%) of Blastocystis spp. Conclusions Protozoans detected in this study are transmitted mainly through water contaminated with fecal matter, evidencing the need to improve the quality of water and sanitation for the inhabitants of Fortín Mbororé. Molecular characterization showed that domestic animals can be implicated in the zoonotic transmission of G. intestinalis and Blastocystis spp. to humans. A hyperendemic area for STH was found, with hookworm prevalence greater than 50%. Therefore, improvements in WASH as well as mass deworming programs need to be implemented in this area to control and decrease the prevalence of IPs in general and STH in particular. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals HELICOBACTER PYLORI DIAGNOSTIC METHODS

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
N.A. Turbabina ◽  
◽  
M.S. Maksimova ◽  
E.V. Stepanova ◽  
A.V. Kondrashin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Working Age ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacteriosis is one of the most urgent problems of gastroenterology, and due to the fact that the frequency of H. pylori infection is progressively increasing, this disease is increasingly being detected in people of young working age. The development of algorithms for early and accurate diagnosis of helicobacteriosis can improve the quality of treatment and follow-up of this category of patients. To date, in medical practice, H. pylori is detected using bacteriological, histological (immunohistological), molecular genetic, biochemical and immunological methods (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunochromatographic rapid test), each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.

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