scholarly journals Salmonella Dublin associated with abortion in dairy cattle in Algiers and comparison of different diagnostic methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-222
Author(s):  
Dj Hezil ◽  
S. Zaidi ◽  
H. Benseghir ◽  
R. Zineddine ◽  
N. Benamrouche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Salmonella Dublin ◽  
Immunological Analysis ◽  
Salmonella Infections ◽  
Bacteriological Test

Background: In cattle, many serotypes of Salmonella enterica are responsible for a wide variety of clinical manifestations, which can cause considerable economic loss. Some serotypes can cause cows to abort sporadically, such as the Dublin serotype. This study was carried out on different cattle farms in the Algiers region to determine the prevalence of Salmonella Dublin using bacteriological and immunological methods.Methodology: The prevalence of Salmonella was determined by bacteriological analysis in accordance with the reference method AFNOR NF U 47-100 on faecal samples collected from 184 cattle belonging to 19 different farms, and serotyping for S. Dublin. Immunological analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for S. Dublin was carried out on milk samples collected from 91 cattle. A survey of case (n=5) and control (n=14) farms for comparative analysis was performed to demonstrate a link between abortion in cows and prevalence of S. Dublin with both bacteriological and immunological methods. Sensitivity, specificity, Cohen Kappa coefficient, McNemar test odds ratios, and confidence intervals were calculated using Winepiscope 2.0 and StatA 9.1 software,and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The bacteriological results showed a prevalence of 7.6% (95%CI: 3-10), for Salmonella and serotyping revealed a prevalence for S. Dublin of 2.7%. The immunological analysis of milk by the ELISA technique revealed a prevalence of 13.2% (95%CI: 5-20) for S. Dublin. The comparative study between immunological results from milk and bacteriological results from faeces for detecting S. Dublin  showed poor agreement between the two tests (k=0.25), with enzyme immunoassay being significantly more sensitive than the bacteriological test (p<0.05). The results of the survey did not demonstrate a clear association between bacteriological detection of S. Dublin in faeces and abortion in cows (OR=8.66, 95%CI: 0.58-130.12). However, with the immunological analysis of milk for S. Dublin, there was a significant positive association (OR=62.33, 95%CI: 2.13-18.22) between a positive antibody response to S. Dublin in milk and the presence of abortions on the farm.Conclusion: In view of these results, we can conclude that Salmonella infections should systematically feature in the differential diagnosis of abortions in dairy cattle in Algeria. Keywords: S. Dublin, cattle, faeces, milk, abortion, immunology, bacteriology, Algiers

scholarly journals The results of daily monitoring of salivary pepsin levels in young children with regurgitation syndrome

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
S.I. Ilchenko ◽  
◽  
T.V. Mozheiko ◽  
А.О. Fialkovska ◽  
N.V. Mishina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Daily Monitoring

Regurgitation syndrome in infants is one of the manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GER), which can be both an age-related physiological condition and pathological one with the risk of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) developing. Differential diagnosis of GERD in infants and young children is difficult due to invasiveness and low availability of the recommended diagnostic methods, in particular esophageal pH3metry. Today, the search for new non-invasive and simple, but sensitive and specific, methods for diagnosing GERD in pediatric practice is relevant and promising. Purpose — to determine the dynamic patterns of the salivary pepsin level in young children within the framework of daily monitoring and depending on the clinical manifestations of regurgitation. Materials and methods. 55 children from 3 to 18 months were examined, among them was 38 children with visible regurgitation syndrome and 17 healthy children without clinical manifestations of the regurgitation syndrome. The intensity of regurgitation was assessed using a five-point scale «ESPGHAN». A reflux questionnaire was used for screening diagnostics of pathological GER in children. Salivary pepsin level was determined three times a day by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA pepsin). Statistical processing was performed using «Statistica v.6.1» software package. Results. Regurgitation syndrome was registered in all children of the main group according to their current complaints. The results of reflux questionnaire showed the following data: half of the children (52.6%) had no signs of GER, possible reflux was revealed in 31.6% of children, and probable reflux was revealed in 15.8% of children. The results of daily monitoring of salivary pepsin level in infants showed that it was significantly higher in children with regurgitation than in control group, both in terms of average daily values and intermediate values. It was found that the maximum pepsin activity in children was immediately after regurgitation. There were no significant differences between the three saliva samples and the average daily pepsin index in the children of the main group, which may indicate the presence of latent episodes of reflux during the day. Сhildren with a high risk of GERD according to the reflux questionnaire had significantly higher values of salivary pepsin on an empty stomach and its average daily level, which has sufficient specificity and predictive value according to the ROC analysis results. Conclusions. Determination of salivary pepsin levels in infants can be included in screening noninvasive tests for the GER diagnosis. The use of these tests to predict the risk of extraesophageal damage requires further study. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: regurgitation, GER, GERD, pepsin, children.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF ENTEROPARASITOSES IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN ATTENDING DAYCARE CENTERS: A SURVEY APPLYING PARASITOLOGICAL AND IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Gabriela Cardoso Goes ◽  
Karina Costa Coelho Gonçalves ◽  
Adriana Pittella Sudré ◽  
Danuza Pinheiro Bastos Garcia Mattos ◽  
Beatriz Brener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Giardia Intestinalis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Daycare Centers

The present study evaluated the frequency of intestinal parasitoses in children in public day care centers applying parasitological and immunological diagnostic methods. Fecal samples from 121 children from six public daycare centers were analyzed using parasitological techniques. Epidemiological data were obtained through a questionnaire, where parents and / or guardians were asked, for instance, whether the children had contact with soil, ate raw food, such as vegetables or raw or undercooked meat, normally walked around barefoot or had contact with animals. Fecal samples from 82 children were also tested for Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium sp. coproantigen using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) which was also used for Entamoeba coproantigen detection only in samples that tested positive for the parasite by parasitological stool exam/optical microscopy. Intestinal parasite infection was noted in 23.1% (28/121) of the children. The most frequent parasite was Giardia intestinalis (13.2%), followed by Entamoeba coli (5.8%), Blastocystis spp. (1.7%), Endolimax nana (1.7%), Enterobius vermicularis (1.7%), Cystoisospora belli (0.8%),Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar complex (0.8%), and Ascaris lumbricoides (0.8%). Positivity for parasite infection using parasitological stool exams was significantly associated with age groups, with a higher frequency in 4 to 6 year old children (p=0.03). No association or significant variations were noted in the prevalence of intestinal parasites in relation to the epidemiological variables studied. All samples were negative for Cryptosporidium sp. and Entamoeba histolytica detected by immunological testing, and 17.1% (14/82) children tested positive for Giardia intestinalis, although using parasitological exam/optical microscopy, only 14.6% (12/82) tested positive. The high incidence of intestinal parasites, especially protozoans, suggests probable interpersonal transmission among the children, environmental contamination, or even contaminated food/water intake. Thus, consolidation of preventive measures and efficient diagnostic resources as well as control of intestinal parasites and patient treatment are of utmost importance.

scholarly journals HELICOBACTER PYLORI DIAGNOSTIC METHODS

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
N.A. Turbabina ◽  
◽  
M.S. Maksimova ◽  
E.V. Stepanova ◽  
A.V. Kondrashin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Working Age ◽  
H Pylori

Helicobacteriosis is one of the most urgent problems of gastroenterology, and due to the fact that the frequency of H. pylori infection is progressively increasing, this disease is increasingly being detected in people of young working age. The development of algorithms for early and accurate diagnosis of helicobacteriosis can improve the quality of treatment and follow-up of this category of patients. To date, in medical practice, H. pylori is detected using bacteriological, histological (immunohistological), molecular genetic, biochemical and immunological methods (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunochromatographic rapid test), each of which has its own advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Seroprevalence and Sera Neutralizing Activity in MEXICO: A National Cross-Sectional Study during 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
José Esteban Muñoz-Medina ◽  
Concepción Grajales-Muñiz ◽  
Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais ◽  
Larissa Fernandes-Matano ◽  
Constantino López-Macías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neutralizing Activity

Until recently, the incidence of COVID-19 was primarily estimated using molecular diagnostic methods. However, the number of cases is vastly underreported using these methods. Seroprevalence studies estimate cumulative infection incidences and allow monitoring of transmission dynamics, and the presence of neutralizing antibodies in the population. In February 2020, the Mexican Social Security Institute began conducting anonymous unrelated sampling of residual sera from specimens across the country, excluding patients with fever within the previous two weeks and/or patients with an acute respiratory infection. Sampling was carried out weekly and began 17 days before Mexico’s first officially confirmed case. The 24,273 sera obtained were analyzed by chemiluminescent-linked immunosorbent assay (CLIA) IgG S1/S2 and, later, positive cases using this technique were also analyzed to determine the rate of neutralization using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We identified 40 CLIA IgG positive cases before the first official report of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mexico. The national seroprevalence was 3.5% in February and 33.5% in December. Neutralizing activity among IgG positives patients during overall study period was 86.1%. The extent of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mexico is 21 times higher than that reported by molecular techniques. Although the general population is still far from achieving herd immunity, epidemiological indicators should be re-estimated based on serological studies of this type.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies against H7 avian influenza virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Hongliu Ye ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
Suquan Song ◽  
Jin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Avian Influenza Virus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Antibody Concentration

Abstract Background H7 subtype avian influenza has caused great concern in the global poultry industry and public health. The conventional serological subtype-specific diagnostics is implemented by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay despite lengthy operation time. In this study, an efficient, rapid and high-throughput competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was developed for detection of antibodies against H7 avian influenza virus (AIV) based on a novel monoclonal antibody specific to the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of H7 AIV. Results The reaction parameters including antigen coating concentration, monoclonal antibody concentration and serum dilution ratio were optimized for H7 antibody detection. The specificity of the cELISA was tested using antisera against H1 ~ H9, H11 ~ H14 AIVs and other avian viruses. The selected cut-off values of inhibition rates for chicken, duck and peacock sera were 30.11, 26.85 and 45.66% by receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, respectively. With HI test as the reference method, the minimum detection limits for chicken, duck and peacock positive serum reached 20, 21 and 2− 1 HI titer, respectively. Compared to HI test, the diagnostic accuracy reached 100, 98.6, and 99.3% for chicken, duck and peacock by testing a total of 400 clinical serum samples, respectively. Conclusions In summary, the cELISA assay developed in this study provided a reliable, specific, sensitive and species-independent serological technique for rapid detection of H7 antibody, which was applicable for large-scale serological surveillance and vaccination efficacy evaluation programs.

scholarly journals Occurrence of abortions induced by Neospora caninum in dairy cattle from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Augusto Barbosa de Macedo ◽  
Madlaine Frigo Silveira Barbosa de Macedo ◽  
Ana Carolina Miura ◽  
Alessandra Taroda ◽  
Sergio Tosi Cardim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of N. caninum associated with abortions of dairy cattle from Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood from dairy cows that aborted along with intrathoracic fluid and tissue samples (brain, heart, liver, and lung) from their fetuses were collected and used for serology; PCR, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluations were also conducted. Twenty-one cows (51.2%) out of 41, and eight fetuses (26.7%) out of 30 were ELISA (HerdCheck, IDEXX) positive for N. caninum. Dams > 36 months of age had a higher risk of being serum positive than younger animals. PCR and IHC revealed that 38.8% (14/36) and 25.0% (9/36) of the fetuses were positive for N. caninum, respectively for each of the tests. Seropositive cows had a higher frequency of fetuses that were also positive by either intrathoracic fluid, PCR, or IHC. In summary, the present study observed a high frequency of N. caninum in abortions from dairy cows from southern Brazil, with a higher N. caninum prevalence found in cows that were older than 36 months. In addition, serology, PCR, and IHC should be used all together for better diagnosis of neosporosis in cattle.

Plasma checkpoint protein 1 (Chk1) as a potential diagnostic biomarker for opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Teva Phanaksri ◽  
Yodying Yingchutrakul ◽  
Sittiruk Roytrakul ◽  
Sattrachai Prasopdee ◽  
Anthicha Kunjantarachot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Protein Network ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Checkpoint Protein ◽  
Venn Diagrams ◽  
Network Prediction ◽  
Candidate Protein ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

BACKGROUND: Patients infected with a parasite often develop opisthorchiasis viverrini, which often progresses into cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) due to the asymptomatic nature of the infection. Currently, there are no effective diagnostic methods for opisthorchiasis or cholangiocarcinoma. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the host-responsive protein that can be developed as a diagnostic biomarker of opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS: Plasma samples were collected from non-OVCCA, OV, and CCA subjects, and the proteomes were investigated by LC-MS/MS. Venn diagrams and protein network prediction by STITCH were used to identify the potential biomarkers. The level of candidate protein, the plasma checkpoint protein 1 (Chk1), was measured by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Chk1 was present in the center of the protein network analysis in both the OV and CCA groups. In addition, the plasma Chk1 levels were significantly increased in both groups (P< 0.05). The sensitivity of the opisthorchiasis viverrini and cholangiocarcinoma was 59.38% and 65.62%, respectively, while the specificity of both was 85.71%. CONCLUSION: Chk1 was identified by differential plasma proteomes and was increased in O. viverrini-infected and cholangiocarcinoma-derived plasma samples. Higher levels of plasma Chk1 levels may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Systematic Literature Review on Burden of Clostridioides difficile Infection in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 2632010X2110138
Author(s):  
Canna J Ghia ◽  
Shaumil Waghela ◽  
Gautam S Rambhad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
North India ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
The Impact

Background: Owing to limited diagnostic facilities and surveillance protocols, there is a paucity on the prevalence data of Clostridioides difficile infections (CDIs) in developing countries such as India. Objective: The aims of these studies are (1) to determine the prevalence of CDI in India, (2) to understand the risk factors of CDI, and (3) to determine the impact of different diagnostic methods on reported CDI rates. Method: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar database to identify Indian studies reporting the prevalence of CDI. A total of 31 studies, published between 1990 and 2020 were included in the final analysis. A chi-square test was used to determine statistically significant association between prevalence rates, accuracy of different diagnosis methods, and antibiotic usage rates of CDI. Results: The prevalence of CDI was in the range of 3.4% to 18%, and the difference between regional prevalence of CDI was statistically significant ( P < .001). The use of antibiotics, hospital stay, comorbidities, recent surgery, and the use of proton-pump inhibitors was considered as risk factors for the development of CDI. Compared to other regions, the rate of antibiotic usage was significantly higher in North India ( P < .001). Among different diagnostic methods, C. difficile detection was significantly higher with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (18.02%) versus other multiple testing methods used ( P < .001). Conclusion: There is a significant burden of CDI across the country. Further surveillance studies are required to monitor changes in prevalence of CDI, risk factors, and accuracy of diagnosis methods for a better understanding of the disease burden in India.

Instrumental diagnosis of cholesterol polyps of the gallbladder

2022 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Vladimirovich Nikolaev ◽  
◽  
Aleksandra Sergeevna Gavrilova ◽  
Elena Olegovna Grozina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Dominant Form

Gallbladder polyposis is a common pathology, the detection of which has increased significantly in recent years. The dominant form of this disease is cholesterol pseudopolyps, mainly found inwomen. Clinical manifestations of gallbladder cholesterol polyps are nonspecific,which presents certain difficulties in diagnosis.Ultrasonography is one of themost informative and accessible instrumental diagnostic methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document