scholarly journals Maturity mismatching, ethics and economics: Rejoinder to Bagus, Howden and Huerta de Soto

2017 ◽  
pp. 51-81
Author(s):  
Walter E. Block ◽  
William Barnett II
Keyword(s):  
Jel Classification ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Free Society ◽  
Ethics And Economics ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Maturity Mismatching ◽  
Opposite Point ◽  
The Law ◽  
Ethics Law

Is maturity mismatching, borrowing short and lending long, merely risky, or would it be banned in the free society as a rights violation? The pres-ent paper is the latest episode in a debate series on this issue. The present authors take the position it is unethical and should be against the law. Our debating partners subscribe to the opposite point of view. Keywords: Banking, lending, ethics, law. JEL Classification: E2, E59, P16. Resumen: ¿Es el descalce de plazos, es decir, endeudarse a corto y prestar a largo plazo, simplemente arriesgado, o estaría prohibido en una sociedad libre como una violación de derechos? El presente artículo es el último episodio de una serie de debates sobre este tema. Los presentes autores toman la posi-ción de que no es ético y debería estar en contra de la ley. Nuestros compañe-ros en el debate mantienen el punto de vista contrario. Palabras clave: Banca, préstamos, ética, Derecho. Clasificación JEL: E2, E59, P16.

scholarly journals Escuela austríaca de economía y principios de antropología cristiana

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-197
Author(s):  
Fabian Lair
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Teaching ◽  
Dynamic Efficiency ◽  
Free Society ◽  
Christian Anthropology ◽  
Traditional Morality ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Economic Thinking

The election of Pope Francis reanimated the intellectual debate about capitalism and socialism in the Catholic Church. This paper starts from this discus­ sion in order to analyze the economic thinking of the Austrian School in relation to Christian anthropology. It defends capitalism considering the fundamental principles of a free society and the institutional poliarchy. Following Hayek this paper refutes the critics of socialism toward traditional morality. Finally, it defends the point of view that Christianism and socialism are incompatible. Keywords: capitalism, socialism, dynamic efficiency, Catholic Social Teaching, morality. JEL Classification: B53, H11, P17, Z12 Resumen: Con la elección del papa Francisco se ha reavivado el debate intelec­ tual sobre capitalismo y socialismo en el seno de la Iglesia Católica. El presente artículo parte de esta discusión para analizar el pensamiento económico de la Escuela Austríaca en relación con la antropología cristiana. Defiende el capita­ lismo teniendo en cuenta los principios fundamentales de una sociedad libre y la poliarquía institucional. Asimismo —siguiendo a Hayek— refuta la crítica del socialismo a la moral tradicional. Finalmente defiende la incompatibilidad del cristianismo con el socialismo. Palabras clave: capitalismo, socialismo, eficiencia dinámica, Doctrina Social de la Iglesia, moral. Clasificación JEL: B53, H11, P17, Z12.

scholarly journals EN DEFENSA DEL EURO: UN ENFOQUE AUSTRIACO (Con una crítica a los errores del B.C.E. y al intervencionismo de Bruselas)

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-49
Author(s):  
Jesús Huerta de Soto
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Austrian Economics ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Flexible Exchange Rates ◽  
The Welfare State

This paper defends the Euro from the point of view of Austrian Economics. Folloming Mises and Hayek it demonstrates the Euro is acting as a proxy of the gold standard disciplining polititians and putting a limit to the growth of the welfare state. Key words: Gold standard, fixed and flexible exchange rates, welfare state crisis, competition among monetary areas, keynesianism, monetarism, Austrian School. JEL Classification: N15, N45, O53, P11, X10. Resumen: En este artículo se efectúa una defensa del euro desde el punto de vista de la Escuela Austriaca. Partiendo de Mises y Hayek, se demuestra que el euro, para sorpresa de sus fundadores, está actuando como un proxy del patrón oro, capaz de disciplinar a los políticos y de limitar el estado de bienestar. Palabras clave: Patrón oro, tipos de cambio fijos y flexibles, crisis del estado del bienestar, competencia entre áreas monetarias, Escuela Austriaca, keynesianismo, monetarismo. Clasificación JEL: N15, N45, O53, P11, X10.

scholarly journals Una aproximación praxeológica a la energía

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-149
Author(s):  
Antonio España Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Human Action ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good Energy ◽  
Economic Good ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
Point Of Departure

This paper analyses both, the physical concept of Energy and its applications, from the point of view of the Human Action, or Praxeology. In this task, the author applies the analytical toolbox developed by the Austrian School of Economics. In order to make the analysis comprehensible, this paper first develops the concept of Energy from an Ontological and Scientific perspective, and then offers a brief history of its utilisation by the human being to achieve his goals. Once established the point of departure, energy is characterised as the ultimate economic good of superior order, demonstrating the importance of the dynamic efficiency in its study. The close ties with the wealth of nations is also demonstrated, as it is the relevance of its role in all stages of the production process. Key words: Energy and Economics, Energy and Praxeology, History of Energy concept, History of Energy applications, Energy as an economic good, Energy and Wealth. JEL Classification: A12, B53, N50, N70, Q4, Q40. Resumen: El presente artículo analiza el concepto físico y práctico de energía desde la perspectiva de la acción humana o praxeológica, aplicando en esta tarea el instrumental analítico desarrollado por la escuela austriaca de economía. Para hacer comprensible el análisis, el trabajo desarrolla con anterioridad el concepto de la energía desde el punto de vista ontológico y científico, así como ofrece un breve bosquejo histórico de su utilización por el ser humano para lograr sus metas. Una vez sentadas las bases para un entendimiento común, el artículo justifica la consideración de la energía como el bien económico de orden superior por excelencia, demuestra la importancia de la eficiencia dinámica en su estudio, muestra su estrecha relación con la riqueza de las naciones y la importancia de su papel en las etapas del proceso productivo. Palabras clave: Energía y economía, energía y praxeología, historia del concepto de energía, historia de la aplicación práctica de la energía, energía como bien económico, energía y riqueza. Clasificación JEL: A12, B53, N50, N70, Q4, Q40.

scholarly journals El dilema de John Stuart Mill

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Cristián Larroulet Philippi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
A Priori ◽  
John Stuart Mill ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Internal Contradiction ◽  
Empirical Point ◽  
David Ricardo

This paper discusses the idea that John Stuart Mill supported two intellectual positions which are considered to be contradictory. On one hand, he proposed a radical empiricist epistemology in his System of Logic. On the other hand, Mill defended David Ricardo’s Political Economy, fairly criticized in its time from an empirical point of view. This paper argues that there is no internal contradiction in Mill, as he believes that the method used in Political Economy (criticized for being a priori) is necessary because of the difficulties that rise due to the nature of the study object. Furthermore, Mill suggests that it is the only possible method that social sciences may use. Key words: J.S. Mill, economic methodology, epistemology. JEL Classification: B12, B41. Resumen: Este artículo discute la idea de que John Stuart Mill mantuvo dos posiciones intelectuales consideradas como contradictorias. Por un lado, él propuso una epistemología radicalmente empirista en su System of Logic. Por el otro, Mill defendió la Economía Política de David Ricardo, bastante criticada desde una perspectiva empírica en su momento. Este artículo argumenta que no hay contradicción interna en Mill, ya que él postula que el método usado por la Economía Política (criticado por su apriorismo) es necesario debido a las dificultades propias del objeto de estudio. Incluso, Mill sostiene que ese es el único método posible para las ciencias sociales. Palabras clave: J.S. Mill, metodología económica, epistemología. Clasificación JEL: B12, B41.

scholarly journals An explanation of current business innovation processes from the point of view of the Austrian School of Economics

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-241
Author(s):  
Joaquín Azpitarte
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Austrian School ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Business Innovation ◽  
Austrian School Of Economics ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Clear Identification ◽  
Innovation Processes

The main objective of this article is to show how the Austrian School of Economics, based on solid theoretical principles, anticipated, through its main exponents, how the innovation processes, that we are currently experiencing, would develop. The clear identification of current phenomena with the “Austrian” doctrine is the greatest evidence of the full validity of these ideas. We will show, in a non-exhaustive way, how its application to the day-to-day innovation and improvement of processes and products is constant. This article is therefore an exercise in empirical illustration that could lead to future academic work. Keywords: innovation, business culture, business management, business performance, Austrian School of Economics JEL classification: O31, M14, M10, L25, B25 Resumen: El presente artículo tiene como objetivo principal mostrar cómo la Escuela Austriaca de Economía, fundamentada en unos sólidos principios teóricos, anticipó a través de sus principales exponentes, cómo se desarrollarían los procesos de innovación que vivimos actualmente. La identificación clara de fenómenos actuales con la doctrina “austriaca” es la mayor evidencia de la plena vigencia de estas ideas. Mostraremos, de manera no exhaustiva, cómo su aplicación al día a día de la innovación y a la mejora de procesos y productos, es constante. El presente artículo es por lo tanto un ejercicio de ilustración empírica que pudiera dar pie a futuros trabajos académicos. Palabras clave: innovación, cultura empresarial, gestión de empresas, rendimiento empresarial, escuela austriaca de economía Clasificación JEL: O31, M14, M10, L25, B25

Penerapan Hukum Wakaf Uang di Indonesia Perspektif Legal System Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masdar Masdar
Keyword(s):  
System Theory ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government

Cash waqf in Indonesia has been long enough implemented based on some rules enacted by government and other rules defined by The Waqf Board of Indonesia (BWI). However, the implementation of cash waqf has not reached the level of success. Therefore, this article studies the application of cash waqf law in Indonesia according to Friedman’s legal system theory. The legal system theory of Friedman firstly looks at the substance of the law, which is the rules or regulations; and secondly it examines the structure of the law, encompassing the law enforcement agencies, such as judge, prosecutor, police and legal counselors. And lastly the theory examines the element of legal culture, which is a response from Muslim society. The first two examinations indicate that there is nothing to be a problem. But from the last examination there is a problem regarding the trust from Muslim society. From the legal culture point of view, the implementation of cash waqf by the government, which is performed by BWI, needs attracting society’s credentials in order to improve and maximize the performance of cash waqf in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Sex Work in Slovenia: Assessing the Needs of Sex Workers

2021 ◽  
pp. 136078042110184
Author(s):  
Leja Markelj ◽  
Alisa Selan ◽  
Tjaša Dolinar ◽  
Matej Sande
Keyword(s):  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Distress ◽  
Legal Advice ◽  
The Law ◽  
Client Relations ◽  
Insight Into

The research comprehensively identifies the needs and problems of sex workers in Slovenia from the point of view of three groups of actors in a decriminalized setting. The objective of the rapid needs assessment was to identify the needs of sex workers as perceived by themselves. In order to gain a deeper insight into this topic, we analyzed the functioning of the organizations working with the population, and examined the perspective of the clients. The results of the study show that no aid programmes have been developed for sex workers, even though organizations from various fields often come in contact with this population. Sex workers express the need to be informed about various topics (health, the law, legal advice) and emphasize client relations as the primary issue. The findings indicate the need for the development of a specialized aid programmes to address the fields of advocacy, reducing social distress and providing psychosocial assistance.

scholarly journals Creation of Technical Conditions for Use or Infringement – The Meanders of the Warehouse Keeper’s Liability in Light of CJEU Judgment C-567/18 Coty Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Krystyna Szczepanowska-Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Law ◽  
Trademark Use

AbstractOne form of industrial property right infringement is stocking for the purpose of offering or marketing. This form of infringement appears both in EU legal acts on trademarks or designs, as well as in national regulations, including those concerning patents. What is specific to stocking when compared to other activities comprising the stipulated exclusivity of the holder of industrial property rights is the fact that the literal meaning of “stocking” does not explain whether the infringing party or the warehouse keeper is the entity that places the goods in storage. The structure of industrial property rights as absolute rights would theoretically permit the view that the law is violated by both the entity that accepts the goods for storage and the entity that places such goods in storage. To determine if there is an infringement, it must be established what the goods being stocked are further intended for. It is not without significance that the finding of an infringement of industrial property rights does not depend on fault or awareness. From the point of view of the industrial property law regime, it is difficult to find arguments against this understanding of infringement by stocking. Since the offeror of goods infringing industrial property rights may be held liable even if the goods have not yet been manufactured, it is conceivable that the entity accepting such goods for stocking is also liable. This interpretation of the concept of stocking would certainly correspond to the absolute nature of liability for infringement.In a recent judgment the CJEU confirmed that the warehouse keeper who, on behalf of a third party, stores goods which infringe trademark rights only creates the technical conditions for trademark use by this third party provided that the warehouse keeper is not aware of that infringement. The CJEU also confirmed that only the person who decides about the purpose of storing the goods can be treated as an infringer. However, the CJEU did not respond to the question regarding whether the warehouse keeper could be treated as an infringer if it pursues the aims of storing the goods at the request of the entity that put the goods into storage.

Multi-criteria Decision-making Applications Based on Set Valued Generalized Neutrosophic Quadruple Sets for Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-60
Author(s):  
Necmiye Merve Sahin ◽  
◽  
◽  
Merve Sena Uz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Similarity Measure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Legal Decisions ◽  
The Law ◽  
Made In

In this article, an algorithm has been introduced that enables judges to see the decisions that should be made in a way that is closest to the conscience and the law, without transferring the cases to the higher authorities, without anyone objecting to their decisions. This algorithm has been introduced depending on the generalized set-valued neutrosophic quadruple numbers and the Euclidean similarity measure in sets, what the decision is made by considering all the situations, regardless of which case the defendants come before the judge, how similar these decisions are to the legal decisions that should be made. In this way, we can easily see the decisions given to the accused in all kinds of cases, and we can arrange the decisions according to the similarity value. The closer the similarity value is to 1, the more correct the judge's decision from a legal point of view.

Reconsidering Kant’s Rejection of Indirect Arguments in Transcendental Philosophy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Marcel Buß
Keyword(s):  
Immanuel Kant ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Transcendental Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Transcendental Arguments ◽  
Mathematical Proofs ◽  
Law Of Excluded Middle ◽  
The Law ◽  
Excluded Middle ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Immanuel Kant states that indirect arguments are not suitable for the purposes of transcendental philosophy. If he is correct, this affects contemporary versions of transcendental arguments which are often used as an indirect refutation of scepticism. I discuss two reasons for Kant’s rejection of indirect arguments. Firstly, Kant argues that we are prone to misapply the law of excluded middle in philosophical contexts. Secondly, Kant points out that indirect arguments lack some explanatory power. They can show that something is true but they do not provide insight into why something is true. Using mathematical proofs as examples, I show that this is because indirect arguments are non-constructive. From a Kantian point of view, transcendental arguments need to be constructive in some way. In the last part of the paper, I briefly examine a comment made by P. F. Strawson. In my view, this comment also points toward a connection between transcendental and constructive reasoning.

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