scholarly journals 4D WARPING FOR ANALYSING MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SEED DEVELOPMENT OF BARLEY GRAINS

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Barley Grains

LIPID AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN DEVELOPING RAPESEED, BRASSICA NAPUS

1970 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. FOWLER ◽  
R. K. DOWNEY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation

Self-pollinated seed from normal and erucic acid free plants of summer rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) was harvested at weekly intervals from pollination to maturity. Oven-dried whole seeds and their component parts were weighed and analyzed for oil content and fatty acid composition. Oil and dry matter accumulation followed sigmoidal patterns, most of the deposition occurring between 14 and 35 days after pollination (DAP). The relative contribution of the testa, endosperm and embryo to dry weight and oil content of whole seeds changed significantly during seed development. Oil content of the developing embryo varied from 22 to 44%, and the testa from 1.6 to 13%, although at maturity only 6 to 8% oil was found in the testa and adhering aleurone. The nucleate endosperm oil content was estimated to be low and in the order of 2 to 2.5%. In 7- to 14-day-old seeds the dry weight, oil content and fatty acid composition were largely determined by the testa and endosperm. From 14 to 21 DAP the testa and embryo were dominant and after 21 DAP the embryo was the controlling influence on the seed characteristics studied.Oils of the testa, nucleate endosperm and embryo differed in fatty acid composition. In seeds free of erucic acid, the ratios of the 18 carbon fatty acids of the embryo and testa remained nearly constant from 21 DAP to maturity. This suggested that the variation in fatty acid composition as well as oil content during seed development in this material was due to disproportionate changes in the contribution of the testa, nucleate endosperm and embryo. However, in developing seeds capable of producing erucic acid a change in the ratio of fatty acid synthesis occurred in both the testa and embryo.

scholarly journals Vruggroei van Macadamia integnfolia Maiden & Betche cv Keauhou in die Transvaalse Laeveld

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
A. J. Joubert ◽  
L. C. Holtzhausen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Growth Phases ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Macadamia Integrifolia ◽  
Three Stages

The morphological changes of the fruit of Macadamia integrifolia, from fruit set to fruit ripening, were studied and the growth phases of the fruit are described. The length of the fruit growth period, from full bloom to fruit ripening, was 31 weeks and the growth period is divided into three stages. During Stage I, which lasted 2 weeks, the zygote was dormant. Stage II is the seed development period, which lasted 12 weeks. Stage III is the ripening period, which occurred over 17 weeks.

scholarly journals SANe: The Seed Active Network for Discovering Transcriptional Regulatory Programs of Seed Development

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chirag Gupta ◽  
Arjun Krishnan ◽  
Andrew Schneider ◽  
Cynthia Denbow ◽  
Eva Collakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Active Network ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Differential Network ◽  
Genome Scale ◽  
New Hypothesis

AbstractDeveloping seeds undergo coordinated physiological and morphological changes crucial for development of the embryo, dormancy and germination. The metabolic changes that occur during seed development are regulated by interconnected network of Transcription Factors (TFs) that regulate gene expression in a spatiotemporal manner. The complexity of these networks is such that the TFs that play key regulatory roles during seed development are largely unknown. In this study, we created a genome-scale regulatory network dedicated to describing regulation of biological processes within various compartments and developmental stages of Arabidopsis seeds. Differential network analysis revealed key TFs that rewire their targeting patterns specifically during seed development, many of which were already known, and a few novel ones that we verified experimentally. Our method shows that a high-resolution tissue-specific transcriptome dataset can be accurately modeled as a functional regulatory network predictive of related TFs. We provide an easy to use webtool using which researchers can upload a newly generated transcriptome and identify key TFs important to their dataset as well as gauge their regulatory effect on phenotypes observed in the experiment. We refer to this network as Seed Active Network (SANe) and made it accessible athttps://plantstress-pereira.uark.edu/SANe/. We anticipate SANe will facilitate the discovery of TFs yet unknown for their involvement in seed related metabolic pathways and provide an interface to generate new hypothesis for experimentation.

Hormonal and morphological changes during seed development of Cypripedium japonicum

PROTOPLASMA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. 2315-2322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaona Yan ◽  
Min Tian ◽  
Fen Liu ◽  
Caixia Wang ◽  
Ying Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Morphological Changes

scholarly journals Female gametogenesis and early seed development in Amaranthus hypochondriacus L.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Angelica Barrales-López ◽  
Lorenzo Guevara-Olvera ◽  
Eduardo Espitia-Rangel ◽  
Mario M. González-Chavira ◽  
Aurea Bernardino-Nicanor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Seed Proteins ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus ◽  
Type Pattern ◽  
Functional Megaspore ◽  
Female Gametogenesis

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Attention to amaranth grains has increased in recent years due to the nutritional value of their seed proteins, which have high levels of the amino acid lysine. However, there is no detailed study describing the stages of seed development in <em>Amaranthus hypochondriacus. </em></p><p><strong>Question</strong>: How are the developmental patterns of the female gametophyte and young seed in <em>Amaranthus hypochondriacus</em>?</p><p><strong>Species studied</strong>: <em>Amaranthus hypochondriacus</em> L ’Revancha’ (Amaranthaceae).</p><p><strong>Study site and years of study</strong>: Plants were growth and collected from 2014 to 2016, in a greenhouse at Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Glomerules were collected before pollination and two weeks after anthesis. The ovules at different development stages were fixed and cleared and were analyzed by light microscopy. A clearing protocol was used to observe the developmental stages during female gametogenesis and embryogenesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed that the <em>Amaranthus hypochondriacus</em> ovule has a campylotropous form. The female gametophyte showed a<em> Polygonum</em>-type pattern of development. We were also able to identify all the stages from the megaspore mother cell to the cotyledon embryo stage. After meiosis, the micropylar megaspore differentiates into the functional megaspore. The embryo did not show symmetric divisions, although the final pattern is similar to that of in eudicotyledons. The suspensor showed additional longitudinal divisions, giving rise to a 2-rowed suspensor, while the endosperm showed a helobial development.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results will be used as baseline to identify morphological changes during seed development and to develop new strategies to improve seed quality or increase the yield.</p>

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

Effect of verapamil on cytoplasmic distribution of granules and microfilaments in amphibian urinary bladder

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
A.J. Mia ◽  
L.X. Oakford ◽  
T. Yorio
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Cytosolic Calcium ◽  
Calcium Storage ◽  
Amphibian Urinary Bladder ◽  
Vesicular Membrane ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cytoskeletal System

The amphibian urinary bladder has been used as a ‘model’ system for studies of the mechanism of action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in stimulating transepithelial water flow. The increase in water permeability is accompanied by morphological changes that include the stimulation of apical microvilli, mobilization of microtubules and microfilaments and vesicular membrane fusion events . It has been shown that alterations in the cytosolic calcium concentrations can inhibit ADH transmembrane water flow and induce alterations in the epithelial cell cytomorphology, including the cytoskeletal system . Recently, the subapical granules of the granular cell in the amphibian urinary bladder have been shown to contain high concentrations of calcium, and it was suggested that these cytoplasmic constituents may act as calcium storage sites for intracellular calcium homeostasis. The present study utilizes the calcium antagonist, verapamil, to examine the effect of calcium deprivation on the cytomorphological features of epithelial cells from amphibian urinary bladder, with particular emphasis on subapical granule and microfilament distribution.

Hydrated form of some clay minerals observed using a film sealed environmental cell

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-73
Author(s):  
N. Kohyama ◽  
K. Fukushima ◽  
A. Fukami
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Carbon Film ◽  
Electron Microscopic Observation ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Hydrated Form ◽  
Thin Carbon ◽  
Environmental Cell ◽  
Thin Carbon Film

Since the interlayer or adsorbed water of some clay minerals are quite easily dehydrated in dried air, in vacuum, or at moderate temperatures even in the atmosphere, the hydrated forms have not been observed by a conventional electron microscope(TEM). Recently, specific specimen chambers, “environmental cells(E.C.),” have been developed and confirmed to be effective for electron microscopic observation of wet specimen without dehydration. we observed hydrated forms of some clay minerals and their morphological changes by dehydration using a TEM equipped with an E.C..The E.C., equipped with a single hole copper-microgrid sealed by thin carbon-film, attaches to a TEM(JEM 7A) with an accelerating voltage 100KV and both gas pressure (from 760 Torr to vacuum) and relative humidity can be controlled. The samples collected from various localities in Japan were; tubular halloysite (l0Å) from Gumma Prefecture, sperical halloysite (l0Å) from Tochigi Pref., and intermediate halloysite containing both tubular and spherical types from Fukushima Pref..

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