scholarly journals Evaluation of Serological Indicators for Toxoplasma, Rubella Virus and Cytomegalovirus Infections in Pregnant Women Applied to Our Hospital

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatih Çubuk ◽  
Mürşit Hasbek ◽  
Ayşe Hümeyra Taşkın Kafa ◽  
Cem Çelik
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Microbiology Laboratory ◽  
Cytomegalovirus Infections

Objective: Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are important infectious agents that can be transmitted vertically from mother to baby, and can cause clinical signs in the fetus and the newborn. In our study, it was aimed to determine the distribution of antibodies against T. gondii, Rubella and CMV in pregnant women applied to our hospital. Method: In our study, the serological test results of the blood samples of pregnant women used in the diagnosis of T. gondii, Rubella and CMV infections in Microbiology Laboratory of Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, were retrospectively analyzed in a two-year period between 2018 and 2019. Results: The positivity rates were determined to be 26.7% for T. gondii IgG, 87.9% for Rubella virus IgG and 99% for CMV IgG. While IgM test positivities for the same pathogens were 1.3%, 0.3%, and 0.7%, respectively. Low avidity results were encountered in 4 patients (22.2%) for T. gondii, whereas the results of all examined tests for Rubella and CMV were found to have high avidity. Conclusion: Regional epidemiological data are important to determine routine screening approach or infectious agents that will be more important for the newborn. We think that we will contribute to the literature with our study based on regional data.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION ON DUCK SALMONELLOSIS IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF BANGLADESH

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
R. K. Dey ◽  
M. S. R. Khan ◽  
K. H. M. N. H. Nazir ◽  
M. A. Islam ◽  
S. M. S. H. Belal
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The study was performed with a view to collect epidemiological data to proper control of Duck Salmonellosis in Bangladesh. A total of 12 small to medium sized duck farms and 28 individual households were visited for data collection.  On the basis of history and clinical signs and as per the information provided by the farmers the prevalence rate of Duck Salmonellosis was recorded as 38.1% and the P value was calculated as 0.003 (p<0.01) which was noted as highly significant. Based on tentative occurrences of Duck Salmonellosis as per information taken from the structured questionnaire a total of 120 fecal samples were collected from apparently healthy and diseased ducks on the basis of age, sex, season, location and health status. The isolated bacteria were identified by studying cultural properties on different selective media, biochemical tests, and finally by PCR. The test results of cultural and biochemical exhibited the typical characteristics of bacteria. On the basis of their cultural and biochemical characteristics it was found that among 120 fecal samples 32 (26.67%) were found to be positive for Salmonella and the P value was recorded as 0.0019 (p<0.01) which was also considered as highly significant. In motility test Duck Salmonella were identified as motile and all tested Duck Salmonella showed indole and VP test negative with MR test positive. In PCR reaction, the organism was further confirmed as Salmonella species using the SAL-G primer. Results of antibiotic susceptibility test shows that the selected isolated Salmonella were highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and azithromycin, intermediate sensitive to tobramycin and gentamicin and resistant to Oxacillin. 

scholarly journals Mother‐to‐Child Transmission Risk Is Increased among HIV‐Infected Pregnant Women in Ukraine with Serological Test Results Positive for Syphilis

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 1114-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Thorne ◽  
Ruslan Malyuta ◽  
Igor Semenenko ◽  
Tatyana Pilipenko ◽  
Andrej Stelmah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mother To Child Transmission ◽  
Child Transmission ◽  
Mother To Child

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnancy: Clinical Signs, Placental Pathology, and Neonatal Outcome—Implications for Clinical Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascia Moresi ◽  
Marco Dell'Aquila ◽  
Silvia Salvi ◽  
Roberta Rullo ◽  
Stefano Fruci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Neonatal Outcome ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Placental Pathology ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Fibrin Deposition ◽  
Histopathologic Findings

Introduction: The current COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with high rates of mortality and significant morbidity. Both the risk of infection for pregnant women and the risk of vertical transmission have been evaluated, and the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has been demonstrated both in the placenta and in the amniochorionic membranes. However, the actual effects of this pathogen on pregnancy and on placental morphology are still unclear.Objective: To describe histopathologic findings in the placentas of women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and their correlation with clinical signs and perinatal outcome.Methods: Placental tissues from pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection delivering between March 2020 and February 2021 were analyzed.Results: One hundred six placentas from women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy who delivered in Fondazione Policlinico A. Gemelli were examined. Most of them were asymptomatic. All neonates had available test results for SARS-CoV-2 and only one resulted positive. Placental tissues mainly showed signs of maternal vascular malperfusion and of placenta injury in terms of syncytial node increase (96.2%), villar agglutination (77.3%), neointimal hyperplasia (76.4%), excessive fibrin deposition (43.3%), and chorangiosis (35.8%). No significant differences in the frequency of the histopathological lesions were observed according to maternal symptoms.Conclusion: Looking to placental tissues from SARS-CoV-2 positive women at the screening performed close to delivery, placental injuries could be detected without any correlation with fetal and neonatal outcomes. We hypothesize that short latency between SARS-CoV-2 infection and delivery is the main reason for these observations.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of HIV, HTLV-I/II and other perinatally-transmitted pathogens in Salvador, Bahia

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 343-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo Ivo dos Santos ◽  
Maria Aparecida de Araújo Lopes ◽  
Elizabeth Deliège-Vasconcelos ◽  
José Carlos Couto-Fernandez ◽  
Balmukund Niljay Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Hbs Ag ◽  
Hiv 1

Generation of epidemiological data on perinatally-transmitted infections is a fundamental tool for the formulation of health policies. In Brazil, this information is scarce, particularly in Northeast, the poorest region of the country. In order to gain some insights of the problem we studied the seroprevalence of some perinatally-transmitted infections in 1,024 low income pregnant women in Salvador, Bahia. The prevalences were as follow: HIV-1 (0.10%), HTLV-I/II (0.88%), T.cruzi (2.34%). T.pallidum (3.91%), rubella virus (77.44%). T.gondii IgM (2.87%) and IgG (69.34%), HBs Ag (0.6%) and anti-HBs (7.62%). Rubella virus and T.gondii IgG antibodies were present in more than two thirds of pregnant women but antibodies against other pathogens were present at much lower rates. We found that the prevalence of HTLV-I/II was nine times higher than that found for HIV-1. In some cases such as T.cruzi and hepatitis B infection there was a decrease in the prevalence over the years. On the other hand, there was an increase in the seroprevalence of T.gondii infection. Our data strongly recommend mandatory screening tests for HTLV-I/II, T.gondii (IgM), T.pallidum and rubella virus in prenatal routine for pregnant women in Salvador. Screening test for T.cruzi, hepatitis and HIV-1 is recommended whenever risk factors associated with these infections are suspected. However in areas with high prevalence for these infections, the mandatory screening test in prenatal care should be considered.

scholarly journals Serological Specificity in the Detection of Syphilis among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal in Some Hospitals in Mubi Metropolis, Adamawa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Elisha ◽  
Abubakar, I.
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Treponema Pallidum ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
North And South ◽  
Serological Specificity

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the Treponema pallidum (spirochetes). Syphilis remains a major cause of reproductive morbidity and poor pregnant outcomes in developing countries. This Research work seeks to determine the specificity of serological VDRL test for syphilis against the use of High Vaginal Swab in molecular detection of syphilis among pregnant women attending antenatal in some selected hospitals and clinics in Mubi North and South L.G.A. Adamawa State, Nigeria to subvert the challenges, hence finding lasting solution to the Reproductive and mental health challenges posed by secondary Syphillis. A total of 120 blood samples were collected from 120 consented pregnant women in batches from General hospital, Mubi, Sabon layi clinic, Lokuwa PHC, Lamurde maternity, Kwaja PHC and Alheri Nursing hospital all in Mubi North and South Local Government, during their Antenatal days. In all, 30(25.0 %) of the samples were seropositive, with the highest prevalence recorded as 11(9.17 %) of the 20 samples collected from Kwajah PHC in Mubi South L.G.A. The HVS of pregnant with positive serological test results were subjected to molecular nPCR test to amplify the tpp47 gene of Treponema pallidum. The only amplified fragment which arouse from the positive as the only positive amplification products was analyzed for specificity in an agarose gel developed 0.01 % ethidum bromide for ease of visualization of the band of fragment weight 260 bp tpp47 gene of Treponema pallidum under U.V since all HVS samples showed no bands of amplification, no further sequencing was technically necessary.

Threat of premature birth: psycho-social aspects

2016 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
S. Zhuk ◽  
◽  
O. Schurevska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Stress Load ◽  
Mandatory Participation

The objective: to study the psychological characteristics of women’s status in one of the most common complications of pregnancy - the threat of termination of pregnancy, depending on the level of stress load. Patients and methods. We have studied the psychological status (the Holmes-Rahe level of psychosocial stress, the Spielberg-Hanin level of anxiety, V.I.Dobryakov’s related to a pregnancy test, diagnosis of psychological defense mechanisms, assessment of quality of life) 60 pregnant women with threat of premature birth in the third trimester of pregnancy. Surveyed women were divided into 2 groups: group 1 included 30 pregnant women – forced migrant of Donetsk and Lugansk area and 2 group – 30 pregnant women who resided in Kiev. Results. At the same clinical picture of the threat of premature birth we detected discrepancy between the subjective assessment of their condition in women – forced migrants: a high level of situational and personal anxiety, decrease in physical (physical functioning, role-physical functioning) and psychological (social functioning, role emotional functioning) health, doubtful and pathological subtypes of gestational dominant. This creates prerequisites for complications of pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum future period and requires the participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Conclusion. So, revealed a discrepancy between the objective clinical signs similar obstetric pathology (on the example of threatened abortion) in pregnant women with different levels of stress load and their subjective evaluation of their condition that affects their psychological status. This should be reflected in individually tailored therapy and be mainstreamed into the work of obstetricians and gynecologists with these patients, and requires mandatory participation of psychologists in the work with this category of patients. Key words: pregnancy, the threat of premature birth, stress, psychological status.

scholarly journals Haemostatic and thrombo-embolic complications in pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and critical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliette Servante ◽  
Gill Swallow ◽  
Jim G. Thornton ◽  
Bethan Myers ◽  
Sandhya Munireddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Maternal Deaths ◽  
High Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Background As pregnancy is a physiological prothrombotic state, pregnant women may be at increased risk of developing coagulopathic and/or thromboembolic complications associated with COVID-19. Methods Two biomedical databases were searched between September 2019 and June 2020 for case reports and series of pregnant women with a diagnosis of COVID-19 based either on a positive swab or high clinical suspicion where no swab had been performed. Additional registry cases known to the authors were included. Steps were taken to minimise duplicate patients. Information on coagulopathy based on abnormal coagulation test results or clinical evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and on arterial or venous thrombosis, were extracted using a standard form. If available, detailed laboratory results and information on maternal outcomes were analysed. Results One thousand sixty-three women met the inclusion criteria, of which three (0.28, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.6) had arterial and/or venous thrombosis, seven (0.66, 95% CI 0.17 to 1.1) had DIC, and a further three (0.28, 95% CI 0.0 to 0.6) had coagulopathy without meeting the definition of DIC. Five hundred and thirty-seven women (56%) had been reported as having given birth and 426 (40%) as having an ongoing pregnancy. There were 17 (1.6, 95% CI 0.85 to 2.3) maternal deaths in which DIC was reported as a factor in two. Conclusions Our data suggests that coagulopathy and thromboembolism are both increased in pregnancies affected by COVID-19. Detection of the former may be useful in the identification of women at risk of deterioration.

scholarly journals Low Maternal Immunoglobulin G Avidity and Single Parity as Adverse Implications of Human Cytomegalovirus Vertical Transmission in Pregnant Women with Immunoglobulin M Positivity

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Masatoki Kaneko ◽  
Junsuke Muraoka ◽  
Kazumi Kusumoto ◽  
Toshio Minematsu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Neurological Sequelae ◽  
Previous Pregnancy

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the leading cause of neurological sequelae in infants. Understanding the risk factors of primary CMV infection is crucial in establishing preventive strategies. Thus, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to identify risk factors of vertical transmission among pregnant women with immunoglobulin (Ig) M positivity. The study included 456 pregnant women with IgM positivity. Information on age, parity, occupation, clinical signs, IgM levels, and IgG avidity index (AI) was collected. The women were divided into infected and non-infected groups. The two groups showed significant differences in IgM level, IgG AI, number of women with low IgG AI, clinical signs, and number of pregnant women with single parity. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, pregnant women with single parity and low IgG AI were independent predictors. Among 40 women who tested negative for IgG antibody in their previous pregnancy, 20 showed low IgG AI in their current pregnancy. Among the 20 women, 4 had vertical transmission. These results provide better understanding of the risk factors of vertical transmission in pregnant women with IgM positivity.

scholarly journals Measles Virus IgG Avidity Assay for Use in Classification of Measles Vaccine Failure in Measles Elimination Settings

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1810-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mercader ◽  
Philip Garcia ◽  
William J. Bellini
Keyword(s):  
Measles Virus ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
High Avidity ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Vaccine Failure ◽  
Avidity Assay ◽  
Igg Avidity

ABSTRACTIn regions where endemic measles virus has been eliminated, diagnostic assays are needed to assist in correctly classifying measles cases irrespective of vaccination status. A measles IgG avidity assay was configured using a commercially available measles-specific IgG enzyme immunoassay by modifying the protocol to include three 5-min washes with diethylamine (60 mM; pH 10.25) following serum incubation; serum was serially diluted, and the results were expressed as the end titer avidity index. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used for evaluation and validation and to establish low (≤30%) and high (≥70%) end titer avidity thresholds. Analysis of 319 serum specimens expected to contain either high- or low-avidity antibodies according to clinical and epidemiological data indicated that the assay is highly accurate, with an area under the curve of 0.998 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.978 to 1.000), sensitivity of 91.9% (95% CI, 83.2% to 97.0%), and specificity of 98.4% (95% CI, 91.6% to 100%). The assay is rapid (<2 h) and precise (standard deviation [SD], 4% to 7%). In 18 samples from an elimination setting outbreak, the assay identified 2 acute measles cases with low-avidity results; both were IgM-positive samples. Additionally, 11 patients (15 samples) with modified measles who were found to have high-avidity IgG results were classified as secondary vaccine failures; one sample with an intermediate-avidity result was not interpretable. In elimination settings, measles IgG avidity assays can complement existing diagnostic tools in confirming unvaccinated acute cases and, in conjunction with adequate clinical and epidemiologic investigation, aid in the classification of vaccine failure cases.

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