Determinants of Speculative Demand of Wheat and Its Impact on Consumer Welfare Loss

A much-neglected concept of price speculation from the side of consumers plays an important role in the determination of prices and quantity traded in the market. Almost all the consumers speculate about future prices of commodities and at the first stage, whenever prices increase, most of the consumers believe and speculate that the prices will increase more in the future. The current study underhand is conducted to find the factors of speculative demand for wheat and its relationship with consumer’s welfare. The need for this study was to find the factors of speculative demand and its and its relationship with the welfare loss. For this purpose data were collected from one hundred wheat consumers who buy wheat monthly from rural and urban areas of District Mandi Baha ud Din, Pakistan at random by direct interviewing to analyze which factors compel them not to buy wheat at annual bases and how it is related to their income, family size, and monthly income. Results show a negative relationship between the speculative demand for wheat and income. There is also a positive relationship between speculation and family as well as between speculation and actual quantity demanded. The lower-income consumers do speculation about the prices of the wheat from September to March and cause prices to increase about 8.92% more than the normal prices which cost them to lose consumer welfare and surplus. It is concluded that if consumers avoid speculation, they can buy wheat at 8.92% lesser price and can enjoy more consumer welfare and surplus. An increase in speculative demand increases prices more than a normal increase. The addition of some portion of price increment merely is due to consumer’s psychological phenomenon of speculation.

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Determinants and Status of Vaccination in Bangladesh

Dhaka University Journal of Science ◽

10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10336 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nasrin Afzal ◽

Begum Zainab

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Economic Status ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Vital Role ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

The Status ◽

The Government

The identification of the characteristics that have an influence on the vaccination coverage of children and the determination of the pattern of such influence are very important since the government can reschedule the policy to immunize each and every child. This paper examines the factors that manipulate the vaccination coverage in terms of five major vaccines using the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS)-2007 data. The results strongly suggest that mothers education and economic status play a vital role significantly in improving the vaccination coverage. Besides, Khulna and Rajshahi have higher whereas Sylhet and Chittagong have lower immunization coverage than Dhaka. In addition, mothers exposure to media (newspaper, TV or radio) also improves the status of coverage both in the rural and urban areas in Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i1.10336 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(1): 47-51 2012 (January)

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Multi-Antenna Data Collector for Smart Metering Networks with Integrated Source Separation by Spatial Filtering

Frequenz ◽

10.1515/freq-2015-0214 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 70 (3-4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Philipp Quednau ◽

Ralph Trommer ◽

Lorenz-Peter Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Spatial Filtering ◽

Party Systems ◽

Wireless Transmission ◽

Third Party ◽

Smart Metering ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Transmission Problems ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Almost All

AbstractWireless transmission systems in smart metering networks share the advantage of lower installation costs due to the expandability of separate infrastructure but suffer from transmission problems. In this paper the issue of interference of wireless transmitted smart meter data with third party systems and data from other meters is investigated and an approach for solving the problem is presented. A multi-channel wireless m-bus receiver was developed to separate the desired data from unwanted interferers by spatial filtering. The according algorithms are presented and the influence of different antenna types on the spatial filtering is investigated. The performance of the spatial filtering is evaluated by extensive measurements in a realistic surrounding with several hundreds of active wireless m-bus transponders. These measurements correspond to the future environment for data-collectors as they took place in rural and urban areas with smart gas meters equipped with wireless m-bus transponders installed in almost all surrounding buildings.

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Determination of Aflatoxin M1 concentration in volunteers from rural and urban areas of Cochabamba-Bolivia

Bionatura ◽

10.21931/rb/cs/2019.02.01.6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 02 (Bionatura Conference Serie) ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Condori Vincenti ◽

Stefania Torrico Torrico ◽

Tania Alba Medrano ◽

Yesica Nina Guaravia ◽

Nora Medrano-Mercado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Aflatoxin Contamination ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Aflatoxin M1 ◽

Elisa Kit ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Toxigenic Strains

Aflatoxins are produced by toxigenic strains of Aspergillus fungi and include the subtypes: B1, B2, G1, and G2. Once ingested, aflatoxin is metabolized to aflatoxin M1 found in the urine. Because of the importance of aflatoxins on human health, we analyzed 550 urine samples collected from farmers and city volunteers from Cochabamba. The level of aflatoxin M1 was determined using the Helica Aflatoxin M1 ELISA Kit specific for urine. 216 volunteer farmers had an aflatoxin M1 range of 0.02-1.21 ng/ml, while 334 urine city volunteers had a range of 0.03-1.27 ng/ml, indicating a risk for exposure to aflatoxin contamination for both populations.

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ANALISIS POTENSI DAN KONTRIBUSI PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN SEKTOR PERDESAAN DAN PERKOTAAN (PBB P2) DI KABUPATEN GUNUNGKIDUL

Jurnal REKSA Rekayasa Keuangan Syariah dan Audit ◽

10.12928/j.reksa.v4i2.160 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Fitriani Hatta ◽

Dewi Amalia

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Tax Revenue ◽

Government Revenue ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Local Revenue ◽

Local Taxes ◽

Rural And Urban

According to the law number 28 year 2009 on local taxes and levies, building and land tax is 5 types namely P2 and P3. PBB P2 is the rural and urban areas, PBB P3 is the agricultural sector, fisheries, and mining. PBB P2 central tax formerly be transferred to local taxes. The regulation is effective from the beginning of 2014. Several regions had already been made since the transitional PBB P2 2012. One of the regions that conducted the transfer is in Yogyakarta. The purpose of this research was to study, analyze and concluded about potential of tax in Kabupaten Gunungkidul PBB P2 in 2014 and about the contribution of the PBB P2 in Kabupaten Gunungkidul last year until the year 2014. Based on calculations on the results of potential PBB P2 2104 year, the determination of the target and the realization of tax revenue PBB P2 in 2014 is far from the existing potential. A comparison of potential PBB P2 and the target of PBB P2 is 24,49 %, it means the determination of the target of PBB P2 is far from the existing potential. A comparison of the potential and the PBB P2 is 21,06 percent, it means the realization of tax revenue PBB P2 is far from the existing potential. In accordance with the results of the calculation of the potential research Abdullah (2012) said that when the budget income, the head of units tend to determine the target under the potential income actually. The calculation on the contribution indicate the percentage of PBB P2 in Kabupaten Gunungkidul from 2011 up to 2013 has been steadily declining. It means the role of PBB P2 or other contributions to the local revenue starting the year 2011 up to 2013 the less. This is because the realization of local revenue in Kabupaten Gunungkidul from 2011 until 2013 also rose, so as to cause the contribution of PBB P2 to local government revenue decline, although the realization of tax revenue PBB P2 increase from year 2011 up to 2013 .

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Multi-Disciplinary Determination of the Rural/Urban Boundary: A Case Study in Xi’an, China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su10082632 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 2632 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lei Fang ◽

Yingjie Wang

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Local Governments ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

National Bureau ◽

Rapid Urbanization ◽

New Model ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban

Rapid urbanization in China has blurred the boundaries between rural and urban areas in both geographic and conceptual terms. Accurately identifying this boundary in a given area is an important prerequisite for studies of these areas, but previous research has used fairly simplistic factors to distinguish the two areas (such as population density). In this study, we built a model combining multi-layer conditions and cumulative percentage methods based on five indicators linking spatial, economic, and demographic factors to produce a more comprehensive and quantitative method for identifying rural and urban areas. Using Xi’an, China as a case study, our methods produced a more accurate determination of the rural-urban divide when compared to data from the National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. Specifically, the urbanization level was 3.24% lower in the new model, with a total urban area that was 621.87 km2 lower. These results were checked by field survey and satellite imagery for accuracy. This new model thus provides local governments and other interested parties a theoretical and technological foundation for more accurate rural/urban planning and management in the future.

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An epidemiological study regarding role of television about health awareness in rural and urban areas of district, Amritsar, Punjab, India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170271 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 451

Author(s):

Raghav Gupta ◽

Sanjeev Mahajan ◽

Tejbir Singh ◽

Shyam S. Deepti

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Awareness ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Health Related ◽

Almost All

Background: Television is not only a source of entertainment but also a major source of information including that related to health content. So this study was conducted to know the role of television in awareness about health programs and their utility.Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 1000 respondents (500 urban and 500 rural) were studied in 5 rural and 5 urban from field practice area of Government Medical College, Amritsar. They were interviewed with the help of pretested and semi-structured questionnaire.Results: Almost all the respondents had watched television with 94% respondents in rural and 100% in urban. Those respondents who did not watched were due to non availability of television sets. Majority 3/4 of the respondents spent half to 2 hour per day watching television. Almost 2/3 of total respondents were aware about health related programs being shown on television and out of these 79.00% were actually watching these programs. 42.16% respondents were aware about health related advertisements. Respondents using these products 91.20% followed through self awareness whereas 8.80% were motivated by someone.Conclusions:Television viewing is almost a universal phenomenon but still in areas where it is more needed very few were being aware about health related content being shown on television and even those who were aware were not watching these programs.

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A retrospective observational study of clinical profile, diagnosis, management and outcome of abdominal tuberculosis in 30 patients

International Surgery Journal ◽

10.18203/2349-2902.isj20202416 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 1903

Author(s):

Mukesh Pancholi ◽

Mahendra Kumar Meena ◽

Praveen Sharma ◽

Devendra Chaudhary

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽

Clinical Profile ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

The Mean ◽

Diagnostic Modalities ◽

Almost All

Background: Abdominal tuberculosis is found worldwide although prevalence rates are still highest in the developing countries. The sites of involvement of abdominal tuberculosis are peritoneum, lymph nodes, intestine and solid viscera. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical profile of patients with abdominal tuberculosis, to review the use of diagnostic modalities, both non-invasive and invasive and to study the outcome of management of abdominal tuberculosis.Methods: This is an observational retrospective study of 30 patients with diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis treated at university linked teaching hospital of South Gujarat from August 2015 to November 2017.Results: In our study, disease was found almost equally prevalent in both rural and urban areas affecting mostly lower socio-economical class. The mean age was 34 years (range from 13 to 62); male and female ratio was 2.33:1; the mean hospital stay was 09 days (range from 5 to 48 days). Abdominal pain was present in almost all cases, having chronic pain in 21 patients and acute in 9 patients. There were 05 (16.7%) patients found to be HIV positive in this study. There was mortality of 02 patients post operatively due to sepsis in those patients operated in emergency with peritonitis.Conclusions: Abdominal tuberculosis is prevalent in lower socioeconomic class patients and affects younger male patients more commonly. Most commonly intestinal and mesenteric disease presented with chronic abdominal pain and constitutional symptoms of tuberculosis.

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