scholarly journals Political and Economic Democratization and Its Impact on the Government-Business Relationship in Korea

1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (0) ◽  
pp. 30-50
Author(s):  
Byung-Sun Choi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Business Relationship ◽  
Pluralistic Society ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Institutional Values ◽  
Market Economy System ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economy System

Under the authoritarian market economy system, Korea has achieved a demonstrably successful economic performance. But its inherent systemic tension and conflict, which had been suppressed under the repressive rule, has since 1987 begun to unravel. A series of political democratization moves are still coming on stream and social demands for economic democratization press for a change in economic policy in the direction of correcting economic and social imbalances. Following the change in the relative political strength among proximate policymakers, the state economic policy-making structure and process is undergoing a significant change, and the existing government business relationship, biased generally for big business, has come under siege. The potential impacts of these recent changes on the economy's performance have not yet been fully materialized. It must be heeded, however, by responsible political actors that, when the institutional values of a democratic and pluralistic society are overly valued, they inevitably exact a price in terms of the slackening efficiency and the loss of adaptability to the rapidly changing world economic conditions, as the experiences of the advanced democratic industrial countries, particularly the U.S., show.

Integration of Manufacturing, Science and Education as a Basis for the Re-Industrialization of Russia

2015 ◽  
pp. 94-104
Author(s):  
S. Bodrunov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Domestic Industry ◽  
Technological Basis ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Manufacturing Science

The article investigates the problems that Russian industry has encountered during the period of economic reforms. The author explores the reasons for the competitiveness decrease and contradictions that hinder the modernization of the domestic industry. Based on the analysis the principal concept is posed of the need in the implementation of the strategy of re-industrialization in Russia on a new technological basis. The basic directions of re-industrialization, the mechanisms of its implementation, as well as the impact on import substitution are considered. Substantial attention is paid to the risks inherent in a re-industrialization of Russia and the ways to overcome them. In recent years, geo-political and geo-economic challenges to the Russian economy and society greatly exacerbated the contradictions that emerged in the previous decades of economic evolution. During a long period of time the country tried to implement an economic policy intended, in principle, at achieving the strategic goal of creating a modern socially-oriented market economy on the base of modernization. However, the practical tools for implementation of this course – first of all, the ideology of “market fundamentalism” combined with the remaining powerful black market and “hand steering” by the government – caused stagnation and further de-industrialization of the country with inevitably negative implications for the manufacturing, science, education, human capital. Most recently, the Russian economy faced additional problems, namely, the Western sanctions, world economic slump and decline in world oil prices. That is why significant changes in the objectives and tools of economic policy are so urgent.

The Analysis for Low Carbon Materials on Planning and Development Determinants

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 200-203
Author(s):  
Cheng Gang Xu ◽  
Hui Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Respective Group ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Market Economy System ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economy System

Government is the group of politicians, government officials and civil servants with similar to a personal capacity, preferences and interests. Compared with the firm, they have no essential difference in the market economy system countries. Both seek to maximize interests for their respective Group. In this paper the government's views and actions in the public choice activities are analyzed by means the firm theory, which reveals that the direction of the environmental friendly industrial policy and its development level depend on the maximum degrees to combine the government` interests in tenure with their electorate’s one.

Strategy and Tactics of Monetary Policy during the World Economic Crisis

2010 ◽  
pp. 4-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nekipelov ◽  
M. Golovnin
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Exchange Rate Policy ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The World ◽  
Rate Policy ◽  
World Economic ◽  
World Economic Crisis ◽  
Qualitative Changes

The paper analyzes the qualitative changes in monetary policy goals and instruments during the world economic crisis of 2007-2009 in industrial countries and Russia; it represents the authors view on Russian monetary policy goals and results on different stages of crisis development. On the basis of the analysis the authors conclude on the necessity of active exchange rate policy in Russia, while developing interest rate instruments, and implementation of some exchange restrictions to prevent crisis contagion in the future.

Wining and Dining Government Officials: What Drives Political Networking in Chinese Private Ventures?

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1084-1113
Author(s):  
Jianjun Zhang ◽  
Pei Sun ◽  
Kunyuan Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Resource Dependence ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Resource Dependence Theory ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Corporate Political Activity ◽  
Dyadic Relationship ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
The Government

ABSTRACTManagerial networking with political actors has long been recognized as a crucial co-option strategy to navigate the challenging institutional environment in emerging economies. However, we know much less about what drives the variation of political networking investment by private ventures. Drawing on resource dependence theory, we unpack the dyadic business-government relations and identify the key organizational and environmental factors that shape the power dependence relationships between private ventures and the government. By examining power imbalance and mutual dependence in this dyadic relationship and considering both the necessity and the capability of political networking, we develop hypotheses regarding the ways in which size-, connection-, and location-based dependencies affect firms’ political networking intensity. These hypotheses are tested through a unique survey of Chinese private ventures. Our study finds that political networking intensity (1) has an inverted U-shaped relationship with firm size, (2) is negatively associated with the presence of embedded political ties while positively associated with that of achieved political connections, and (3) is smaller when the focal firm is located in business development zones. This research bears rich implications for our understanding of corporate political activity in emerging economies from a resource dependence lens.

The Market Economy System and the Biological Crisis

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-129
Author(s):  
Panayotis Coumentakis
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Market Economy System ◽  
Economy System

scholarly journals Elinor Ostrom: proving the effectiveness of collective action in management (the Noble Prize in Economics in 2009 “for research in the field of economic organization”)

2017 ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Oksana Shymanska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Empirically Supported ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Human Organization ◽  
The Government

The article substantiates Elinor Ostrom’s contribution to the theory of collective management of property. The author outlines solutions to problems of the most optimal use of scarce natural resources and their economically relevant preservation in a long-term perspective. The research paper affirms the idea that it is not only the government who can solve the problem of efficient use of resources for public purposes. It is proved that collective decisions can be made in the management of resources, under which the latter are maintained in good conditions while being used for general public. The most accepted models (‘the tragedy of the commons’, ‘the prisoner’s dilemma’, ‘the logic of collective action’) are examined. The above- mentioned models are frequently used as tools to study cases of economic policy-making in allocating scarce resources for public purposes, and as a concept for analyzing problems of individuals who seek to achieve collective benefits. It is emphasized that there is a need for a balanced application of the above models as metaphors, which substitute solid foundations of the economic policy, since the limitations suggested for easing the analysis are accepted without reservation as permanent empirical requirements that remain as such until adjustments are made by the government. Special emphasis is placed on the importance of developing the theory of human organization based on realistic assessments of human possibilities and limitations that arise when a number of various situations related to using public goods are to be resolved. It is stressed that the empirically supported theories of human organization as an important component of study on economic policy are able to complement the solutions with estimates of the most likely effect of using many ways of organizing human activities. It is concluded that E. Ostrom’s experimental research in the field of natural resources management can be used to solve large-scale range of issues related to the production of public goods.

scholarly journals ON THE REFLECTION OF CORONOMICS IN ECONOMIC SCIENCE AND ECONOMIC POLICY

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
VLADIMER PAPAVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Inflation Targeting ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Crisis Period ◽  
The Government

The paper discusses the economic issues of the COVID-19 pandemic. The resulting coronomic crisis is not a typical economic crisis since the coronomic crisis was not formed in the economy itself but is the result of the inability of medicine to solve the pandemic problem. The coronomic crisis is, by its very nature, an atypical economic crisis and is fundamentally different from other atypical economic crises that took place in the XX century. The coronomic crisis put the issue of the “crisis of globalization” on the agenda. The coronomic crisis exposed the weaknesses of globalization. Overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic is possible exclusively at the global level. The paper shows that the current process of de-globalization is “forced” by its nature and it will definitely be replaced by a qualitatively renewed process of globalization. Economic recovery from the corona crisis will be most successful only on the basis of the adherence to a free trade regime. In economic science, the problem of government intervention in the economy, especially during the pandemic and the post-pandemic period, is still relevant. The corona crisis has clearly confirmed the inability of inflation targeting to achieve macroeconomic stability. The coronomic crisis requires two approaches to economic policy. In particular, we mean an anti-crisis economic policy and a post-crisis economic policy. Economic incentives provided by the government to businesses contribute to the zombieing of the economy which will be one of the most difficult problems of the post-crisis period. The coronomic crisis made the issue of the economic security of each individual country even more urgent. The problem of ensuring food security is equally important. The economic policy of the post-crisis period must necessarily include measures to ensure a country’s food security. Since the possibility of a repetition of a pandemic in the future is similar to the current one, the problems of coronomics should remain in the field of study of economists for many years.

scholarly journals Monetary policy change of the Central bank of Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-259
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Kraś
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Democratic Character ◽  
National Bank ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government

Abstract The National Bank of Poland is an institution which, in conjunction with the government is responsible for the implementation of country’s economic policy reinforces its democratic character. Provisions of its operation are governed by the Constitution of The Republic of Poland and by the Act on the National Bank of Poland. To this end, the objective of the present research is to analyse the proposed amendments in the Act on the NBP. The latter concerns the amendment procedures, term of office and the rotations and numbers of Monetary Policy Council. The remaining part of the analyses is dedicated to the issue of dismissal of a MPC’s member in conjunction with the prohibition of occupying other positions, the adoption of the NBP’s financial statements and the separation of instruments of monetary policy’s instruments for stability of domestic financial system. Introduced changes in the proposed draft reduce the independence of the NBP while making it more subject to the Cabinet. Following the result of further consultations on the draft of Act on the NBP, provisions which reduce the independence of the NBP shall be partially removed.

scholarly journals Testing the Phillips curve in Vietnam

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Dan Van Dang ◽  
Binh Duc Vu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Economic Planning ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Government

This paper employs qualitative and quantitative methods to test the theory of Philips Curve in Vietnam in the period between 2000 and 2014. The results show that the Philips Curve applies to the actual situation of the Vietnam’s economy, which is useful for both macro-economic planning by the Government and monetary policy making by the State Bank of Vietnam. The paper also suggests implications of an increased application of the Philips Curve to the economic policy management, thereby contributing to the stabilized socio-economic development in Vietnam

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