Self-blame Regret, Fear of COVID-19 and Mental Health During Post-Peak Pandemic

Abstract The novel Coronavirus pandemic caused strong negative emotions including fear, and stress and impacted in mental health of individuals worldwide. One of the emotions linked with mental health and infectious disease is self-blame regret. Thus, current study investigated the role of fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress in the relationship between self-blame regret and depression. A community sample of 352 individuals in Turkey (71 % female and 29 % males), ranged between in age18 and 63 (M= 28.90±8.90), completed fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S), perceived stress (PSS-10), DASS-21 scales and responded to one item concerning the self-blame regret. Results demonstrated that self-blame regret is positively correlated with fear of COVID-19, perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Moreover, serial multiple mediation analyses demonstrated that both fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress mediated in the relationship between self-blame regret and depression. Findings and implications are discussed.

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Perceived Stress in Older Dementia Caregivers: Mediation by Loneliness and Depression

American Journal of Alzheimer s Disease & Other Dementias® ◽

10.1177/15333175211064756 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

pp. 153331752110647

Author(s):

Guerry Peavy ◽

Ann M. Mayo ◽

Cynthia Avalos ◽

Amanda Rodriguez ◽

Benjamin Shifflett ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Stress ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Functional Independence ◽

Multiple Mediation ◽

Dementia Caregivers ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Mental And Physical Health

Coupled with aging, chronic stress experienced by dementia caregivers often leads to deteriorating health. Comparing caregivers and non-caregivers, we tested whether depression and loneliness mediate the relationship between caregiver status and a measure of chronic stress, the Perceived Stress Scale. Seventy-six cognitively normal older adults (mean age 72.7) were identified as caregivers or non-caregivers based on the functional independence of a paired family member. Caregivers reported more perceived stress, depression, and loneliness than non-caregivers. Using multiple mediation analyses, we found that loneliness and depression mediated the relationship of caregiver status with perceived stress. The loneliness effect on perceived stress was both direct and via its relationship with depressive symptoms. The findings suggest loneliness as a likely point of intervention to reduce caregiver stress. Initiatives to enable caregivers to maintain or develop social relationships apart from caregiver responsibilities may mitigate stress and its negative impact on mental and physical health.

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Emotional intelligence and depressive symptoms in Spanish institutionalized elders: does emotional self-efficacy act as a mediator?

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.2246 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e2246 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Octavio Luque-Reca ◽

José María Augusto-Landa ◽

Manuel Pulido-Martos

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Positive Association ◽

Multiple Mediation ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Emotional Ability ◽

The Relationship

Background.This work examines the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and depressive symptomatology in institutionalized older adults, delving into the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Considering that previous evidence of the variation of the EI-depression relationship depending on whether the emotional ability or the perception of that ability is evaluated, a model of multiple mediation was tested in which the dimensions of emotional self-efficacy (ESE) act as mediators in the relationship between ability EI and depressive symptomatology.Methods.The sample consisted of 115 institutionalized older adults (47.82% women; 80.3 ± 7.9 years of age) from the province of Jaén (Spain) who completed a test of ESE, a measure of ability EI, and a self-administered questionnaire of depressive symptoms.Results.The results showed a positive association between older adults’ emotional performance and depressive symptomatology, finding stronger associations with ESE than with EI abilities. In addition, multiple mediation analyses showed that two of the four dimensions of ESE fully mediated the relationship between ability EI and depressive symptoms.Discussion.These findings suggest that older adults’ high levels of emotional competence generate a feeling of ESE which can protect them against depressive symptoms. This work supports the predictive validity of emotional abilities and ESE for the mental health of a group that is particularly vulnerable to depression, institutionalized older adults. The limitations of the work are discussed, and future lines of research were considered.

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Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Psychosocial risk Factors among University Students: The Moderating and Mediating Effects of Resilience

10.31124/advance.11914911 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cyrille Kossigan KOKOU KPOLOU ◽

Askar Jumageldinov ◽

Sunyoung Park ◽

Nicolas Nieuviarts ◽

Pari-Gole Noorishad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

University Students ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Individual Resilience

Background: Previous studies have indicated that university students constitute a higher risk population for mental health problems, especially for depression. Yet, there appears to be a lack of literature addressing a such issues in France. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence rates of depression, its sociodemographic correlates in French university students (FUS), and to examine whether individual resilience resources moderated and mediated the relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Methods: The data were collected through web-based questionnaires. The sample included 1435 FUS with a mean age of 20.5 (SD = 3.38) years. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Perceived Stress Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Descriptive, multiple logistic regression and mediation analyses were used. Results: With respect to the BDI-II’s cutoff scores, 20.3% and 22.8% were positive to moderate and severe depression, respectively (43.1%). Gender and education attainment appeared as moderate risk factors when accounting for cumulative effect of perceived stress and individual resilience. Resilience was found to buffer and mediate partially the perceived stress–depression relationship. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression was higher in FUS, as similar to those reported in previous studies. The amount of academic and daily stress explained this prevalence. University students with low resilience level were more at risk. Interventions with aim to improving resilience skills could help to mitigate the negative effects of stress and to promote mental health in this population.

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Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Associated Psychosocial risk Factors among University Students: The Moderating and Mediating Effects of Resilience

10.31124/advance.11914911.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Cyrille Kossigan KOKOU KPOLOU ◽

Askar Jumageldinov ◽

Sunyoung Park ◽

Nicolas Nieuviarts ◽

Pari-Gole Noorishad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

University Students ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Cumulative Effect ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Individual Resilience

Background: Previous studies have indicated that university students constitute a higher risk population for mental health problems, especially for depression. Yet, there appears to be a lack of literature addressing a such issues in France. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence rates of depression, its sociodemographic correlates in French university students (FUS), and to examine whether individual resilience resources moderated and mediated the relationship between perceived stress and depressive symptoms. Methods: The data were collected through web-based questionnaires. The sample included 1435 FUS with a mean age of 20.5 (SD = 3.38) years. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Perceived Stress Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Descriptive, multiple logistic regression and mediation analyses were used. Results: With respect to the BDI-II’s cutoff scores, 20.3% and 22.8% were positive to moderate and severe depression, respectively (43.1%). Gender and education attainment appeared as moderate risk factors when accounting for cumulative effect of perceived stress and individual resilience. Resilience was found to buffer and mediate partially the perceived stress–depression relationship. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression was higher in FUS, as similar to those reported in previous studies. The amount of academic and daily stress explained this prevalence. University students with low resilience level were more at risk. Interventions with aim to improving resilience skills could help to mitigate the negative effects of stress and to promote mental health in this population.

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Poor Emotion Regulation Ability Mediates the Link between Depressive Symptoms and Affective Bipolarity - Preprint

10.31234/osf.io/u6x92 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Egon Dejonckheere

Keyword(s):

Emotion Regulation ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Negative Emotion ◽

Community Sample ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Mediating Mechanisms ◽

Emotional Complexity ◽

The Relationship

People’s relationship between positive and negative affect varies on a continuum from relatively independent to bipolar opposites, with stronger bipolar opposition being termed affective bipolarity. Experiencing more depressive symptoms is associated with increased bipolarity, but the processes underlying this relation are not yet understood. Here, we sought to replicate this link, and to examine the role of two potential mediating mechanisms: emotion regulation ability, and trait brooding. Drawing from the Dynamic Model of Affect, we hypothesized that (a) a poor ability to regulate negative emotion, and (b) the tendency to brood over one’s depressed feelings would predict stronger affective bipolarity, and mediate the relationship between depressive symptoms and affective bipolarity. To measure affective bipolarity, we calculated within-person affect correlations using two weeks of experience sampling data from a community sample (n = 100). Mediation analyses indicated that baseline assessments of an inability to regulate negative emotions in general, but not brooding specifically, mediated the relation between depressive symptoms and affective bipolarity. These findings highlight an initial mechanism through which depressive symptoms are associated with lower emotional complexity and flexibility.

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Interest consistency can buffer the effect of COVID-19 fear on psychological distress

10.31234/osf.io/ygz37 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Akihiro Masuyama ◽

Takahiro Kubo ◽

Daichi Sugawara ◽

Yuta Chishima

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Buffering Effect ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Stress Scale ◽

Recent Outbreak ◽

The Relationship

In the context of a recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the present study investigated the buffering effect of grit on the relationship between fear of COVID-19 and psychological distress. The data were collected from 224 Japanese participants (98 females; mean age = 46.56, SD = 13.41) in July 2020. The measures used in this study included the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S), Short Grit Scale, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale 21 (DASS). The results of mediation analyses revealed significant indirect effects of consistency of interest, a major component of grit, on psychological distress; we also found non-significant indirect effects of perseverance of effort, another major component of grit, on psychological distress. These results suggest that consistency of interest buffers the psychological distress induced by fear of COVID-19. Based on these results, it can be concluded that individuals with higher consistency of interest are less likely to experience worsening of their mental health, even if they experience fear of COVID-19 during the pandemic.

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Coping Style as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Deliberate Self-Harm

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000083 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 272-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Allison S. Christian ◽

Kristen M. McCabe

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Undergraduate Students ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Self Report ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Deliberate Self Harm ◽

Self Blame ◽

Self Harm ◽

The Relationship

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a casual relation exists between self-isolation and DSH, and obscures the direction of that relationship. Conclusions: Results suggest targeting self-isolation as a means of DSH prevention and intervention among nonclinical, youth populations.

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Perceived stress and suicidal behaviors in college students: Conditional indirect effects of depressive symptoms and mental health stigma.

Stigma and Health ◽

10.1037/sah0000125 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 98-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jameson K. Hirsch ◽

Jessica Kelliher Rabon ◽

Esther E. Reynolds ◽

Alison L. Barton ◽

Edward C. Chang

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

College Students ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Indirect Effects ◽

Mental Health Stigma ◽

Suicidal Behaviors ◽

Conditional Indirect Effects

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Inflammation and the Association of Vitamin D and Depressive Symptomatology

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13061972 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 1972

Author(s):

Ezgi Dogan-Sander ◽

Roland Mergl ◽

Anja Willenberg ◽

Ronny Baber ◽

Kerstin Wirkner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Community Sample ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Complex Relationship ◽

Moderation Effect ◽

Mediation Analyses

Depression and vitamin D deficiency are major public health problems. The existing literature indicates the complex relationship between depression and vitamin D. The purpose of this study was to examine whether this relationship is moderated or mediated by inflammation. A community sample (n = 7162) from the LIFE-Adult-Study was investigated, for whom depressive symptoms were assessed via the German version of CES-D scale and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and inflammatory markers (IL-6 and CRP levels, WBC count) were quantified. Mediation analyses were performed using Hayes’ PROCESS macro and regression analyses were conducted to test moderation effects. There was a significant negative correlation between CES-D and 25(OH)D, and positive associations between inflammatory markers and CES-D scores. Only WBC partially mediated the association between 25(OH)D levels and depressive symptoms both in a simple mediation model (ab: −0.0042) and a model including covariates (ab: −0.0011). None of the inflammatory markers showed a moderation effect on the association between 25(OH)D levels and depressive symptoms. This present work highlighted the complex relationship between vitamin D, depressive symptoms and inflammation. Future studies are needed to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on inflammation and depressive symptomatology for causality assessment.

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