scholarly journals The influence of player height on service performance in professional female tennis

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (79) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Alejandro Sánchez-Pay ◽  
José Antonio Ortega-Soto ◽  
Bernardino J. Sánchez-Alcaráz
Keyword(s):  
Service Performance ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Female Player

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of female player height on service related parameters. Statistics on service performance and height of female players were gathered from the second round onwards in all Grand Slam tournaments. Findings showed that the taller the player, the higher the serve average speed, serve maximum speed in, number of aces and number of points won with the first service (%), however, the number of double faults will increase as well. The Wimbledon surface (grass, fast court) favours taller players, who win a higher percentage of points with their first services here when compared to other surfaces. The findings of this study help to recognize the influence of height in female tennis in service related parameters, as well as the differences between the surfaces.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Strong Updrafts in Precipitation Systems over the Central Tropical Pacific Ocean and in the Amazon

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas F. Anderson ◽  
Cedric A. Grainger ◽  
Jeffrey L. Stith
Keyword(s):  
Mass Flux ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Tropical Pacific Ocean ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Convective Storms ◽  
Similarities And Differences

Abstract Airborne in situ measurements of updrafts in tropical convective storms were analyzed to determine the similarities and differences between updrafts in a tropical continental and a tropical oceanic region. Two hundred fifteen updraft cores from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) component of the Large Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere (LBA) experiment (tropical continental wet season) and 377 updraft cores from the Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX) (tropical oceanic) were analyzed in a similar manner to that of previous studies of tropical updrafts. Average speed, maximum speed, width, and mass flux of the updraft cores from the TRMM-LBA and KWAJEX were generally similar to each other and also were similar to results from previous studies of tropical updrafts.

scholarly journals Pelanggaran Kecepatan Kendaraan pada Ruas Jalan Tol Cipularang. (Hal. 39-49)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Rizki Intan Mauliza ◽  
Tania Bonita Sabrina ◽  
Wahyu Maulana
Keyword(s):  
Search Method ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Speed Limit ◽  
Toll Roads ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Toll Road ◽  
Road Speed

ABSTRAKSalah satu faktor penyebab kecelakaan yang signifikan adalah tidak sesuainya kecepatan kendaraan dengan kondisi jalan, lingkungan dan kegiatan, dalam hal ini adalah kecepatan yang terlalu tinggi. Jalan tol/jalan bebas hambatan merupakan salah satu jalan yang berpotensi memiliki banyak pelanggaran dalam kecepatan kendaraan. Batasan kecepatan jalan tol telah di atur dalam PM Hub 111/2015 yaitu 40 km/jam untuk tol dalam kota dan 60 km/jam - 100 km/jam untuk tol luar kota. Untuk memastikan kecepatan rata-rata kendaraan dan menentukan tingkat pelanggaran kendaraan yang melintasi ruas jalan tol Cipularang maka penelitian menggunakan metode pengumpulan data primer/pengamatan secara langsung. Hasil analisis secara keseluruhan didapatkan bahwa rata-rata kecepatan kendaraan mobil penumpang sebesar 88 km/jam, truk 62 km/jam dan bus 72 km/jam dengan persentasi kecepatan rata-rata untuk mobil penumpang, truk dan bus berturut-turut sebesar 43%, 5% dan 22%. Hal ini menunjukan terdapat pelanggaran batas kecepatan maksimum untuk kendaraan mobil penumpang dengan prosentase yang tinggi (lebih dari 30%) atau kecepatan rata-rata lebih dari 80 km/jam.Kata kunci: kecelakaan, batas kecepatan, jalan tol ABSTRACTOne factors of a significant accident is not according to the speed of the vehicle with the environment, environment and activities, in this case the speed is too high. Toll road / freeway is one of the roads that has many roads in the vehicle. The toll road speed limit has been set in PM Hub 111/2015, which is 40 km/hour  for city tolls and 60 km/hour  100 km/hour for out-of-city toll roads. To determine the average speed of a vehicle and determine the level of the vehicle passing through the Cipularang toll road, the study uses the primary data / direct search method. The overall analysis results are obtained that the average speed of passenger car vehicles is 88 km/hour, trucks 62 km/hour and buses 72 km/hour with the percentage of average speed for passenger cars, trucks and buses being helped-along by 43%, 5% and 22%. This shows the maximum speed limit for passenger car vehicles with a higher percentage (more than 30%) or an average speed of more than 80 km/hour.Keywords: accidents, speed limits, toll roads

Paper 5. Industrial Vehicle Torque Converter Transmissions

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (9) ◽  
pp. 97-113
Author(s):  
D. J. K. Stuart
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Duty Cycle ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Torque Converter ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Delivery Vehicle ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Design Specifications ◽  
Private Car

The highway vehicle is concerned with transporting persons or freight over substantial distances, usually at as high an average speed as the conditions will permit. The high-performance private car and the door-to-door delivery vehicle represent opposite ends of the scale of the duty cycle. In the latter case, the very cycle itself—stop-start characteristics, the high percentage of standing time resulting in relatively small mileage, and the small penalty of limited maximum speed—represents cumulative factors in respect of which the basic economics of the battery-operated electric vehicle dominates other considerations. Thus, in order to arrive at design specifications it is essential to consider the duty cycle which, in the case of all types of industrial vehicle, is characterized by the need to execute a high proportion of forward/reverse manoeuvres, long periods of low-speed operation, and the provision of an increasing complexity of powered auxiliary equipment.

Maximum Speed of Female High School Runners

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Chow
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female High School ◽  
Support Time

The purposes of this study were to develop a cinematographic technique to obtain selected parameters over an entire 100-m ran and to evaluate selected characteristics of the maximum speed phase (MSP) and the final phase (FP) for female high school runners. The MSP was defined as the part of the 100-m run consisting of the five consecutive strides which together have the largest average speed value, and the FP as the last 10 m of the 100-m run. Twelve sprinters with best 100-m times from 12.3 to 13.4 s served as subjects. The major findings of this study were that (a) maximum speeds of 8.0-8.4 m/s were reached 23-37 m from the start, (b) an average of 7.3% of the maximum speed was lost by the FP, (c) no significant difference was found between the average stride lengths during the MSP and the FP, (d) the average stride frequency during the FP was equal to 93% of the corresponding value during the MSP, and (e) the decrease in average speed from the MSP to the FP was associated with an increase in support time from the MSP to the FP.

Decrease Selected Graphomotor Skills in Early Stages of Alzheimer's Dementia

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S652-S653
Author(s):  
E.J. Gorzelańczyk ◽  
K. Pasgreta ◽  
P. Walecki
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Specialized Software ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Drawing Test ◽  
Graphic Tablet ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionIn the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) motor and cognitive dysfunctions has been observed.ObjectivesIn previous studies we have shown that AD patients present abnormalities of selected graphomotor skills, but results were vary and not conclusive. In this study, we conducted more extensive tests on a larger study group.AimsThe aim of the study is to identify which graphomotor functions are impaired in the early stages of AD.MethodsSeventy-one patients with mild and moderate AD (F.00.0, F.00.1, F.00.2) (MMSE 20.3 ± 3.8; age 79.1 ± 5.21) were examined. Forty-four healthy ones (C) without symptoms of dementia, matched for demographic characteristics (MMSE 29 ± 1.1; age 78.3 ± 4.7) were examined. Graphomotor skills were assessed by the original drawing test (the eight figures and the signature) performed in a magnetic field (resolution 2540 dpi and 1024 pressure levels). These test were implemented on a graphic tablet (Wacom Intuos) with the specialized software. The length and time of drawing, the average and maximum speed of drawing, the average and maximum momentary speed, the amplitude and frequency (with FFT spectrum analysis) of hand tremors were measured.ResultsStatistical analysis of the graphomotor signal revealed differences between the AD group and the C group with respect to various parameters. The largest differences have been observed in partially automated skills such as signature, and not drawing shapes (lines, spiral, etc.). The average speed of signature and maximum momentary speed of signature is lower in the AD group.ConclusionsThis method allows for quantitative and objective measurement of the biophysical signal and assessment of the graphomotor skills.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Analysis of Particle Motion in Vertical Shaft Impact Crusher Rotor

2011 ◽  
Vol 199-200 ◽  
pp. 54-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Rong Duan ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
Fang Zhao ◽  
Dong Ning Su
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Simulation ◽  
Particle Motion ◽  
Maximum Force ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Vertical Shaft ◽  
Particle Interactions ◽  
Average Force ◽  
Particle Field ◽  
Average Speed

The rotor of vertical shaft impact crusher was modeled by SolidWorks and imported into EDEM for dynamic simulation. The average speed, maximum speed, average force, maximum force with time were analyzed in rotor, so the true law of particles motion in rotor would be revealed, indicated that the speed of particle field in rotor increased with the rotor radius at the time of rotor work steady, about 80% of the particles were accelerated to the maximum speed, and the change of speed affected significantly the particle interactions.

scholarly journals The social environment of early ontogenesis and the formation of research behavior in adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
A.Yu. Shishelova ◽  
V.V. Raevsky
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Testing Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

The influence of changes in the social environment in the nest from the 2nd to the 20th day of life on the manifestation of research behavior in adulthood has been studied. The study was performed on Wistar rats. To assess the motor activity used standard indicators of behavior in the “open field”. Analyzed the length of the path, the average speed of movement of the individual, the maximum speed of movement during the testing period, the time spent without visible movement, the number of exits to the central zone. It has been established that intact individuals, brought up together with sensory deprived siblings, change the severity of research behavior. It was revealed that the critical period during which a change in the social environment has a more significant influence on the formation of research behavior is the period from the 9th to the 20th day of life.

scholarly journals Analysis of Energy Management of Garnesa Electric Car Based Numerical Simulation Modeling

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-189
Author(s):  
Bidya Nur Habib ◽  
Agung Prijo Budijono
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Mechanical System ◽  
Travel Time ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Electric Car

Designing an electric car to compete with ESCC should be guided by Vehicle Construction and Stability. One of the areas to consider when designing at the research and development stage is the Mechanical Mechanical System (Rotational Mechanical System). These systems include, wheels, transmissions (gear connections), electric motor rotors and shafts. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of vehicle energy management on driver driving strategies during the ESCC competition. This is based on Wheel Mechanical System modeling, Dynamic System Analysis and Free Body Diagram. The method used is based on Numerical Simulation. The data parameters used are based on independent variables and control variables. The independent variable of this study is the angular velocity (Vω), linear velocity (v) of the vehicle, friction coefficient value (B), shaft stiffness (K), wheel diameter, gear diameter, wheel mass and moment inertia of the wheel. Control variables is technical regulation of ESCC Urban Concept. This Numerical Simulation Test is to determine the required electrical power, travel time and distance of the vehicle. The results showed that the energy needed by GARNESA electric car  with an average speed selection of 9.42 m /s based on a maximum speed of 10.15 m /s and a minimum speed of 8.70 m /s requires the amount of power 248.15 Watt. Travel time is 180 seconds in one lap. The distance obtained is 1357 m. Driving strategy based on average speed of 9.42 m /s consumes less power and the distance obtained will be more far.

scholarly journals Activity Demands and Speed Profile of Young Female Basketball Players Using Ultra-Wide Band Technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1477
Author(s):  
María Reina ◽  
Javier García-Rubio ◽  
Sergio J. Ibáñez
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Wide Band ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Ultra Wide Band ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Speed Profile ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Playing Time ◽  
And Gender

Performance profiles have begun to be identified as extremely useful in order to help coaches individualize training according to the age and gender of athletes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the activity demands and speed profile of U18 female basketball players during competitive matches. Time variables (real and playing time), distance variables (distance performed, distance in speed zones, high intensity distance and distance covered sprinting) and speed variables (number of sprints, sprint duration, maximum speed and average speed) were recorded from forty-eight players belonging to four teams (13 guards, 22 forwards and 13 centers). WIMUPROTM inertial measurement units with ultra-wide band (UWB) indoor-tracking technology recorded six matches during final four in the season 2018/2019. A one factor ANOVA with Cohen’s effect sizes (d) were used to identify the differences between groups (playing position and match day). Distance per minute (123.96 vs 112.67 m), high intensity distance per minute (15.48 vs 14 m), running distance (403.2 vs 541.28 m) and average speed (5.05 vs 5.41 km/h) were significantly higher on day 3 than 1, respectively. About playing position, forwards played more minutes during games, so covered a greater distance, more sprints and high intensity actions than the rest. In spite of fatigue, day 3 showed a greater intensity than day 1, therefore, the last day was the crucial one for the teams in the tournament. Forwards when playing more minutes obtain higher absolute values ​​but not per minute which could mean a lower performance of the team.

Studies on the flight of black-flies (Diptera: Simuliidae). I. Flight performance ofSimulium ornatumMeigen

1982 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Cooter
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Flight Performance ◽  
Black Flies ◽  
Flight Duration ◽  
Average Speed ◽  
Maximum Duration ◽  
High Level ◽  
Age Range

AbstractThe flight performance ofSimulium ornatumMg. s.l. was measured under laboratory conditions using a simple flight mill. Males and unmated females were flown and the duration, distance and average speed of flight were recorded for adults fed on water only, sucrose, blood & water, or blood & sucrose. On 91% of all test occasions sucrose-fed insects flew but 25% of those on water only did not fly. Feeding flies on 10% sucrose solution markedly improved both willingness to fly and flight performance, and under these conditions maximum duration, distance and average speed recorded were 4.9 h, 4·2 km and 2·84 km/h, respectively. The ratio of average to maximum speed was 0·631 for females and 0·610 for males, with absolute maximum speeds of 3·19 and 2·99 km/h, respectively. Duration and distance flown were well-correlated, speed being the least variable aspect of flight performance measured. The distributions of flight duration and distance flown were skewed such that few insects made long flights. Mean flight performance at different ages was measured; unmated females appeared to retain a high level of willingness to fly throughout the age-range tested (up to 33 days). The longest recorded flight (5·3 h) was made by a female during an overnight experiment. The implications for long-range flight movements by simuliids are discussed.

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