A Comparative Study between Conventional and Modified Leishman Stain

Introduction: Leishman stain has been used as the stain of choice for peripheral blood films since many decades .But it has a disadvantage of consuming 15 minutes for the procedure alone thereby increasing the turn around time of peripheral smear reporting. In this study modified Leishman stain was made by adding phenol to conventional Leishman to reduce the staining time to 3 minutes without interfering with the quality of stain. Aim: To study the quality of modified Leishman stain in comparison with conventional preparation on peripheral blood smears. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out in Central Haematology laboratory of a tertiary health care centre in Southern India. A pilot study was done to determine the ideal ratio of phenol to Leishman powder in preparing modified stain without compromising the staining quality. After obtaining consent, the blood sample was collected in anticoagulated vials. Sample size was calculated to be 85.Two thin wedge smears were prepared from each sample and one was stained with conventional Leishman stain and other with modified Leishman stain. The staining characteristics were assessed and scored by an experienced pathologist in terms of 6 parameters- RBC pattern, nuclear pattern, neutrophil granules, eosinophil granules, platelets and background staining. The grades were 1, 2, 3 & 4 (poor, satisfied, good and excellent). Smears each with grades 2, 3 and 4 were selected for study. The results were analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.0. Result: The mean value for the staining quality using conventional method was 4.73 and for modified method was 5.39, and the total score possible is 6. Photomicrograph showed excellent results with modified Leishman stain. Thus from these values we can interpret that modified method gave much more acceptable results than that of conventional method. Conclusion: Unlike the conventional method which requires a total of 15 minutes, to complete the staining process, modified Leishman staining techniques takes only 3 minutes. Blood films can be stained within a short period of time thus aiding in rapid diagnosis and treatment of patients. Keywords: Leishman stain, Modified Leishman stain, Phenol.

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Sleep Quality and Related Determinants among Stroke Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Iranian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.18502/ijps.v17i1.8052 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Salman Khazaei ◽

Erfan Ayubi ◽

Mahdi Khazaei ◽

Mojtaba Khazaei ◽

Gita Afrookhteh

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study

Objective: Effective rehabilitation and better quality of life among stroke patients are functions of several factors such as quality and pattern of sleep. The present study aimed to evaluate sleep quality and related determinants in such patients. Method: The present cross-sectional study was performed from October to December 2019 among stroke patients who were admitted to Sina Hospital, Hamadan, Iran. We used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire to determine sleep quality in these patients. Significant determinants of the global score of PSQI were identified via multivariable linear regression. Results: A total of 97 stroke patients (age 67±79 years, 55.7% male) were enrolled into the study. Prevalence of poor sleep was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.91) in stroke patients. Patients with nervous tension and those with surgical treatment and with Non-hemorrhagic CT scan had a predicted increase of 1.65, 2.91 and 3.25 in the mean of the global PSQI score (P ≤ 0.05), respectively. Conclusion: Nervous tension, treatment method, results of CT scan and cardiac problems may be associated with post-stroke sleep disorder.

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Quality of life assessment among Cystic Fibrosis patients in Palestine: Cross Sectional Study

10.22541/au.163256036.65083172/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Samya Salah ◽

Nisreen Rumman ◽

Amal Nassar ◽

Maher Khdour ◽

Hussein Hallak

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

West Bank ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Value ◽

Life Assessment ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group I

Objective: To assess the quality of life (QoL) of Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in West Bank, Palestine using the Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R) form. Method: A cross-sectional study involving application of CFQ-R questionnaire in CF patients attending pediatric pulmonology clinic at Caritas Baby Hospital (CBH). Their health status was assessed by measuring different parameters including pulmonary function test (FEV1) and body mass index (BMI). Results: The sample consisted of 77 patients from 58 families: 46.75% were males. Mean age was 10.7 years. Patients were divided into three groups by age in years: group I (< 6), II (6-13), and III (≥ 14). The highest and lowest CFQ scores were for the eat domain in group III (55.56 ± 22.49) and the body domain in group II (14.48 ± 17.67), respectively. Illness severity as measured by FEV1 mean value 69.6. BMI mean value of 15.998. The overall mean age at time of diagnosis in our sample was 4.16 years (± 6.239). The study showed that 1.7% of families had four affected siblings and 21% had death cases related to CF. Finally, all parameters for CF patients in West Bank, Palestine appear to be noticeably lower than those reported in other countries. Conclusions: quality of life for patients with CF is poor relative to international standards, the medications used including hypertonic saline and Gentamycin IV form used as nebulizer solution are not first line therapies around the world. This study illustrates the need of new therapies for CF patients in Palestine.

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Impact of allergic rhinitis on quality of life and main risk factor: a study in Jazan region

International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20212335 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Radeif Shamakhi ◽

Musleh Mubarki

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Inflammatory Disorder ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common inflammatory disorder that affects the upper respiratory tract. It affects about one-third of the world’s population. The prevalence of rhinitis varies greatly in various countries and also in various parts of the same country. With this disease, the quality of life which includes sleep disturbances, fatigue, diminished memory, depression is decreased because of the direct impact on the life of the patient.Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on patients over the age of 18 years old who suffered from symptoms of allergic rhinitis between 1 March 2021 to 30 March 2021 in Jizan regionPatients were answered for questionnaires that sent for them online through social media.Results: A total of 37 participants enrolled. According to the ARIA guidelines, patients were divided into four groups: a moderate to severe intermittent group that comprised the majority of the patients 38%, a mild intermittent group 19%, a moderate to severe permanent group 27%, and a mild permanent group 15%. Among the total of 37 patients, the quality of life was mildly affected in 35% and severely influenced in 65% patients.Conclusions: In the patients studied in Saudi Arabia's southern area, allergic rhinitis can have a negative impact on sleep quality, mood, and daily activities.

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Influence of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics on the quality of life

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh1106360g ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 139 (5-6) ◽

pp. 360-365

Author(s):

Gordana Grbic ◽

Dragoljub Djokic ◽

Sanja Kocic ◽

Dejan Mitrasinovic ◽

Ljiljana Rakic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Life Quality ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Value ◽

Subjective Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socioeconomic Characteristics ◽

Significant Difference

Introduction. The quality of life is a multidimensional concept, which is best expressed by the subjective well-being. Evaluation of the quality of life is the basis for measuring the well-being, and the determination of factors that determine the quality of life quality is the basis for its improvement Objective. To evaluate and assess the determinants of the perceived quality of life of group distinguishing features which characterize demographic and socioeconomic factors. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the population in Serbia aged over 20 years (9479 examinees). The quality of life was expressed by the perception of well-being (pleasure of life). Data on the examinees (demographic and socioeconomic characteristics) were collected by using a questionnaire for adults of each household. To process, analyze and present the data, we used the methods of parametric descriptive statistics (mean value, standard deviation, coefficient of variation), variance analysis and factor analysis. Results. Although men evaluated the quality of life with a slightly higher grading, there was no statistically significant difference in the evaluation of the quality of life in relation to the examinee?s gender (p>0.005). Among the examinees there was a high statistically significant difference in grading the quality of life depending on age, level of education, marital status and type of job (p<0.001). In relation to the number of children, there was no statistically significant difference in he grading of the quality of life (p>0.005). Conclusion. The quality of life is influenced by numerous factors that characterize each person (demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of individual). Determining factors of the quality of life are numerous and diverse, and the manner and the strength of their influence are variable.

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Assessment of undernutrition among Santal children of Bolpur-Sriniketan block of Birbhum District, West Bengal, India

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW ◽

10.52756/ijerr.2018.v15.003 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

Mithu Bhadra ◽

◽

Maitrayee Mitra ◽

Shubhrakanti Baul ◽

Ashish Mukhopadhyay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Bengal ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Mean Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Severe Stunting ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study ◽

Z Scores ◽

The Mean ◽

Height For Age

Present cross sectional study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of 348 pre-primary and primary school going Santal children aged 4 to 10 years which includes 186 boys and 162 girls of Bolpur-Sriniketan Block, Birbhum, West Bengal. Anthropometric measurements of height and weight were measured using standard procedure. The analyses reveals that the mean value of height of boys is slightly greater than that of the girls but the mean value of both weight and BMI of girls are slightly greater than those of the boys. The differences in height, weight and BMI between boys and girls were not statistically significant. The age group wise distribution of undernutrition of both boys and girls were identified by calculating age specific z-scores values. On the basis of both weight for age and BMI for age, the percentage of severe and moderate underweight is higher among the boys than the girls. On the basis of height for age, the percentage of severe stunting is higher among the boys than the girls but the percentage of moderate stunting is higher among the girls than the boys. The study concludes that the boys are more affected by undernutrition in the form of underweight and stunting than girls.

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Epidemiological Study of Myasthenia Gravis in Patients Referring to Farshchian Hospital in Hamadan

International Electronic Journal of Medicine ◽

10.34172/iejm.2020.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 75-79

Author(s):

Azadeh Naderi ◽

Molood Bayat ◽

Nasim Karimi ◽

Ghodratollah Roshanaei ◽

Mehrdokht Mazdeh

Keyword(s):

Myasthenia Gravis ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study ◽

Unsteady Gait ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Study Population

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease that leads to fatigue and weakness after voluntary activities. If early diagnosed, MG can be treated, and a person’s performance and quality of life can be greatly improved as well. Materials and Methods: The study population of the present cross-sectional study included 80 patients with MG referring to Sina (Farshchian) hospital in Hamadan, Iran. The inclusion criterion included complete medical files. Finally, the variables were investigated using the chi-square test and two-sample t test by SPSS, version 16. Results: The mean (standard deviation) of the patients’ age was 45.6 ± 15.8 years and most patients (55.5%) were females and 72.5% of them were married. In addition, weakness, lethargy, and premature fatigue were the most common symptoms (47.5%) in patients while unsteady gait was the lowest prevalent symptom (11.3%). There was no significant relationship between gender and the incidence of symptoms in patients (P>0.05). However, a significant relationship was found between patients’ age with the shortness of breath and unsteady gait (P<0.05). Eventually, most women, especially married and elderly ones, contracted the disease. Conclusion: In general, there is a proper treatment for MG considering its early diagnosis. Accordingly, it is recommended that the level of awareness should be increased about the disease and provide appropriate medical and therapeutic facilities in this regard.

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Toxoplasma-Infected Subjects Report an Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Diagnosis More Often and Score Higher in Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.09.001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 82-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

J. Flegr ◽

J. Horáček

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Psychological Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Women Subjects ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Present Cross Sectional Study ◽

Serious Disease

AbstractBackgroundLatent toxoplasmosis, the life-long presence of dormant stages of Toxoplasma in immunoprivileged organs and of anamnestic IgG antibodies in blood, affects about 30% of humans. Infected subjects have an increased incidence of various disorders, including schizophrenia. Several studies, as well as the character of toxoplasmosis-associated disturbance of neurotransmitters, suggest that toxoplasmosis could also play an etiological role in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).MethodsThe aim of the present cross-sectional study performed on a population of 7471 volunteers was to confirm the association between toxoplasmosis and OCD, and toxoplasmosis and psychological symptoms of OCD estimated by the standard Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (OCI-R).ResultsIncidence of OCD was 2.18% (n = 39) in men and 2.28% (n = 83) in women. Subjects with toxoplasmosis had about a 2.5 times higher odds of OCD and about a 2.7 times higher odds of learning disabilities. The incidence of 18 other neuropsychiatric disorders did not differ between Toxoplasma-infected and Toxoplasma-free subjects. The infected subjects, even the OCD-free subjects, scored higher on the OCI-R.Limitations: Examined subjects provided the information about their toxoplasmosis and OCD statuses themselves, which could result in underrating the strength of observed associations.ConclusionsThe results confirmed earlier reports of the association between toxoplasmosis and OCD. They also support recent claims that latent toxoplasmosis is in fact a serious disease with many impacts on quality of life of patients.

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Hearing Outcome of Stapes Surgery in NIENT, Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Otorhinolaryngology ◽

10.3329/bjo.v26i1.47950 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 31-36

Author(s):

Md Zakaria Sarkar ◽

AHM Ferdows Nur ◽

Utpal Kumar Dutta ◽

Muhammad Rafiqul Islam ◽

Debabrota Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Surgical Trauma ◽

Group 14 ◽

Progressive Hearing Loss ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hearing Gain ◽

Hearing Outcome

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate hearing outcome after stapedotomy in patients with Otosclerosis. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from July 2017 to January 2019 in National Institute of ENT, Unit V. About 22 patients with Otosclerosis were included in this study. Diagnosis of Otosclerosis was based on the history, medical status with Otoscopy, Tuning fork tests and Audiometric tests. We compiled data on the pre and post operative air-bone gap (ABG) at 0.5, 1, 2 KHZ. The ABG was Calculated using AC and BC thresholds on the same audiogram. Post operative hearing gain was then Calculated from the ABG before the operation minus the ABG of the last follow up examination Results: In this study most of the cases were age group 14-30 years (72.7%), female (54.5%). Most common symptoms was progressive hearing loss, tinnitus (77.8%).The average preoperative hearing loss in this study was (AC) was 48.31±7.68. The average post opt. hearing (AC) at follow up was 28.95±10.30 with an average hearing gain of 15.40±8.53 dB which was significant. The average pre-operative ABG was 28.99 dB ± 8.10. The average post opt. ABG was analyzed at 1 follow up showed ABG 13.18±8.09 dB which was found to be significant. Conclusion: Stapedotomy is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of otosclerosis which leads to improvement in patient’s quality of life. A favorable hearing outcome can be obtained by the combination of experienced hands with minimal surgical trauma and appropriate surgical technique. Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol; April 2020; 26(1): 31-36

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