scholarly journals Different Mechanism Involvement in the Formation of Colorectal Cancer; Mega Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 558-573
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Keywords Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
New Treatments

Colorectal cancer was infrequently diagnosed several decades ago. Nowadays, it is the world's fourth most deadly cancer with almost 900,000 deaths annually. Colorectal cancer had a low incidence several decades ago. However, it has become predominant cancer and now accounts for approximately 10% of cancer-related mortality in western countries. The ‘rise’ of colorectal cancer in developed countries can be attributed to the increasingly aging population, unfavorable modern dietary habits and an increase in risk factors such as smoking, low physical exercise and obesity. New treatments for primary and metastatic colorectal cancer have emerged, providing additional options for patients; these treatments include laparoscopic surgery for primary disease, more aggressive resection of metastatic disease (such as liver and pulmonary metastases), radiotherapy for rectal cancer and neoadjuvant and palliative chemotherapies. However, these new treatment options have had a limited impact on cure rates and long-term survival. Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Tumor marker, Hereditary colorectal cancer, Mediterranean diet.

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer: From the Genetic Model to Posttranscriptional Regulation by Noncoding RNAs

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Antonia Lizarbe ◽  
Jorge Calle-Espinosa ◽  
Eva Fernández-Lizarbe ◽  
Sara Fernández-Lizarbe ◽  
Miguel Ángel Robles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
And Function

Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer in developed countries and, despite the improvements achieved in its treatment options, remains as one of the main causes of cancer-related death. In this review, we first focus on colorectal carcinogenesis and on the genetic and epigenetic alterations involved. In addition, noncoding RNAs have been shown to be important regulators of gene expression. We present a general overview of what is known about these molecules and their role and dysregulation in cancer, with a special focus on the biogenesis, characteristics, and function of microRNAs. These molecules are important regulators of carcinogenesis, progression, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastases in cancer, including colorectal cancer. For this reason, miRNAs can be used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and efficacy of chemotherapeutic treatments, or even as therapeutic agents, or as targets by themselves. Thus, this review highlights the importance of miRNAs in the development, progression, diagnosis, and therapy of colorectal cancer and summarizes current therapeutic approaches for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals IL-24-armed oncolytic vaccinia virus exerts potent antitumor effects via multiple pathways in colorectal cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Deng ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Jun Fan ◽  
Yuedi Ding ◽  
Ying Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Colorectal cancer is an aggressive malignancy for which there are limited treatment options. Oncolytic vaccinia virus isbeing developed as a novel strategy for cancer therapy. Arming vaccinia virus with immunostimulatory cytokines can enhance the tumor cell-specific replication and antitumor efficacy. Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is an important immune mediator, as well as a broad-spectrum tumor suppressor. Here, we constructed a targeted vaccinia virus of Guang9 strain harbored IL-24 (VG9-IL-24) to evaluate its antitumor effects. In vitro, VG9-IL-24 induced increased number of apoptotic cells and blocked colorectal cancer cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. VG9-IL-24 induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via multiple apoptotic signaling pathways. In vivo,VG9-IL-24 significantly inhibited the tumor growth and prolonged the survival both in human and murine colorectal cancer models. Besides, VG9-IL-24 stimulated multiple antitumor immune responses and direct bystander antitumor activity. Our results indicate that VG9-IL-24 can inhibit the growth of colorectal cancer tumor by inducing oncolysis and apoptosis as well as stimulating the anti-tumor immune effects. These findings indicate that VG9-IL-24 may exert a potential therapeutic strategy for combating colorectal cancer

Neoplasms of the thymus

2016 ◽  
pp. 655-658
Author(s):  
Rebecca Bütof ◽  
Axel Denz ◽  
Gustavo Baretton ◽  
Jan Stöhlmacher-Williams ◽  
Michael Baumann
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Neoadjuvant Treatment ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Incomplete Resection ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
General Health Condition ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
New Treatment

Thymic tumours are among the malignant diseases with very low incidence. Therefore clinical research and development of new treatment options pose an ongoing challenge. For treatment of thymomas the following methods are used: surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drugs. The optimal type and sequence of therapy depends on tumour stage, histological subtype, and general health condition of the patient. A complete surgical resection is still the mainstay of therapy. For patients with incomplete resection or in locally advanced stages adjuvant radio/chemotherapy is recommended. Neoadjuvant treatment approaches and novel targeted therapies are under investigation. Lifelong follow-up has to be preferred because of possible late recurrences.

A comprehensive overview of colon cancer- a grim reaper of the 21st century

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Seetha Harilal ◽  
Simone Carradori ◽  
Bijo Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
The Individual

: A few decades ago, the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) was low and is now the fourth in the list of deadly cancers producing nearly a million deaths annually. A population that is aging along with risk factors such as smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle with little or no physical activity, and non-healthy food habits of developed countries can increase the risk of colorectal cancer. The balance in gut microbiota and the metabolites produced during bacterial fermentation within the host play a significant role in regulating intestinal diseases as well as colorectal cancer development. Recent progress in the understanding of illness resulted in multiple treatment options such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy including targeted therapy and multitherapies. The treatment plan for CRC depends on location, stage and grade of the cancer as well as genomic biomarker tests. Despite all the advancements made in the genetic and molecular aspects of the disease, the knowledge seems inadequate as the drug action as well as the wide variation in drug response did not appear strongly correlated with the individual molecular and genetic characteristics which suggests the requirement of comprehensive molecular understanding of this complex heterogeneous disease. Furthermore, multitherapies or a broad spectrum approach which is an amalgamation of the various promising as well as effective therapeutic strategies that can tackle heterogeneity and act on several targets of the disease need to be validated in clinical studies. The latest treatment options have significantly increased the survival up to three years in the case of advanced disease. The fact that colorectal cancer is developed from a polypoid precursor as well as the symptoms of the disease occur at an advanced stage, underline how screening programs can help early detection and decrease mortality as well as morbidity from CRC.

New Treatment Options for Colorectal Cancer

2004 ◽  
Vol 351 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Erlichman ◽  
Daniel J. Sargent
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
New Treatment

scholarly journals Advances in the Development of Therapeutics for Cytomegalovirus Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 221 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S32-S44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Acosta ◽  
Terry Bowlin ◽  
Jennifer Brooks ◽  
Lillian Chiang ◽  
Islam Hussein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Onset ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Important Lesson ◽  
Neurologic Outcomes ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
New Treatments

Abstract The development of therapeutics for cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections, while progressing, has not matched the pace of new treatments of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections; nevertheless, recent developments in the treatment of CMV infections have resulted in improved human health and perhaps will encourage the development of new therapeutic approaches. First, the deployment of ganciclovir and valganciclovir for both the prevention and treatment of CMV infections and disease in transplant recipients has been further improved with the licensure of the efficacious and less toxic letermovir. Regardless, late-onset CMV disease, specifically pneumonia, remains problematic. Second, the treatment of congenital CMV infections with valganciclovir has beneficially improved both hearing and neurologic outcomes, both fundamental advances for these children. In these pediatric studies, viral load was decreased but not eliminated. Thus, an important lesson learned from studies in both populations is the need for new antiviral agents and the necessity for combination therapies as has been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of HIV infections, among others. The development of monoclonal antibodies, sirtuins, and cyclopropovir may provide new treatment options.

scholarly journals Ulcerative colitis: STRIDE-ing beyond symptoms with new standards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SW Tay ◽  
KKJ Teh ◽  
TL Ang ◽  
M Tan
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Cancer Colorectal ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Colonic Neoplasms ◽  
High Definition ◽  
New Treatment

The landscape of ulcerative colitis has changed in the last two decades. Advancements in pharmacotherapeutics have heralded the introduction of new treatment options, with many agents in development. Better clinical outcomes are seen with tighter disease control, made possible with greater understanding of inflammatory pathways and their blockade with drugs. There has been a resultant shift in treatment targets, beyond symptoms to endoscopic and histological healing. Controlling the burden of disease activity also lowers the risk of developing colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer screening now requires the use of dye-based agents and high definition colonoscopy to improve detection of colonic neoplasms.

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