THEORETICAL AND LEGAL GROUNDS FOR THE USE OF THE CATEGORIES «STATE CONTROL» AND «STATE SUPERVISION» REGARDING THE ACTIVITIES OF POLITICAL PARTIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-96
Author(s):  
A.V. Ilynykh
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
State Control ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
Legal Grounds

scholarly journals Elite associations and the politics of belonging in Cameroon

Africa ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Nyamnjoh ◽  
Michael Rowlands
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Local Level ◽  
State Control ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Authoritarian State ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Formal Distinction

The development of elite associations has been a consequence of the growth of multi-partyism and the weakening of authoritarian state control in Cameroon in the 1990s. The attachment of electoral votes and rights of citizenship to belonging to ethnicised regions has encouraged the formal distinction between ‘natives’ and ‘strangers’ in the creation of a politics of belonging. The article argues that this development has also led to the replacement of political parties at the local level by ethnicised elite associations as prime movers in regional and national politics.

The Transformation of Labor Unions in Eastern Europe: The Case of Bulgaria

ILR Review ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 452-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
State Control ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
Union Model ◽  
Fundamental Shift ◽  
Structure And Functions

This paper describes changes in trade unions in Bulgaria, where a fundamental shift away from the old communist union model is in progress. The author discusses the emergence of plural unionism, changes in the structure and functions of unions, and changing relationships between unions and political parties. These developments, he concludes, demonstrate that it is possible for unions formerly under strong centralized state control to implement effective labor reforms and to contribute to broader social reforms. Moreover, the author views this transformation in Bulgaria as a lasting one, barring severe political reversals.

Tunisian Revolution: prerequisites, features, legal grounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksim Zheltov
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The People ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Tunisian Revolution ◽  
First Time ◽  
Legal Grounds ◽  
The Revolution

The monograph is devoted to the consideration of one of the urgent problems of political theory and practice — the revolution of freedom and dignity in Tunisia, which opened the way for deep democratic transformations in the Islamic country. This revolution has become a convincing example of new, one might say unprecedented before, opportunities for revolutionary renewal of the world within the framework of the current law and without violence, based on revolutionary legality. For the first time in the Islamic world, the possibility of a certain and sufficiently broad cooperation between revolutionary forces and representatives of the former dictatorial power in the country was shown in practice. The main force in the Tunisian Revolution was the masses of the people, who acted independently in the absence of any universally recognized leaders, political parties and movements. Finally, perhaps the highest achievement of the revolution was the adoption of a new constitution that defined the conditions for the subsequent political development of Tunisia. It is addressed to everyone who is interested in the political development of the modern world. It will be useful for postgraduates and undergraduates studying in the fields of "Political Science" and "Sociology", as well as for university and college teachers.

The Whigs, the Church, and Education, 1839

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. C. Newbould
Keyword(s):  
Primary Education ◽  
State Inspection ◽  
National Society ◽  
State Control ◽  
Privy Council ◽  
Model Schools ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Church ◽  
New System

The Whig educational proposals of 1839 are regarded as an important step in the centralization and growth of state control over the education of English working-class children. Introduced by Lord John Russell on February 12, the plan called for state supervision of education by a committee of the Privy Council, the erection of a nondenominational state normal school and two model schools, state inspection of all schools in receipt of the grants established in 1833, and a new system of allocation of those grants based not on the size of the voluntary contributions raised by the National Society or the British and Foreign School Society (BFSS) but on the local needs as ascertained by any “reputable” school society. Historians have viewed the proposals as the inevitable outcome of popular pressures brought to bear on government. Unable to resist their own Erastian urge to attack the privileged position of the church, and persuaded by Brougham, who figured prominently in the 1833 grant and had unsuccessfully proposed a national system as recently as the autumn of 1837, or alternatively by the Radicals J. A. Roebuck and Thomas Wyse, themselves supporters of the Central Society for Education's plans for a national secular system of education, the Whigs are regarded as having responded to popular, reformist demands. “In 1839,” wrote Halevy, “the cabinet yielded.” England was last among the Protestant countries in the matter of primary education; Roebuck, Wyse, and Brougham had failed in their separate efforts to promote the cause; and the government could do little other than propose a remedy for 3 million uneducated children.

Legal aspects of preventing and combating political corruption in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Nataliia Korchak ◽  
Yaroslav Korchak
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Control ◽  
Political Aspect

The purpose of the article is to comprehensively study political corruption as a phenomenon of social life in terms of legal aspects of its prevention and counteraction. The content of the publication is determined by the specifics of the subject of research and reflects the interdisciplinary approach to the disclosure of the topic. The article presents a comprehensive study of political, managerial and legal aspects of understanding political corruption. Emphasis is placed on the essence (nature) of political corruption as a phenomenon of the political process, and therefore - on the lack of a common conceptual understanding of the concept of "political corruption". It is emphasized that the concepts of "corruption" and "political corruption" are not identical in content or legal characteristics. The political aspect of corruption is an insufficient basis for extending the legal signs of corruption to actions that have signs of political corruption. It is argued that the task of legal science is to identify the causes, establish the preconditions and find the most effective measures to prevent and specify the means of combating political corruption. It is established that, unlike corrupt acts, types of behavior in the field of political corruption are not covered by legal liability measures. This is due to the lack of legal definition of "political corruption" in the current legislation. However, within the framework of normative regulation of relations in the field of state funding of political parties, a legal mechanism for preventing political corruption in Ukraine has been formed and operates. This led to the conclusion that due to the establishment of requirements and restrictions on the financing of political parties, the introduction of transparency and accountability of political parties and election campaigns, the legislator launched state control over the finances of political parties represented by the National Agency for Prevention of Corruption and to administrative or criminal liability for the relevant offenses. In view of this, emphasis is placed on the importance of understanding the legal aspects of political corruption, influencing political parties through finances, strengthening the financial discipline of political parties, improving the system of state control over the financing of political parties, and ensuring responsibility for violations in political financing. The scientific novelty of the article is the legal analysis of actions in the field of political corruption in terms of the introduction of legal mechanisms to prevent its manifestations. The practical significance of the article is related to the possibility of further use of its materials in the educational process, conducting interdisciplinary research on the phenomenon of political corruption and forming proposals for improving the legislative mechanisms of state control over the financial activities of political parties.

Control and Supervision Activities for Compliance with the Rules for the Protection of Electrical Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Yu.B. Pribytkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Federal State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Objective Side ◽  
Land Control ◽  
Legal Grounds

The article examines the reform of control and supervisory activities in the Russian Federation on the example of the implementation of the federal state energy supervision in the framework of control (supervision) over compliance with the rules of protection of electric networks. At the same time, there is a small number of publications and analytical reports related to the improvement of control and supervisory measures on compliance with the rules for the protection of electrical networks. The concepts are given related to the electric network in the framework of this study. General legal grounds for the implementation of control and supervisory measures on complience with the rules for the protection of electrical networks providing for the organization of scheduled and unscheduled on-site inspections, and approaches to them are given in the article. Important elements and directions for improving the state control (supervision) over the observance of the rules for the protection of electrical networks placed of land plots are identified: an inspection visit as a form of control and supervision, the need for amending the Rules on the control of protected zones. Public authorities are indicated, which can detect violations in compliance with the rules of protection of electric networks placed of land plots in the implementation of land control (supervision) and forest supervision. The entities of control and supervisory measures in terms of compliance with the rules of protection of electrical networks are considered. Administrative offenses related to violations of the rules of protection of electrical networks are analyzed in detail, objects and subjects of such offenses are identified. Objective side of the violations of the rules of protection of electric networks is also determined. The draft of the new Code of Administrative Offenses, in contrast to its current version, provides for the liability for violations for the rules of protection of electrical networks with a voltage up to 1000 V, and above this value.

scholarly journals State Control and State Supervision in the Pharmaceutical Field: Problems of Differentiation

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-249
Author(s):  
О. S. Khovpun
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
The State ◽  
State Control ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Sector ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
State Supervision ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Business Entities

The author of the article has studied the essence and content of state control and state supervision in the pharmaceutical sphere. The purpose of the article is to study state control and state supervision in the pharmaceutical field and substantiate the need to distinguish between these two concepts at the regulatory level. The methodological basis of the article is a set of general scientific and special research methods. In particular, the logical and semantic method has assisted to identify shortcomings in the current legislation of Ukraine on the use of the terms of “state control” and “state supervision” in the pharmaceutical field. Analyzed scientific views on the understanding of state control and state supervision and the provisions of regulatory acts, where these two concepts are used, allowed us to conclude that Ukraine has currently an urgent need to distinguish between the concepts of “state control” and “state supervision” within current regulatory acts. After all, these two concepts in their content are not identical, have different meanings, objectives, goals. The necessity of differentiation between the state control and state supervision in the pharmaceutical sphere has been substantiated. It has been offered to understand state supervision in the pharmaceutical sector as a set of actions and measures aimed at monitoring and collecting information on compliance with the requirements, norms and standards regulating the activities of business entities in the pharmaceutical sector. Based on the results of the state supervision one can carry out state control, which should be understood as a set of actions and measures aimed at ensuring legality and discipline at all stages of production and sale of medicinal products, prevention of deviations and bringing into line with current legislation of Ukraine, as well as prosecuting guilty party. It has been emphasized that a perspective area of further research is various aspects of regulating the activities of subjects of authoritative power exercising control and supervisory powers in the pharmaceutical field.

scholarly journals State control over the financial statements of political parties: a comparative study

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
V.V. Dzhugan
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Political Party ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
State Control ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Property Income ◽  
The Republic

The article examines the constitutional and legal aspects of state control over financial statements in Ukraine and individual EU countries. It is stated that state control over financial statements is one of the objects of general control over the financing of political parties. The legal framework for reporting financial assets, income, expenses and liabilities is examined. Provisions of Art. 17 of the Law of Ukraine "On Political Parties in Ukraine" determines the general structure and content of the financial report, the frequency of reporting and the general features of the procedure for its submission. The standard form, procedure for compiling and submitting a report of a political party on property, income, expenses and liabilities of a financial nature are regulated by bylaw, namely acts approved by decisions of the National Agency for the Prevention of Corruption. Despite the external legal certainty in this area, there is a gap between the norms of the Laws of Ukraine "On Political Parties in Ukraine" and "On Amendments to Certain Laws of Ukraine on Preventing and Combating Political Corruption" of April 5, 2001 № 2365, which provide the opposite according to the content of the norm on the manner and form of the report of a political party on property, income, expenses and liabilities of a financial nature. A comparative analysis of financial reporting legislation in the Republic of Poland, the Federal Republic of Germany and the Republic of Latvia is conducted. Unlike in Ukraine, where political parties are required to report quarterly, in these countries, as a general rule, political parties submit financial statements annually. Another feature of the special laws on political parties in these countries is that the report must also indicate the number of party members who are required to pay dues (in Germany) or a separate report on registration and membership dues (in Latvia). Among other things, the experience of Latvia in creating an online database of donations, access to which is open, is interesting. As a result of the comparative study, proposals and recommendations for improving the quality of the functioning of the mechanism of state control over the financial statements of political parties were synthesized.

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