scholarly journals TAX HEAVENS PHENOMENON: TAX PLANNING STRATEGY OR TAX AVOIDANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Dinik Fitri Rahajeng Pangestuti ◽  
Nisrina Sari ◽  
Ambar Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Data Exchange ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Small Countries ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Fiscal Authority

Abstract Tax planning is one example of the use of regulatory loopholes. On the other hand for the Fiscal Authority, carrying out tax avoidance practices as a form of tax planning will have a negative effect on the Government and, for this reason, the Government makes fiscal corrections as its remedial. Many also hide their assets in tax heavens countries. This is so that the assets they have are not taxed. Tax heavens countries are usually small countries that apply very low taxes, some even do not impose taxes at all. However, the government has prepared an Automatic Exchange of Information (AEoI) data exchange plan that occurs in 2018, certainly will make tax evaders unable to run away from the pursuit of the tax authorities, even if they have to flee to tax heavens countries (tax heavens). Keywords: tax heavens, tax planning, Automatic Exchange of Information (AEoI)   Abstrak Perencanaan pajak adalah salah satu contoh penggunaan celah peraturan. Pada sisi lain bagi Otoritas Fiskal, melakukan praktik penghindaran pajak sebagai bentuk perencanaan pajak akan membawa efek negatif bagi Pemerintah dan, untuk itulah, Pemerintah melakukan koreksi fiskal sebagai remedialnya. Banyak juga yang menyembunyikan asetnya di negara-negara tax heavens. Hal ini bertujuan agar aset yang mereka punya tidak terkena pajak. Negara tax heavens biasanya merupakan negara kecil yang menerapkan pajak yang sangat rendah, bahkan ada yang tidak mengenakan pajak sama sekali. Namun, pemerintah telah menyiapkan Rencana pertukaran informasi data perbankan secara otomatis (Automatic Exchange of Information/AEoI) yang terjadi pada 2018, dipastikan akan membuat para pengemplang pajak tidak akan bisa lari dari kejaran otoritas pajak, sekalipun mereka harus kabur ke negara surga pajak (tax heavens). Kata kunci: Tax Heavens, Tax Planning, Automatic Exchange of Information (AEoI)

Microbes as Sustainable Biofertilizers

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-133
Author(s):  
Halima M. ◽  
Sneha Unnikrishnan ◽  
Karthikeyan Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cost Efficient

Across the globe, in both developed and developing countries, wheat provides the fundamental support for all other important foods. However, due to climate change, environmental stress, soil infertility, etc., the yield of wheat is affected. To overcome these issues, biofertilizers are recommended. They are eco-friendly, cost-efficient, and affordable by marginal farmers too when compared with chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizers are made up of living microorganisms that colonize the rhizosphere to promote plant yield and prevent plant disease. Pesticide degrading strains of bacteria are emerging as the best technique to overcome the negative effect of pesticides. Due to insufficient awareness among farmers, agricultural land and crops are cultivated through chemical fertilizers, which became a major threat to human health and agriculture. On the other hand, the government is implementing several measures in marketing bio-fertilizers for the betterment of agriculture and human health. In this chapter, the significance and future perspectives of biofertilizers have been covered.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PUBLICITY OF THE PRESIDENT DIRECTOR AND MAJORITY SHAREHOLDERS ON TAX AVOIDANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 885
Author(s):  
Raras Ivastya ◽  
Zaenal Fanani
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Profit Shifting ◽  
Public Company ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
Study Support ◽  
The Government ◽  
Search Index

The study uses the volume search index (SVI) to see the publicity of the president director through Google Trends, and uses the percentage of share ownership to see stocks that aim to influence tax avoidance. The research object used is a public company registered at PT. Indonesia Stock Exchange and the 50 richest people listed on Forbes in the 2013-2018 period. The sample data of selected companies were 24 companies of 121 observation data for 6 years. This study uses multiple linear analysis. The results of the study support the first hypothesis which indicates that the main director who gets higher attention will do tax avoidance. Firms with higher publicity tend to use more tax planning services from auditors. While the research results contradict the second hypothesis that the higher the share owner will not do tax avoidance.In the end, it is hoped that the results of this research can be used to encourage the government to accelerate the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting mechanism which can be used as a reference for investors and company management to improve tax avoidance strategies so that in the future it will provide maximum benefits for the firm sustainability.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Komisaris Independen, Kepemilikan Institusional, dan Ukuran Perusahaan terhadap Penghindaran Pajak pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada Tahun 2014-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 376
Author(s):  
Novita Sari ◽  
Elvira Luthan ◽  
Nini Syafriyeni
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Revenue Optimization ◽  
Net Profit ◽  
State Income ◽  
The Government

The biggest source of state income comes from taxes. So the Indonesian government continues to strive to improve tax revenue optimization measures to maximize revenue from the tax sector. But until now many citizens still consider tax as a burden. The company or entity still considers tax as an expense that will reduce the company's net profit. Taxpayers will tend to look for ways to reduce the tax they pay, both legally and illegally, one of which is the practice of tax avoidance Tax avoidance is a complex and unique problem because on one hand tax avoidance does not violate the law, on the other hand tax avoidance is not wanted by the government because it reduces income for the country. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of profitability, leverage, the proportion of independent commissioners, institutional ownership, and company size, on tax avoidance. The population of this research is the entire manufacturing company registered in indonesia stock exchange (BEI ) 2014-2018 during the period.A method of sampling nonprobability using methods with techniques of sampling purposive sampling .The technique of analysis of data using the test is the classic normality, multikolinieritas,  heteroskedastisitas test, and autokorelasi  test. Testing the hypothesis of the use of regression analysis double. The results of the study show that there is an influence between profitability and the proportion of independent commissioners on tax avoidance, while the variable leverage, institutional ownership and firm size do not show an influence on tax avoidance.

scholarly journals Good Tax Governance: A Matter of Moral Responsibility and Transparency

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J.L.M. Gribnau ◽  
Ave-Geidi Jallai
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Moral Leadership ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
Corporate Social

Abstract Multinational corporations’ tax practices are hotly debated nowadays. Multinationals are accused of not paying their fair share of taxes. Apparently, acting within the limits set by law is not sufficient to qualify as morally responsible behavior anymore. This article offers ethical reflection on the current debate. The general public typically evaluates (aggressive) tax planning in moral terms rather than legal terms. Therefore, multinationals need to reflect on their tax planning strategy next to economic and legal terms also in ethical terms. This article addresses the relationship between society, morality and taxes. The concepts of tax planning, “aggressive tax planning”, “tax evasion” and “tax avoidance” are elaborated on to exemplify the difference between a purely legal and broader approach. In moral terms, aggressive tax planning may imply loss of integrity and trust which may entail certain costs for businesses, such as reputation damage. It will be argued that in order to improve corporate reputation and (moral) leadership, corporate social responsibility (CSR), endorsed by many corporations around the globe, is a helpful tool. Reflection on tax planning in the context of CSR - good tax governance - should foster a moral mind set and enhance accountability and transparency.

scholarly journals Pengungkapan Sukarela Berdasarkan Karakteristik Perusahaan dan Kepemilikan Institusional

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Dadang Suhendar ◽  
Dani Rahman Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Institutional Ownership ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government

Abstract This study analyses the effect's degree of firm characteristics and institutional ownership on voluntary disclosure. Firm characteristics in this study are measured based on size and leverage. This study's panel data are from financial reports of 23 companies in the consumer goods industry listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2014 to 2018 reporting period. By using panel data regression analysis, this study finds that company size does not affect voluntary disclosure. On the other hand, leverage positively affects voluntary disclosure, while institutional ownership has a negative effect. This study implies that voluntary disclosure is more determined by the need to win the competition and rationalize investors regarding their leverage. The company's size does not determine the voluntary disclosure level. The government needs to encourage the companies to reveal more information for better market within the pandemic through the Financial Services Authority. On the other hand, institutional ownership that has a negative effect on voluntary corporate disclosure shows that investors from other institutions tend not to have healthy controls in encouraging companies to make voluntary disclosures. Future research is expected to reexamine corporate voluntary disclosure determinants through other variables and use more than one method to ensure their robustness results. Keywords: Firm Characteristic; Institutional Ownership; Voluntary Disclosure AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis besarnya pengaruh karakteristik dan kepemilikan institusional terhadap pengungkapan sukarela yang dilakukan perusahaan. Karakteristik perusahaan dalam penelitian ini diukur berdasarkan ukuran dan leverage. Data dalam penelitian ini yakni laporan keuangan dari 23 perusahaan sektor industri barang konsumsi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode laporan 2014 hingga 2018. Dengan menggunakan analisis regresi data panel, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ukuran perusahaan tidak mempengaruhi pengungkapan sukarela. Di sisi lain, leverage berpengaruh positif terhadap pengungkapan sukarela, sedangkan kepemilikan institusional berpengaruh negatif. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah bahwa pengungkapan sukarela lebih ditentukan oleh kebutuhan untuk memenangkan persaingan serta keperluan memberikan rasionalisasi terhadap para investor terkait besarnya leverage yang dimiliki. Besar kecilnya ukuran perusahaan tidak menentukan tingkat pengungkapan sukarela sehingga pemerintah melalui OJK perlu mendorong pengungkapan sukarela perusahaan. Di sisi lain, kepemilikan institusional yang justru berpengaruh negatif terhadap pengungkapan sukarela menunjukan investor dari institusi lain cenderung belum memiliki pengendalian yang kuat dalam mendorong perusahaan agar melakukan pengungkapan sukarela. Penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan dapat menelaah kembali determinan pengungkapan sukarela melalui variabel-variabel lain serta menggunakan lebih dari satu metode untuk memastikan hasil yang robust. Kata Kunci: Karakteristik Perusahaan; Kepemilikan Institusional; Pengungkapan Sukarela

scholarly journals TAX PLANNING UNTUK PEMBAYARAN PAJAK DENGAN BENAR BAGI PERUSAHAAN DI INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Sutjipto Ngumar
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Holding Company ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Other Hand

This paper  explains corporate 's tax planning policy  as the tax payer purposes  (1) that Taxes which be paid exactly no more nor less (2) To care corparate 's liquidity (3) to get profit  normaly.  Tax planning  does not effort how make making tax evasion, but it is a strategy for tax saving and tax avoidance. The problem is that corporate as the tax payer does not understand about tax regulation, or the corporate just transfers the tax problem to accountancy department, because the manager has not time to understand tax law, eventhough to safeguard for negotiating by customer, the manager does not involve with anyone. The corporate initiative to execute tax planning are (1) Transfering tax value added expense to the buyer or customer (2) To carry out the holding company through accountancy engineering, by Pooling interest and Purchase method. Pooling interest method means no recoqnize value added (goodwill) ; in the other hand purchase method means the assets be counted by market value, so value added (goodwill) will be writen off by depreciation.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, dan Likuiditas terhadap Tax Avoidance

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Jamothon Gultom
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Current Ratio ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Equity Ratio ◽  
The Government

Abstract The existence of differences in interests between the government and taxpayers causes tax avoidance by taxpayers in the form of taking advantage of loopholes in the Taxation Law. This study aims to determine the Effect of Profitability, Leverage, and Liquidity on Tax Avoidance (Empirical Study on Property and Real Estate Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2019). From the results of the tests that have been carried out in this study, it can be concluded that profitability (Return on Assets) has a negative effect on tax avoidance, while Leverage (Debt to Equity Ratio) and Liquidity (Current Ratio) have no effect on tax avoidance in property and real estate companies 2016-2019 Abstrak Adanya perbedaan kepentingan antara pemerintah dengan wajib pajak menimbulkan tindakan penghindaran pajak oleh wajib pajak dalam bentuk memanfaatkan celah Undang-Undang Perpajakan. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, dan Likuiditas terhadap Tax Avoidance (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Property dan Real Estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2019). Dari hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa profitabilitas ( Returnn on Assets ) berpengaruh negatif terhadap tax avoidance  sedangkan pada Leverage ( Debt to Equity Ratio ) dan Likuiditas (Current Ratio ) tidak berpengaruh terhadap tax avoidance di perusahaan property dan real estate tahun 2016-2019. 

scholarly journals Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage dan Ukuran Perusahaan pada Tax Avoidance

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 886
Author(s):  
Ni Ketut Rai Riskatari ◽  
I Ketut Jati
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government ◽  
Positive Effect

Tax avoidance is an effort made by taxpayers to reduce tax debt legally by utilizing loophole from tax regulations. Tax avoidance is a unique and complicated problem, on the one hand tax avoidance is allowed but on the other hand tax avoidance is not desired by the government. This research was conducted on property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) for the 2014-2018 period. The sample selection in this study uses a purposive sampling technique with predetermined criteria and a sample of 22 companies is obtained. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. The hypothesis testing method uses a significance level of 5 percent. Based on the results of the study indicate that the profitability variable has a negative effect on tax avoidance, leverage variable has a positive effect on tax avoidance and company size has a positive effect on tax avoidance. Keywords: Tax Avoidance; Profitability; Leverage; Firm Size.

Smoothness and the Value Relevance of Taxable Income

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Mayberry ◽  
Sean T. McGuire ◽  
Thomas C. Omer
Keyword(s):  
Value Relevance ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Additional Analysis ◽  
Taxable Income ◽  
Planning Strategy ◽  
Avoidance Strategy ◽  
Jel Classifications

ABSTRACT This study investigates whether the smoothness of estimated taxable income influences its value relevance. Contrary to research that finds that smoothness enhances the value relevance of book income, we find that smoothness reduces the value relevance of taxable income. We decompose the smoothness of taxable income into its innate and discretionary components and find that innate smoothness is not associated with the value relevance of taxable income. However, we find that discretionary smoothness is associated with a reduction in taxable income's value relevance, suggesting that discretionary smoothness either eliminates or reduces the information contained in taxable income. In additional analysis, we find that discretionary smoothness is also associated with higher levels of future tax avoidance, consistent with managers smoothing taxable income as part of their tax avoidance strategy. In combination, our results suggest that the reduced value relevance of estimated taxable income is a byproduct of managers' tax-planning strategy. JEL Classifications: G32; H25; H32; M41.

scholarly journals PENGARUH SIZE DAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Dewinda Amalia Syahputeri ◽  
Teguh Erawati
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
Company Size ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Corporate Profits

Taxes are the biggest income for the State. But on the other hand, the companyconsiders taxes to be a burden that can reduce corporate profits. Due to thesedifferences, companies take advantage of loopholes in the Act to carry out taxevasion. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of size and CSRon tax avoidance. The nature of this research uses quantitative and the dataused is secondary data with the sampling technique using purposive sampling.This study uses manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector listedon the IDX in 2016-2019 as samples. Based on this method, 18 companieswere obtained. The results of this study indicate that CSR has no effect on taxavoidance, while company size has a negative effect on tax avoidance.

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