scholarly journals Looking at French Comedy from the 1550s-1660s from the Perspective of Gender Studies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goulven OIRY ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
World View ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
French Comedy ◽  
The Town

French comedies from the late 16th century and early 17th century revolve around games of love-making which are systematically likened to acts of war. A compact web of metaphors draws a parallel between the conquest of maidens and the conquest of cities. This metaphor of the conquest of a city which provides the narrative basis of the plays also displays, at an ideological level, a fundamentally misogynous world view. This study proposes to analyse this fundamental schema and explain the changes it undergoes. Indeed, as we progress through the 17th century, the metaphor of the town siege can be turned around and some of the lead female characters tend to turn into conquerors. The theatre of comedy thus takes the edge off its misogynous side. In Corneille’s La Veuve and Le Menteur, in Claveret’s L’Esprit fort or in Rotrou’s La Célimène the relationships between male and female characters develop in a way that is gradually more favourable the the latter. Gender studies can bring fresh light to the study of French comedy from the 1550s-1660s. This theatre of the beginning of the modern age highlights both the foundations of our patriarchal society and the first signs of its shattering.

scholarly journals Maciej Ziemierski, Testamenty krakowskiej rodziny Królików z XVII w.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 11-41
Author(s):  
Maciej Ziemierski
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Family Members ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Town ◽  
Distinguished Member

17th century testaments of the Królik family from Krakow The article is dedicated to the Królik family from Krakow, who lived in the town from the late 16th century until the first years of the 18th century. The family members initially worked as tailors, later reinforcing the group of Krakow merchants in the third generation (Maciej Królik). Wojciech Królik – from the fourth generation – was a miner in Olkusz. The text omits the most distinguished member of the family, Wojciech’s oldest brother, the Krakow councillor Mikołaj Królik, whose figure has been covered in a separate work. The work shows the complicated religious relations in the family of non-Catholics, initially highly engaged in the life of the Krakow Congregation, but whose members gradually converted from Evangelism to Catholicism. As a result, Wojciech Królik and his siblings became Catholics. This work is complemented by four testaments of family members, with the first, Jakub Królik’s, being written in 1626 and the last one, Wojciech Królik’s, written in 1691.

scholarly journals Woman as the Other—Interpretations of the Gender Wars in “A Woman on a Roof” from the Perspective of Existential Feminism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Junying Song
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Doris Lessing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
Male Power ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
The Subject

Doris Lessing is one of the Nobel Prize winners and “A Woman on a Roof” is such a famous short story of hers. In the patriarchal society, women are in the lower status, but the woman in the story struggles bravely to fight against the male power. During her fighting, the woman has doubts and hesitation, but she finally forces the three males to put off their prejudice. This paper focuses on how the woman strives for her own rights, and talks from the perspective of Existential Feminism, taking the main male and female characters in “A Woman on a Roof” as examples, so as to explore women’s self-survival in the dualistic society. Through studying her feminist thinking in the short story, the paper points out that the woman finally transforms her role from the Other to the Subject and then she is in an equal position with the three males. Though the two genders does not reconcile with each other as it seems to be with the purification of rainwater in “A Woman on a Roof”, the woman has made a big progress in the pursuit of her own transcendence.

scholarly journals Czernelica nad Dniestrem – od grodu średniowiecznego do miasta nowożytnego

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Nagirnyy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Early History ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
New Era ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Town

Chernelytsia by the Dniester. The Development of a Medieval Grod Into a TownThe article explores the early history and gradual modernisation of Chernelytsia – a town of Pokkuttya region. The first settlement in this region was noted on a high triangular cape on the right bank of the Dniester. Initially, it was a modestly fortified settlement located on the border of the Kievan state. However, after its incorporation into the Galicia Rostislav state and subsequently into Galicia–Volhynia Romanovich state, the settlement developed into a tri-part fortified grod of 5 ha in area. The author hypothesises that the grod ceased to be active between the 2nd half of the 16th century and the 1st half of the 17th century, after it had fallen prey to the Tatars who had raided Pokkuttya. Another period in the history of Chernelytsia is marked by the emergence of a new settlement at the area of today’s town’s centre. The emergence is dated at the 1st half of the 15th century. Initially, both the new settlement and the old grod were active, however, soon after being granted a municipal charter, the new settlement took the lead in social and economic activity. The town structure ossified in the 17th century when the bastion castle was built, as well as the St Archangel Michael Church and a Dominican monastery. Also, three tserkov churches were active in Chernelytsia at that time. The market square emerged, the town hall and a synagogue were built, and suburbs became discernible. The town plan changed only at the end of the 18th century when the new era in town’s history started.

scholarly journals WOMEN STRUGGLE IN 'A MIDSUMMER NIGHT'S DREAM' : DE BEAUVOIR'S FEMINISM PERSPECTIVE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Winarti Winarti ◽  
Ana Hening Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Married Woman ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Happy Ending ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Midsummer Night's Dream ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
A Midsummer Night's Dream ◽  
Gender Awareness

A Midsummer Night’s Dream is one of Shakespeare’s comedies assumed to be written between 1590- 1597. It can be regarded as one of the comedies because it is full of silly funny things and also has a happy ending although there is seriousness within the work for instance the representation of patriarchal society. This paper aims at describing the women's struggles in the play based on the theory of Simon de Beauvoir regarding the situation of married woman to see the phenomenon found in the work better. As the result of the analysis, it can be concluded that there is a gender awareness which has been presented by Shakespeare in A Midsummer Night’s Dream. He shows that there is gender difference in the play presented by the male and female characters in a restricted patriarchal society of Athens.

scholarly journals The Image of the Town: Medieval Sofia in Original Bulgarian Works from the 16th Century

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 337-356
Author(s):  
Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
New Model ◽  
The Past ◽  
Semiotic Model ◽  
Ethnic Consciousness ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Given ◽  
The Town

The paper follows out the way of denomination and description of Sofia town in manuscripts from different genre during the period of the 15th-17th centuries, namely: the original hagiographic and hymnographic works of the men of letters from the 16th century Sofia literary school; the bedrolls; some marginal notes. This type of sources is rich enough not only for shaping the image of the town according to the linguistic evidences it was depicted with, but for making some general conclusions about its place in the so called “linguistic world view” as a semiotic model for approaching the lifestyle, the spiritual culture and the Bulgarian ethnic consciousness during the Ottoman domination. The chosen frame of time is not hazardous. It was a transitory period for both naming process and the creation of a new cultural situation, when the ideological and political dominant of the medieval town (the capital in particular) as an incarnation of the ruler’s institution has been already changed. Moreover, with the fall of Constantinople in 1453 the very Byzantine prototype of the town-mother and the spiritual center of the Orthodox world were destroyed. It is a matter of scholarly interest to give an idea on how another, different (new) model of the town was created in the Bulgarian cultural space to replace the past glorious vision, and how it reproduced the tradition. Briefly, how does the text create an image? It is a way to introduce the notion of hierotopy and its language in the original Bulgarian works of the given period. The specifically Bulgarian material inscribes itself in the common typological frames of the Balkan medieval culture in Ottoman times. The paradigm of holiness and the formation of the holly space require those aspects to be carried out in the light of the complex interdependency between the text, the image and the historical context – a binding triad that will be the base for the attending presentation.

Gender Differences in Clothing Worn in Current Popular Comic Books

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Landon Jossy
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Comic Books ◽  
Book Industry ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females

This study looked at how males and females were portrayed, based on the amount of skin shown in the clothing worn.  A Content analysis was performed on a sample of 20 randomly selected popular comics from the last 3 years.  Both male and female characters were rated on how much skin they showed in three clothing categories; neck line, sleeve length, and lower body.  Results showed that in all 3 categories, women consistently wore more revealing clothing.  The findings demonstraetd that the comic book industry is comparable to other forms of media, in the sexualization of female characters, by having them wear more revealing clothing.

Rīgā 17. gadsimtā sacerētās latīņu kāzu dzejas komponentes

2020 ◽  
pp. 212-226
Author(s):  
Anna Strode
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Latin Poetry ◽  
Julius Caesar ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Occasional Poetry ◽  
Pseudo Dionysius

Soon after the Protestant Reformation took place in Livonia in the 16th century, the currents of European humanism came to Livonia. As a result of the historical and religious impact, the level of education increased, enabling an environment for the development of the literature. Soon various Latin poetry texts int. al. 17th-century occasional poetry written by the humanists of Riga started to appear. The aim of the article is to bring to light the components of nuptial (epithalamium, ὑμέναιος/hymenaeus, carmen nuptialis, etc.) poetry written in Riga in the 17th century, as well as by exploring the specific features of occasional poetry to capture readers’ and researchers’ interest in the previously undiscovered cultural heritage. At the beginning of the article, the tradition of nuptial poetry is explained. Then, by examining the basic principles one must take into account in composing occasional poetry based on works of the ancient rhetors – Menander (Μένανδρος Ῥήτωρ, c. 3rd century), pseudo-Dionysius (pseudo-Dionysius/Διονύσιος), Himerius (Ἱμέριος, c. 315–c. 386) and the book “Seven Books on Poetry” (Poetices libri septem, 1561) written by Italian humanist Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558) – a table of the most used topics in nuptial poetry is formed. Afterwards, the poetry written in Riga and its most typical components (didactics, laudation, inducement, foresight, wishes/congratulations and prayers) is compared to the topics offered by previously mentioned theoreticians. Fragments of Latin nuptial poetry written in Riga are included to portray the components of poetry more clearly. All translations of poetry included in the article are made by the author of the article.

Rekonstruktion des Ursprungs und Neudatierung zweier magischer Gemmen mit Hilfe einer Zauberzeichensequenz

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Kirsten Dzwiza
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
New Findings ◽  
State Museum ◽  
Museum Of Fine Arts ◽  
First Time

SummaryThere are only a few sequences of ancient magic signs known to us today that have been preserved on multiple artefacts. A previously unnoticed sequence of 17 signs on a gem in the Museum of Fine Arts in Vienna occurs with minor but significant variations on two other gems in the State Museum of Egyptian Art in Munich. The Viennese gem is dated to the 16th century and is documented as a drawing in a 17th century publication. The first Munich gem has been assigned to the Graeco-Roman period. The second gem, which, according to the inventory card of the museum, also belongs to the Graeco-Roman period, is published here for the first time. A comparative study of the three gems and the drawing has lead to a number of new findings, including the re-dating of the Munich gems.

Origine et diffusion des expressions romanes du type jaune paille

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-27
Author(s):  
Sara Matrisciano ◽  
Franz Rainer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Short Discussion ◽  
Colour Term ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
And Diffusion

All major Romance languages have patterns of the type jaune paille for expressing shades of colour represented by some prototypical object. The first constituent of this pattern is a colour term, while the second one designates a prototypical representative of the colour shade. The present paper starts with a short discussion of the controversial grammatical status of this pattern and its constituents. Its main aim, however, concerns the origin and diffusion of this pattern. We have not found hard and fast evidence that Medieval Italian pigment compounds of the type verderame influenced the rise of the jaune paille pattern, which first appears in French in the 16th century. This pattern continued to be a minority solution during the 17th century, but established itself during the 18th century. In the 19th century, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese adopted the pattern jaune paille, while it did not reach Catalan and Romanian before the 20th century.

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