DOWNHILL SEARCH-BASED NRL GLOVE PROTEIN ESTIMATION

ABSTRACT Latex allergy is still a crucial concern for latex glove users and manufacturers. The major reason is that the possibility of allergy stems from the soluble proteins that reside within latex gloves that may be transferred into the body of the user. Conventionally, the protein level quantification by the colorimetric measurement test is usually complex and requires a long processing time, sophisticated equipment, and highly trained specialists to perform the test. Because of the costly, lengthy, and labor-intensive nature of the tests, these methods are not beneficial for the efficiency of product development. Hence, a new computerized measurement method is proposed to measure protein levels. The prepared latex glove samples were chemically treated by Bradford reagent. Then, the samples were scanned and analyzed by novel algorithm, namely, the downhill searching algorithm (DSA), to determine the dominant color intensity. A total of 108 data were obtained after DSA analysis, and the developed data were validated with protein concentration data provided by the Malaysian Rubber Board. A good correlation is observed between both data.

Download Full-text

Protein Concentration Determination in Latex Glove Using Biocompatibility Morphological Mean Test

International Journal on Robotics, Automation and Sciences ◽

10.33093/ijoras.2020.2.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 18-24

Author(s):

Toa C. K. ◽

Sim K. S. ◽

Chan Y. K.

Keyword(s):

Protein Concentration ◽

Color Image ◽

Protein Detection ◽

Color Difference ◽

Worst Case ◽

Latex Glove ◽

Standard Curve ◽

Latex Gloves ◽

Threatening Condition ◽

Life Threatening

Latex gloves are seen as an indispensable item in the healthcare field because it offers superior protection for both the medical staff and patient against harmful substances. However, latex gloves with high protein concentration have a high possibility to induce latex allergy which in the worst case can lead to a life-threatening condition. To minimize the occurrence of an allergy reaction, the computerized Biocompatibility Morphological Mean (BMM) test for protein detection is proposed. This test initially goes through the chemical process to determine the protein that resides in the glove sample. After that, the sample is electronically converted into a digital image. Finally, the image undergoes color image processing for calculating the color difference values. These values are then plotted on a standard curve. A high correlation coefficient (R2>0.97) of the standard curve gives better accuracies. The proposed method only takes about 40 minutes to complete the test, while existing methods need at least 6 hours.

Download Full-text

Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of neuroinflammation in children with hydrocephalus and shunt malfunction

Fluids and Barriers of the CNS ◽

10.1186/s12987-021-00237-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Carolyn A. Harris ◽

Diego M. Morales ◽

Rooshan Arshad ◽

James P. McAllister ◽

David D. Limbrick

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Shunt Revision ◽

Csf Shunt ◽

Shunt Failure ◽

Revision Operation ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Background Approximately 30% of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt systems for hydrocephalus fail within the first year and 98% of all patients will have shunt failure in their lifetime. Obstruction remains the most common reason for shunt failure. Previous evidence suggests elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in CSF are associated with worsening clinical outcomes in neuroinflammatory diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute towards shunt failure in hydrocephalus. Methods Using multiplex ELISA, this study examined shunt failure through the CSF protein concentration profiles of select pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as select MMPs. Interdependencies such as the past number of previous revisions, length of time implanted, patient age, and obstruction or non-obstruction revision were examined. The pro-inflammatory cytokines were IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-17, TNF-α, GM-CSF, IFN-γ. The anti-inflammatory cytokines were IL-4 and IL-10, and the MMPs were MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9. Protein concentration is reported as pg/mL for each analyte. Results Patient CSF was obtained at the time of shunt revision operation; all pediatric (< 18), totaling n = 38. IL-10, IL-6, IL-8 and MMP-7 demonstrated significantly increased concentrations in patient CSF for the non-obstructed subgroup. Etiological examination revealed IL-6 was increased in both obstructed and non-obstructed cases for PHH and congenital hydrocephalic patients, while IL-8 was higher only in PHH patients. In terms of number of past revisions, IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-7 and MMP-9 progressively increased from zero to two past revisions and then remained low for subsequent revisions. This presentation was notably absent in the obstruction subgroup. Shunts implanted for three months or less showed significantly increased concentrations of IL-6, IL-8, and MMP-7 in the obstruction subgroup. Lastly, only patients aged six months or less presented with significantly increased concentration of IL-8 and MMP-7. Conclusion Non-obstructive cases are reported here to accompany significantly higher CSF cytokine and MMP protein levels compared to obstructive cases for IL-10, IL-6, IL-8, MMP-7 and MMP-9. A closer examination of the definition of obstruction and the role neuroinflammation plays in creating shunt obstruction in hydrocephalic patients is suggested.

Download Full-text

Effects of temperature on proliferation of myoblasts from donor piglets with different thermoregulatory maturities

BMC Molecular and Cell Biology ◽

10.1186/s12860-021-00376-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Katharina Metzger ◽

Dirk Dannenberger ◽

Armin Tuchscherer ◽

Siriluck Ponsuksili ◽

Claudia Kalbe

Keyword(s):

Muscle Development ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Extreme Temperature ◽

Growth Inhibitor ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

The Body ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Neonatal Piglets ◽

Protein Levels

Abstract Background Climate change and the associated risk for the occurrence of extreme temperature events or permanent changes in ambient temperature are important in the husbandry of farm animals. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of permanent cultivation temperatures below (35 °C) and above (39 °C, 41 °C) the standard cultivation temperature (37 °C) on porcine muscle development. Therefore, we used our porcine primary muscle cell culture derived from satellite cells as an in vitro model. Neonatal piglets have limited thermoregulatory stability, and several days after birth are required to maintain their body temperature. To consider this developmental step, we used myoblasts originating from thermolabile (five days of age) and thermostable piglets (twenty days of age). Results The efficiency of myoblast proliferation using real-time monitoring via electrical impedance was comparable at all temperatures with no difference in the cell index, slope or doubling time. Both temperatures of 37 °C and 39 °C led to similar biochemical growth properties and cell viability. Only differences in the mRNA expression of myogenesis-associated genes were found at 39 °C compared to 37 °C with less MYF5, MYOD and MSTN and more MYH3 mRNA. Myoblasts grown at 35 °C are smaller, exhibit higher DNA synthesis and express higher amounts of the satellite cell marker PAX7, muscle growth inhibitor MSTN and metabolic coactivator PPARGC1A. Only permanent cultivation at 41 °C resulted in higher HSP expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Interactions between the temperature and donor age showed that MYOD, MYOG, MYH3 and SMPX mRNAs were temperature-dependently expressed in myoblasts of thermolabile but not thermostable piglets. Conclusions We conclude that 37 °C to 39 °C is the best physiological temperature range for adequate porcine myoblast development. Corresponding to the body temperatures of piglets, it is therefore possible to culture primary muscle cells at 39 °C. Only the highest temperature of 41 °C acts as a thermal stressor for myoblasts with increased HSP expression, but it also accelerates myogenic development. Cultivation at 35 °C, however, leads to less differentiated myoblasts with distinct thermogenetic activity. The adaptive behavior of derived primary muscle cells to different cultivation temperatures seems to be determined by the thermoregulatory stability of the donor piglets.

Download Full-text

Removal of Vancomycin during Plasmapheresis

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1177/106002809703101003 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 1132-1136 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Syble D McClellan ◽

Charles H Whitaker ◽

Richard C Friedberg

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Compartment Model ◽

The Body ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Total Clearance ◽

Concentration Data ◽

Vancomycin Concentration ◽

Total Body

OBJECTIVE: To examine the removal of vancomycin during plasmapheresis, determine whether drug administration should be withheld prior to or a supplemental dose given after the procedure, and determine whether a redistribution phenomenon in vancomycin serum concentrations occurs after plasmapheresis. DESIGN: Prospective, cohort study. SETTING: An 800-bed, tertiary-care, teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Twelve patients receiving vancomycin as prescribed who were also undergoing therapeutic plasmapheresis. METHODS: Blood samples for determination of vancomycin concentrations were obtained from each patient immediately before, during, immediately after, and 2 hours after plasmapheresis. Vancomycin concentration in plasma removed by plasmapheresis and volume of plasma removed were measured. Patient-specific pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for each patient using serum concentration data and a one-compartment model. Percent of drug removed by plasmapheresis and percent increase in vancomycin total clearance secondary to plasmapheresis were calculated. RESULTS: A mean of 6.3% of the total body store of vancomycin was removed by plasmapheresis. Vancomycin clearance during plasmapheresis averaged 1.6 L/h, which was an average increase of 285% in the total clearance of vancomycin from the body. Nine of 10 patients had a higher observed vancomycin concentration 2 hours after plasmapheresis than that predicted by degrading the concentration observed immediately after the procedure, suggesting that redistribution in serum concentrations occurs after the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: A single one-volume plasmapheresis does not remove a clinically important amount of vancomycin; therefore, supplemental dosing after the procedure is not necessary. A redistribution phenomenon in vancomycin concentrations appears to exist after plasmapheresis. Further study is needed to determine how long the redistribution phase lasts and when vancomycin concentrations should be measured after plasmapheresis.

Download Full-text

CHANGES IN THE VOLUME OF PLASMA AND ABSOLUTE AMOUNT OF PLASMA PROTEINS IN NEPHRITIS

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.39.6.921 ◽

1924 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 921-929 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

G. C. Linder ◽

C. Lundsgaard ◽

D. D. Van Slyke ◽

E. Stillman

Keyword(s):

Plasma Protein ◽

Plasma Volume ◽

Plasma Proteins ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

The Body ◽

Absolute Amount ◽

Low Protein

1. We have not observed gross increases in plasma volume in glomerulonephritis, nephrosis, or nephrosclerosis, even when the concentration of plasma proteins was much below normal. Our results indicate the probability that "hydremic plethora" does not occur. 2. The low protein concentration frequently observed in the plasma in nephritis is not due to increased plasma volume but to a decrease of the total amount of plasma protein in the body. 3. Changes in plasma volume showed no constant relationship to changes in edema.

Download Full-text

Expression levels of caspase-3 and gasdermin E and their involvement in the occurrence and prognosis of lung cancer

10.21203/rs.3.rs-189686/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

yuanli huang ◽

GuangHui Zhang ◽

Qing Zhu ◽

Xia Wu ◽

LIGao Wu

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

The Body ◽

Caspase 8 ◽

Survival Prognosis ◽

Expression Levels ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Related Proteins

Abstract Background Pyroptosis plays a dual role in the development of cancer and malignancy, and as such, may potentially be a new target for cancer treatment. However, the inflammatory response to pyroptosis may have adverse effects on the body. The roles of gasdermin E (GSDME), caspases, and related proteins associated with pyroptosis in cancer remain controversial. This study aimed to explore whether the expression levels of caspase-3 and GSDME affect the clinical stage, pathological grade, and survival prognosis of patients with lung cancer. Methods We examined the protein levels of GSDME, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 in lung tissues from 100 patients with lung cancer by using immunohistochemistry. Results We found that GSDME, caspase-3, and caspase-8 were more highly expressed in the tumor tissues than in the adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, we found that GSDME could serve as a prognostic factor because there was a positive correlation between its expression level and the postoperative survival rate of patients with lung cancer. Conclusions GSDME may be an independent factor affecting the prognosis of patients with lung cancer. However, the role of GSDME and its related proteins in cancer requires further research.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of airway inflammation in mechanically ventilated patients using cell count and protein concentration

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-99262-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rodopi Stamatiou ◽

Vasiliki Tsolaki ◽

Apostolia Hatziefthimiou ◽

Epaminondas Zakynthinos ◽

Demosthenes Makris

Keyword(s):

Airway Inflammation ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Cell Number ◽

Mechanically Ventilated ◽

Mechanically Ventilated Patients ◽

Bronchial Secretions ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Standardize Sampling ◽

Ventilated Patients

AbstractMechanically ventilated (MV) patients may present airway inflammation and elevated secretion production. However, it is unknown whether cell and/or protein counts in bronchial samples may be useful to evaluate their clinical condition. Our aim was to standardize sampling and propose a new mechanical mucus dissolution in Tracheal-Bronchial secretions. In all patients, bronchial lining fluid aspiration (BLF), Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and Bronchial Washings (BW40, BW5) were performed, while visible bronchial secretions were obtained via bronchoscopy (VBS) and blinded, via a common catheter for tracheobronchial aspiration (AC). Mucus was mechanically or DTT dissolved and cell number was count. Protein, albumin and TNF-α levels were measured, in mucus dissolved samples from control and MV patients. Cell number and protein levels were elevated in mucus dissolved compared to non-dissolved, or DTT dissolved. Cell number and TNF-α levels were elevated in MV patients compared to controls, while protein levels were lower in MV patients. Differences in cell and protein levels were observed in samples acquired using different sampling technics. Therefore, mechanical mucus dissolution provides a proper sample for evaluation, and the sampling technic used can influence the sample’s characteristics.

Download Full-text

Body-Surface Compounds in Buckfast and Caucasian Honey Bee Workers (Apis Mellifera)

Journal of Apicultural Science ◽

10.2478/jas-2014-0001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 5-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aneta Strachecka ◽

Grzegorz Borsuk ◽

Jerzy Paleolog ◽

Krzysztof Olszewski ◽

Milena Bajda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protease Inhibitor ◽

Body Surface ◽

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

The Body ◽

Surface Chemical ◽

Surface Compounds ◽

Honey Bee Workers

Abstract Body-surface chemical compounds were studied in 1-day-old nest workers and foragers both in Buckfast and Caucasian bees. The workers of these two age-castes were sampled twice in each of two consecutive years. Body-surface lipids were determined by means of gas chromatography, with a GCQ mass spectrometer. Protein concentrations and activities on the body surface were examined in bee cuticle rinsings obtained from worker bees according to the methods of Lowry, of Anson, and of Lee and Lin. Protease and protease inhibitor activities were determined. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed. Caucasian bees, particularly foragers, had more lipids, but Buckfast bees (two age-castes) had more proteins on their body surfaces. A total of 17 alkane types (C17 - C33), 13 alkene types (C21 - C33), 21 esters (C12 - C32), and a phenol (C14) were detected in both races. Alkene C33 was detected only in Caucasian bees. More alkanes, esters, and phenols were found in Caucasian 1-day-old nest workers and foragers than in these age-castes of Buckfast bees. The protein concentration and protease inhibitor activities were lower in Caucasian bees that had higher protease activities. These values corresponded with specific numbers and widths of the electrophoretic bands.

Download Full-text

Dietary factors affecting the maximum feed intake and the body composition of pre-ruminant kid goats of the Granadina breed

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19950139 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 335-345 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. R. Sanz Sampelayo ◽

L. Allegretti ◽

I. Ruiz Mariscal ◽

F. Gil Extremera ◽

J. Boza

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Protein Concentration ◽

Diet Composition ◽

Dietary Factors ◽

The Body ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Digestible Protein ◽

Milk Replacers

An experiment was carried out with kid goats of the Granadina breed to identify the dietary factors affecting voluntary feed intake of the kid goat and those that additively could determine its body composition. The animals used were from birth to 61 d of age, fed ad lib. on different milk replacers containing 200, 240 and 280 g crude protein/kg DM and 200, 240 and 280 g fat/kg DM, thus giving nine dietary treatments. The utilization of the milk replacers and the animals' body composition were determined by balance and slaughter trials. There were significant positive effects of protein concentration of the milk replacers on component digestibilities, energy metabolizability, feed intake, empty-body weights, empty-body composition and protein and fat retention. The concentration of fat in the milk replacers also had a significant positive effect on the digestible and metabolizable energy concentration of the diets and on fat retention. The relationships existing between feed intake and diet composition (concentration of digestible protein, metabolizable energy and digestible protein:metabolizable energy ratio) as well as between empty-body composition or protein and fat retention and diet composition, were examined. From these it was deduced that feed intake was significantly influenced by the digestible protein concentration of the diets. The higher the digestible protein concentration the higher the feed intake up to a maximum digestible protein concentration value. As the digestible protein concentration of the diets was the dietary factor which significantly influenced feed intake, this also significantly influenced the body composition and the protein and fat retention. The protein concentration of the feed at which metabolizable energy intake in these animals would be greatest was estimated to be 347 g/kg DM.

Download Full-text