FUNCTIONALIZED SILICA AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY VULCANIZATION ACCELERATOR TO ENHANCE THE INTERFACIAL INTERACTION IN NR/SILICA COMPOSITES

2020 ◽  
pp. 000-000
Author(s):  
Kaizheng Zhu ◽  
Yang Pan ◽  
Jie Wu ◽  
Kuncai Li ◽  
Xiwei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silica Surface ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Functionalized Silica ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Technological Opportunities ◽  
Vulcanization Accelerator

ABSTRACT Xanthate is a class of non-toxic, rapid, and eco-friendly rubber vulcanization accelerator, but it is seldom used in the rubber industry because of its poor thermostability and ease of decomposition. To overcome these drawbacks, silica supported sodium isobutyl xanthate (silica-s-SIBX) was prepared by chemically bonding SIBX onto the silica surface. After loading, the initial degradation temperature (T0), maximum degradation temperature (Tp), and final decomposition temperature (Tf) of silica-s-SIBX were increased by 85.8, 118.9, and 146.9 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, silica-s-SIBX could not only improve the dispersion of fillers in the rubber but also enhance the interfacial interaction between silica and the rubber matrix. Therefore, it may offer new scientific and technological opportunities for preparation of green additives in the rubber industry.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of N-Substituted Polyether-Block-Amide Copolymers

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 773
Author(s):  
Jyun-Yan Ye ◽  
Kuo-Fu Peng ◽  
Yu-Ning Zhang ◽  
Szu-Yuan Huang ◽  
Mong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Isopropoxide ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Phenyl Isocyanate ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Degradation Temperature ◽  
Melt Polycondensation ◽  
Structural Regularity

A series of N-substituted polyether-block-amide (PEBA-X%) copolymers were prepared by melt polycondensation of nylon-6 prepolymer and polytetramethylene ether glycol at an elevated temperature using titanium isopropoxide as a catalyst. The structure, thermal properties, and crystallinity of PEBA-X% were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis. In general, the crystallinity, melting point, and thermal degradation temperature of PEBA-X% decreased as the incorporation of N-methyl functionalized groups increased, owing to the disruption caused to the structural regularity of the copolymer. However, in N-acetyl functionalized analogues, the crystallinity first dropped and then increased because of a new γ form arrangement that developed in the microstructure. After the cross-linking reaction of the N-methyl-substituted derivative, which has electron-donating characteristics, with poly(4,4′-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate), the decomposition temperature of the resulting polymer significantly increased, whereas no such improvements could be observed in the case of the electro-withdrawing N-acetyl-substituted derivative, because of the incompleteness of its cross-linking reaction.

scholarly journals Xanthate-modified nanoTiO2 as a novel vulcanization accelerator enhancing mechanical and antibacterial properties of natural rubber

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 478-487
Author(s):  
Yu Liu ◽  
Heliang Wang ◽  
Xiwei Guo ◽  
Mingyuan Yi ◽  
Lihong Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Antibacterial Performance ◽  
First Time ◽  
Vulcanization Accelerator

Abstract With the emerging of sustainability, the fabrication of effective and eco-friendly agents for rubber industry has attracted extensive attention. In this study, a novel and nontoxic titanium dioxide-based vulcanization accelerator (xanthate-modified nanotitanium dioxide (TDSX)) with excellent antibacterial performance, for the first time, was synthesized under the catalyst of ceric ammonium nitrate. Notably, the thermal stability of xanthate was greatly enhanced after being grafted on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, in which the activation energy was increased from 6.4 to 92.5 kJ/mol, enabling the obtained TDSX with multiple functions, mainly consisting of fabulous vulcanization-promoting effects, reinforcing effects, antibacterial properties, and anti-ultraviolet aging effects for natural rubber (NR). Simultaneously, the TDSX can be effectively and uniformly dispersed in the rubber matrix along with the developed interface interaction between TDSX particles and rubber matrix. Compared to the traditional accelerators 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (M) system, the tensile strength and the tearing strength of NR/TDSX was improved by 26.3 and 40.4%, respectively. Potentially, our work for preparing green vulcanization accelerator can provide a new design strategy for multifunctional high performance elastomer materials.

scholarly journals Rivet-Inspired Modification of Aramid Fiber by Decorating with Silica Particles to Enhance the Interfacial Interaction and Mechanical Properties of Rubber Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2665
Author(s):  
Yihang Li ◽  
Yuzhu Xiong ◽  
Qingpo Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Silica Particles ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Aramid Fiber ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Surface Modified

A rivet–inspired method of decorating aramid fiber (AF) with silica particles (SiO2) is proposed to produce SiO2@AF hybrid materials that have largely enhanced interfacial interaction with the rubber matrix. AF was firstly surface-modified with polyacrylic acid (PAA) to obtain PAA–AF, and SiO2 was silanized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to obtain APES–SiO2. Then, SiO2@AF was prepared by chemically bonding APES–SiO2 onto the surface of PAA–AF in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP). With the incorporation of SiO2@AF into the rubber matrix, SiO2@AF hybrid materials with high surface roughness can play a role as ‘rivets’ to immobilize large numbers of rubber chains on the surface. The tear strength and tensile strength of rubber composite that filling 4 phr SiO2@AF are dramatically increased by 97.8% and 89.3% compared to pure rubber, respectively. Furthermore, SiO2@AF has superiority in enhancing the cutting resistance of rubber composites, in contrast with unmodified AF and SiO2. SiO2@AF is suitable to be applied as a novel reinforcing filler in rubber composites for high performance.

scholarly journals Facile Synthesis of Graphene from Waste Tire/Silica Hybrid Additives and Optimization Study for the Fabrication of Thermally Enhanced Cement Grouts

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilayda Berktas ◽  
Ali Nejad Ghafar ◽  
Patrick Fontana ◽  
Ayten Caputcu ◽  
Yusuf Menceloglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
Hybrid Structure ◽  
Functionalized Silica ◽  
Facile Synthesis ◽  
Waste Tire ◽  
Optimization Study ◽  
Thermal Enhancement ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Silica Hybrid

This work evaluates the effects of newly designed graphene/silica hybrid additives on the properties of cementitious grout. In the hybrid structure, graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) obtained from waste tire was used to improve the thermal conductivity and reduce the cost and environmental impacts by using recyclable sources. Additionally, functionalized silica nanoparticles were utilized to enhance the dispersion and solubility of carbon material and thus the hydrolyzable groups of silane coupling agent were attached to the silica surface. Then, the hybridization of GNP and functionalized silica was conducted to make proper bridges and develop hybrid structures by tailoring carbon/silica ratios. Afterwards, special grout formulations were studied by incorporating these hybrid additives at different loadings. As the amount of hybrid additive incorporated into grout suspension increased from 3 to 5 wt%, water uptake increased from 660 to 725 g resulting in the reduction of thermal conductivity by 20.6%. On the other hand, as the concentration of GNP in hybrid structure increased, water demand was reduced, and thus the enhancement in thermal conductivity was improved by approximately 29% at the same loading ratios of hybrids in the prepared grout mixes. Therefore, these developed hybrid additives showed noticeable potential as a thermal enhancement material in cement-based grouts.

Starch/SBR Biocomposites Prepared by Solid Blend Method: Effect of Surface Modification and Coupling Agent

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1076-1080
Author(s):  
Mei Chun Li ◽  
Xin Ge ◽  
Jong Hyuk Lim ◽  
Min Su Kim ◽  
Ur Ryong Cho
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Ceric Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Method Effect ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
Effect Of Surface

Starch/Styrene Butadiene Rubber (SBR) biocomposites were prepared by directly blending of starch and SBR on a two-roll miller. Two types of starch: pure starch and modified starch (M-starch) were used as rubber fillers. M-starch were synthesized by grafting of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer onto starch backbone using ceric ammonium nitrate-initiated radical polymerization. Coupling agent styrene-g-(maleic anhydride) (SMA) was used to further improve the interfacial interaction between the filler and rubber matrix. The morphology and mechanical properties of unmodified starch/SBR and M-starch/SBR biocomposites with SMA content of 0, 1, 3, and 5 phr were investigated. SEM observations showed the particle size of M-starch decreased and their dispersion in the SBR matrix significantly improved than unmodified starch. Mechanical properties of M-starch/SBR biocomposites were superior than those of unmodified starch/SBR biocomposites.

Synthesis and Characterization of New Bimetallic Pt,Ag/SBA-15 Materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 203-204 ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Zienkiewicz-Strzałka ◽  
Marek Rotko ◽  
Stanislaw Pikus
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Chloride Complexes ◽  
X Ray

This paper reports, for the first time, synthesis and characterization of new bifunctional materials containing platinum and silver ions deposited on mesoporous ordered silica SBA-15. Both types of ions were incorporated on silica surface during adsorption from water solutions containing various amounts of dissolved tetraamineplatinum(II) dichloride and diamminesilver(I) hydroxide or tetraamineplatinum(II) dichloride and diamminesilver(I) chloride complexes. The silanol groups on silica surface play important role in adsorption mechanism and one of the most commonly used technique for their characterization is photoacoustic spectroscopy. This technique provides clear evidence of successfully incorporation two types of precious metal ions (Pt and Ag) on SBA-15 surface. The decomposition process of absorbed complexes was investigated according to high temperature in helium. The products of decomposition were analyzed by mass spectrometer. Obtained results show that decomposition temperature of platinum and silver complexes are quite vary. Similarly mechanisms of decomposition of ligands from silver and platinum complexes are also different. Moreover, the structural and chemical properties of Pt,Ag-SBA-15 samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).

Filler-Elastomer Interactions. Part I: Silica Surface Energies and Interactions with Model Compounds

1991 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Jiao Wang ◽  
Siegfried Wolff ◽  
Jean-Baptiste Donnet
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Phenyl Ring ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Surface Energies ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Degree Of Unsaturation

Abstract Inverse gas-solid chromatography, operated at infinite dilution, has been used to assess the surface energies of silicas, both fumed and precipitated. The dispersive components of the surface free energies of the silicas were calculated from the free energies of adsorption, corresponding to the —CH2— group, obtained from n-alkane adsorption. The specific components of the surface energies were evaluated separately by comparison of the free energies of adsorption of polar probes with those of n-alkanes, based on the surface areas covered by the probe molecules. The results indicate that while the dispersive components of silica surface energies is somewhat higher for the fumed silicas, the specific components are much higher for precipitated silicas, probably resulting from the higher silanol concentration on their surfaces. Moreover, the interaction able to take place between rubber matrix and the silicas are also estimated chromatographically from the adsorptions of low-molecular-weight analogs of elastomers. The free energies and enthalpies indicate that the interactions of functional groups with the fillers decrease in the order of nitrile, phenyl ring, double bond. The saturated rubber analogs show lower interactions with silicas. The lowest interactions of iso-alkanes imply poor interactions between butyl rubber and the fillers. As expected, the experimental data reflect an attenuation of polymer-silica interactions with decreasing content of functional groups and degree of unsaturation in NR, BR, SBR, and NBR.

scholarly journals Silver nanoprisms self-assembly on differently functionalized silica surface

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 ◽  
pp. 012006 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Pilipavicius ◽  
A Chodosovskaja ◽  
A Beganskiene ◽  
A Kareiva
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Silica Surface ◽  
Functionalized Silica ◽  
Silver Nanoprisms

scholarly journals VELCRO-INSPIRED SUPRAMOLECULAR SYSTEM FOR SILICA–RUBBER COUPLING

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-682
Author(s):  
Rafal Anyszka ◽  
Karolina Beton ◽  
Maja Szczechowicz ◽  
Dariusz M. Bielinski ◽  
Anke Blume
Keyword(s):  
Silica Surface ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Supramolecular System ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Silica Surfaces ◽  
Covering System ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Chemical Coupling ◽  
Common Coupling ◽  
Reference Samples

ABSTRACT The state-of-the-art silica–rubber coupling is based on forming chemical links between a silica surface and rubber macromolecules. However, the chemical links are relatively short and stiff, thus in case of a chemical breakage they are highly unlikely to recombine. This could result in a potential deterioration of the interphase properties over time. To overcome this drawback, a new approach to silica–rubber coupling was investigated in the current study. The new approach is inspired by the Velcro hook-and-loop system from nature that facilitates a re-connectability, thus re-formation of the interphase properties in case of a breakage. For this, various long oligomeric brushes were grafted onto silica surfaces considered to act as supramolecular hooks. Such modified silica were dispersed in rubber and vulcanized. The resulting cross-linked rubber matrix is considered to act as supramolecular loops. The prepared vulcanizates were compared with reference samples containing common coupling or covering agents. The reinforcing potential provided by the newly developed system is lower than the chemical coupling system but considerably higher than the covering system. The new system also provides better mechanical properties, recovery after cycling stretching, and heat treatment than the references. A new reinforcing mechanism is proposed for the silica grafted with oligomeric brushes that exhibits a good chemical compatibility to the rubber matrix.

Synthesis of Graphene Oxide Grafted with Epoxidized Natural Rubber via Aminosilane Linkage

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Pollawat Charoeythornkhajhornchai ◽  
Anongnat Somwangthanaroj
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Epoxidized Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

Graphene oxide was synthesized from graphite by Hummer method and connected with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane to form graphene oxide-aminosilane (GO-Si) linkage. The solution was centrifuged and washed with acetone to remove unreacted aminosilane before grafting with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR). ENR dissolved in toluene solution was mixed with GO-Si particle and dried at room temperature. Then, it was grafted to form graphene oxide grated with ENR via aminosilane linkage (GO-Si-ENR) by heat treatment. GO-Si-ENR was washed in toluene to remove unconnected ENR molecule. The synthesized GO particle in each step was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The possible reaction mechanism was proposed in this research. The aim of this synthesis is to improve natural rubber - graphene interfacial interaction thus the dispersion of GO and GO-Si-ENR particle in natural rubber matrix by solvent mixing process was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

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