scholarly journals کتب مقدسہ میں بشارات نبوی کا بیان اور اردو سیرت نگاروں کا اخذ و استفادہ: تحلیل و تجزیہ

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-91
Author(s):  
Syeda Sadia ◽  
Syeda Maryam Shah
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
New Era

It can safely be said that the colonial period ushered a new era of Sīrah-writing in the Indian subcontinent. A number of biographies of the Prophet (PBUH) were written in response to the works of Orientalists on Sīrah. In this wake, many Urdu biographers employed traditional and innovative methodologies in their biographies of the Prophet (PBUH). One such innovation was the usage of sacred scriptures of other religions in their biographies. This article studies the prophecies about the Prophet (PBUH) in Judeo-Christian scriptures and the ways in which Urdu biographers of the Prophet (PBUH) utilized them in their works.

Dispossession, Un-freedom, Precarity

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
Sabyasachi Basu Ray Chaudhury
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
The People ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Citizenship Laws ◽  
Laws And Regulations

The partition of the Indian subcontinent forced millions of people to flee to the other side of the borders, freshly demarcated by the British colonial rulers just on the eve of their departure from South Asia. Almost a decade-long migration of people could not, however, settle the boundaries and lives of the people once and for all. The postcolonial rulers retained many of the draconian laws of the late colonial period, like the Foreigners’ Act in India, and laced them with new laws and regulations, thus leading to greater dispossession of people of homes, generating widespread situations of un-freedom, and creating countless refugees and stateless persons, mostly forced to survive in sites of precarious life, without any right to have rights. The concern of this contribution is this politics of dispossession in postcolonial South Asia and its relation with citizenship laws of the region.

scholarly journals Cultural impact on traditional Sudanese human settlement patterns

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Elwaleed Abdelaziz Ali
Keyword(s):  
Major Element ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
New Era ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Impact

Sudan is a unique country which is located in the continent of Africa and inhabited by many diversified ethnic and cultural groups. This diversity of its population was an outcome of a process of migrations that took place since a long time ago in history, from different parts of Africa, Asia and other continents. The indigenous settlements of the different Sudanese population groups manifest different and distinct spatial as well as socio – cultural patterns. The colonial period in Sudan represents a new era in the transformation of different aspects of life in the country. The impact of the colonial policies in the indigenous Sudanese towns was remarkable. Human shelter and settlement are natural outcomes of the efforts of man in controlling nature and seeking refuge and safety for himself and his family against aggressions of other living creatures. They vary in size and form from one group of people to another and from time to time. Space which is a major element of the built environment is handled differently by different groups of people. This paper attempts to focus on the interaction between the socio – cultural aspects and the spatial ones of the designed space and their impact on each other; a theme which has always been neglected in the official housing and planning policies of this country.

scholarly journals RESEPSI PEMBACA TERHADAP TJERITA NJAI DASIMA (Reader Reception toward Tjerita Njai Dasima)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Yulitin Sungkowati
Keyword(s):  
Literary Theory ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Musical Drama ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
New Era ◽  
Social Critic ◽  
Reader Reception ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Film Series

Tulisan ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan bentuk dan perubahan resepsi pembaca terhadap Tjerita Njai Dasima dengan teori resepsi sastra dan metode resepsi diakronis. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa sejak era kolonial hingga era reformasi Tjerita Njai Dasima telah mendapat tanggapan berupa karya-karya baru dalam bentuk puisi, prosa, teks drama, skenario film, film, sinetron, dan drama musikal. Perubahan resepsi terjadi dari generasi ke generasi seiring dengan perubahan zaman dan perubahan horison harapan pembacanya. Resepsi pada masa sebelum kemerdekaan menunjukkan ideologi prokolonial dan pada era awal kemerdekaan sebaliknya, antikolonial. Resepsi pembaca yang muncul di era Orde Baru berisi kritik sosial terhadap pembangunan dan di era reformasi memperlihatkan semangat pluralisme dan kebebasan.Abstract:This paper is aimed  at  describing the  form and the change reader reception  toward Tjerita Njai Dasima by using reception of literary theory and diachronic reception method. This research  revealed that since colonial period until reformation period, Tjerita Njai Dasima got appreciation  in the form of new literary works such as poem, prose, drama text, film scenario, film, series, and musical drama. The change of reception  can be seen  from generation to generation, together with the development  and reader ’s horizon  expectation. The reception before indepen- dence showed procolonial ideology. While,  in the early independence period tended to be  antico- lonial. Reader reception emerged  in the new era period showed  social critic toward development, while  in the reformation period was  in the form of  spirit of pluralism and freedom.

Undermined Syncretism

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-85
Author(s):  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The World

The syncretic cultural tradition of India for the last five thousand years is a noble legacy and a contribution of India to the world. Some major religions of the world took their birth in India. The incoming of foreigners added new elements to India’s cultural tradition, and enriched it—and subsequently, this tradition evolved into a composite culture. This paper primarily looks into the aspect of what happened during the colonial period in India, which undermined this rich syncretic tradition and subsequently fragmented the Indian subcontinent along the religious lines. The paper is based upon the hypothesis that separatism is a gradual process, which is nurtured during a period of time and which leads to the eruption of division, partition, or the breaking up of the state. The result of this process becomes a strong movement if actions to combat it are not launched. This paper also explores how Muslim separatism was fed by various reactionary elements, which included colonial and imperial forces comprised of members of different castes, creeds, and religions.

scholarly journals Tropicality of Colonial Heritage Buildings in a Deltaic Landscape: British Colonial Architecture in Khulna

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhaiminul Islam ◽  
Hasan Muntasir
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Bengal Delta ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
British Colonial

During the 17th-18th century colonial period on the Indian subcontinent, British colonial architecture flourished – including in the Bengal Delta. Although colonial architecture was inherently different from the traditional architecture of this tropical region, the monsoon climate and deltaic landscape forced colonial style buildings to incorporate a number of tropical architectural features to ensure climatic comfort. In the contemporary period, due to pressure from population density, many colonial buildings have been demolished and replaced with multi-story buildings. However, the tropical forces of this deltaic region need to be evaluated in order to re-create climate responsive architecture. This study aims to identify tropical architectural features inherent within colonial buildings of Khulna, Bangladesh, a city which formed a junction in the deltaic region during the colonial period. Four colonial buildings have been selected as case studies: two residential buildings, one mixed-use building, and a school. Tropical features were analysed from photographic data, and reproductions of plans and sections of the selected buildings, in order to reveal the significant tropical architectural features of these colonial period buildings. The case studies reveal structural and design elements that aided ventilation and air flow, and controlled solar radiation, humidity and driving rain. The findings aim to encourage practicing architects to rethink climate responsiveness in contemporary buildings in Bangladesh, by revealing how, a century ago, colonial buildings were influenced by the tropical deltaic climate, which impacted foreign architectural ideology and practice.

scholarly journals International Seminar on Shah Wali-Allah's Thought

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Nazeer Ahmad Abdul Majeed
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
International Seminar ◽  
Ibn Khaldun ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Old Order ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
Magnum Opus

Ahinad ibn Abd al-Rahim, better known as Shah Wali-Allab of Delhi( 1703-1762), is perhaps the greatest intellectual figure of Islam in SouthAsia. An international seminar was organized on his thought (as containedin Hujjat-Allah al-Balighah) on February 20-22, 2001 by the Shah WaliAllahDehlavi Research Cell of the Institute of Islamic Studies, AligarhMuslim University, India.Wali-Allah was a prolofic writer in Arabic and Persian and a "syntheticthinker" like Al-Ghazali and ibn-Khaldun. He made his contribution onthe eve of the modem (colonial) period. The British in the Bay of Bengalhad their eyes set on Delhi, the Mughul seat of Muslim power. Deeplyconcerned, Wali-Allah understood his mission to be a two-fold reformationof "the religion and the state." With his favorite slogan "Back to theQur'an", he called for a complete change of the old order and sought to"reopen" the doors of jihad and ijtihad. In his resistance to the growing power of the Mrathas and Sikhs, he isbelieved to have set a tradition for the subsequent generations of MuslimIndia. Acclaimed variously by different Islamic groups as a reformer,a purifier, a revivalist and a modernizer, Wali-Allah is considered to be thespiritual and intellectual progenitor to a host of religio-political movementsin South Asia, including the Mujahidin movement, the Deobandmovement, the Aligarh movement and the Pakistan movement. Hisinfluence has also been acknowledged on the subsequent generations ofMuslim thinkers in the Indian subcontinent including Allama MuhammadIqbal and Mawlana Abul Aala Mawdudi.In his magnum opus, Hajjat-Allah al-Balighah (The ConclusiveArgument from God), Wali-Allah has worked out an "integrated scheme"of Shari'ah, or a theoretical basis for interpretation and applicationof Shari'ah against a background provided by his ideas of "humanpurposefulness" and "beneficial interests". He believed that his(pre-modern) age demanded a projection of Shari'ah with reasoned andconvincing "arguments", unraveling the secrets (deeper meanings) ofreligious symbols and injunctions ...

Undermined Syncretism

2011 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-85
Author(s):  
Om Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The World

The syncretic cultural tradition of India for the last five thousand years is a noble legacy and a contribution of India to the world. Some major religions of the world took their birth in India. The incoming of foreigners added new elements to India’s cultural tradition, and enriched it—and subsequently, this tradition evolved into a composite culture. This paper primarily looks into the aspect of what happened during the colonial period in India, which undermined this rich syncretic tradition and subsequently fragmented the Indian subcontinent along the religious lines. The paper is based upon the hypothesis that separatism is a gradual process, which is nurtured during a period of time and which leads to the eruption of division, partition, or the breaking up of the state. The result of this process becomes a strong movement if actions to combat it are not launched. This paper also explores how Muslim separatism was fed by various reactionary elements, which included colonial and imperial forces comprised of members of different castes, creeds, and religions.

scholarly journals Pre-partition India and the Rise of Indian Nationalism in Amitav Ghosh’s 'The Shadow Lines'

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
Sheikh Zobaer
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Colonial India ◽  
Indian Nationalism ◽  
Great Insight ◽  
Revolutionary Movements ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
Insight Into

The Shadow Lines is mostly celebrated for capturing the agony and trauma of the artificial segregation that divided the Indian subcontinent in 1947. However, the novel also provides a great insight into the undivided Indian subcontinent during the British colonial period. Moreover, the novel aptly captures the rise of Indian nationalism and the struggle against the British colonial rule through the revolutionary movements. Such image of pre-partition India is extremely important because the picture of an undivided India is what we need in order to compare the scenario of pre-partition India with that of a postcolonial India divided into two countries, and later into three with the independence of Bangladesh in 1971. This paper explores how The Shadow Lines captures colonial India and the rise of Indian nationalism through the lens of postcolonialism.

Commentaries, Print and Patronage:hadīthand the Madrasas in Modern South Asia

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Qasim Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
New Era ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Effective Dissemination ◽  
The Impact

Recent work on the impact of print on Muslim societies has been much concerned with debating how conceptions and structures of religious authority may have been altered, and a new era of religious change inaugurated, through this technology. It was only in the nineteenth century—the latter half of that century in case of the Indian subcontinent—that print came to be wholeheartedly embraced by the Muslim religious élite as a vehicle for the effective dissemination of their ideas. Some scholars have emphasized the role of print in enabling the ՙulam¯' to reach wider audiences than could ever be conceivable in a manuscript age. Though print threatened to undermine the age-old styles of person to person transmission of knowledge, and conceptions of authoritative transmission associated with those styles, what the ՙulamā' gained was not only a new, effective, and—compared to the costs of the manuscript age—relatively inexpensive medium to reach and influence new audiences, but also access to religious classics which were hitherto available only to a select few, but which would now undergird new movements of revival and reform in their societies. While acknowledging these aspects of the impact of print, other scholars have seen the adverse effect of print on ‘traditional’ religious authority to be the more noteworthy. Precisely because religious classics were now accessible, often through translations into the vernacular, the special claims of the ՙulamā' as the guardians and authoritative interpreters of religious texts came to be disputed. As Francis Robinson has put it, ‘Increasingly from now on any Ahmad, Mahmud or Muhammad could claim to speak for Islam.’

Unbiased estimation of particle number and sizes using the new stereological tools: the disector, the fractionator, the selector, and the nucleator — or just point-sampled intercepts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
H.J.G. Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Number ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
Parallel Plane ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
New Era ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Distinct Property ◽  
Sectioned Tissue

Previously, all stereological estimation of particle number and sizes were based on models and notoriously gave biased results, were very inefficient to use and difficult to justify. For all references to old methods and a direct comparison with unbiased methods see recent reviews.The publication in 1984 of the DISECTOR, the first unbiased stereological probe for sampling and counting 3—D objects irrespective of their size and shape, signalled the new era in stereology — and give rise to a number of remarkably simple and efficient techniques based on its distinct property: It is the only known way to obtain an unbiased sample of 3-D objects (cells, organelles, etc). The principle is simple: within a 2-D unbiased frame count or sample only cells which are not hit by a parallel plane at a known, small distance h.The area of the frame and h must be known, which might sometimes in itself be a problem, albeit usually a small one. A more severe problem may arise because these constants are known at the scale of the fixed, embedded and sectioned tissue which is often shrunken considerably.

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