Comparison of the Effect of Phoenix Dactylifera Extract and Testosterone Enanthate with and without Resistance Training on the Expression of FOXO3α and Ctnnβ1 Genes and Apoptosis in Rat Gastrocnemius Muscle

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-330
Author(s):  
Soheil Abdollahi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Azarbayjani ◽  
Maghsoud Peeri ◽  
Saleh Rahmati-Ahmadabad ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Phoenix Dactylifera ◽  
Testosterone Enanthate

scholarly journals PO-184 Effects of resistance training and aerobic training on Fibronectin of Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix and Satellite Cell in Aging Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Lu ◽  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Caizhen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A

Objective To investigate the effects of resistance and aerobic training on the content of fibronectin in skeletal muscle extracellular matrix and satellite cell in 9-month-old BALB/c mice, and then explore the effect of fibronectin content change on satellite cell and its intrinsic mechanism, which will provide a new research perspective and theoretical evidence for delaying sarcopenia. Methods 27 one-month-old BALB / c mice of SPF grade were purchased and fed for natural aging. At 9 months of age, the mice were divided into three groups randomly. Group R was resistance exercise training group (n=9), group A was aerobic exercise training group (n=9), and group C was control group (n=9). The load ladder model for resistance training in group R, the pyramid training program for 9 week training, 5 sets of load ladder training every time. 2 min for rest between sets, 1 min for rest between repetitions, 3 times a week. The treadmill training for aerobic training in group A for 9 weeks, the speed of 0.8km/h, 40min every time, 3 times a week. There is no training in group C. During the training, mouse grip strength was tested by the BIOSEB grip instrument once a week. After exercise intervention, the blood of mice was taken from the eyeball, and the gastrocnemius muscles were removed and placed in -80℃ temperature refrigerator to be freezed for tested . Immunofluorescence was used to detect FN and Pax7; The Real-time PCR was used to detect mRNA of FN, Sdc4, Fzd7, Wnt7a, c-Jun, Pax7; Western Blotting was used to detect the FN, sdc4, Fzd7, Wnt7a, c-Jun, p-c-Jun, Pax7 protein content. Results (1) Body weight, grip strength and skeletal muscle mass of mice: The body weight of group C and group R were significantly decreased after 9 weeks to compared with group A (P <0.05; P <0.05). The grip strength of group R and A was significantly increased in the ninth week to compared with group C, (P <0.01; P <0.05); The grip strength of group R and A in the ninth week were significantly higher than that in the first week (P <0.01; P <0.01)；  (2) FN in skeletal muscle extracellular matrix and it’s receptor Sdc4: The integrated optical density (IOD) of FN in group R was higher than that in group C and group A, but there was no significant difference among the three groups. The FN mRNA in group R was significantly increased to compared with group A (P<0.05). The FN protein content in group R was significantly increased to compared with group C and group A (P <0.01; P <0.01). There was no significant difference in the expression of Sdc4 mRNA in gastrocnemius muscle among the three groups. Compared with group C, the Sdc4 protein content was significantly down-regulated in both group R and group A (P<0.01; P<0.05). (3) Wnt7a/PCP signaling pathway: The Wnt7a mRNA and Wnt7a protein content in the gastrocnemius muscle of group R were significantly increased to compared with group C (P<0.05; P<0.01)). Compared with group A, Wnt7a protein content in group R was also significantly increased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in Fzd7 mRNA in gastrocnemius muscle among the three groups; but the Fzd7 protein content in group R was significantly increased to compared with group A (P<0.05). The c-Jun mRNA in group R was significantly increased to compared with group C and A (P<0.05; P< 0.05). The content of c-Jun protein in group R was significantly increased to compared with group C and group A (P<0.01; P<0.01). The content of p-c-Jun protein in group R was significantly increased to compared with group C (P<0.05). (4) Pax7 : The number of Pax7 positive cells in group R was higher than that in group C and group A, but there was no significant difference among the three groups. Pax7 mRNA in group R and group A were significantly lower than that in group C (P<0.05; P<0.01), but Pax7 protein content in group R was significantly higher than group C and group A (P <0.05; P <0.05) Conclusions (1) Exercise can improve muscle strength of aging mice. (2) Resistance training can promote FN in skeletal muscle extracellular matrix and improve skeletal muscle extracellular matrix components of aging mice. (3) Resistance exercise training can promote Pax7 expression through the increase of FN and up-regulation of Wnt7a / PCP signaling pathway, thus make it possible for satellite cell proliferation.

mTOR signaling response to resistance exercise is altered by chronic resistance training and detraining in skeletal muscle

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (7) ◽  
pp. 934-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riki Ogasawara ◽  
Koji Kobayashi ◽  
Arata Tsutaki ◽  
Kihyuk Lee ◽  
Takashi Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Training And Detraining

Resistance training-induced muscle anabolism and subsequent hypertrophy occur most rapidly during the early phase of training and become progressively slower over time. Currently, little is known about the intracellular signaling mechanisms underlying changes in the sensitivity of muscles to training stimuli. We investigated the changes in the exercise-induced phosphorylation of hypertrophic signaling proteins during chronic resistance training and subsequent detraining. Male rats were divided into four groups: 1 bout (1B), 12 bouts (12B), 18 bouts (18B), and detraining (DT). In the DT group, rats were subjected to 12 exercise sessions, detrained for 12 days, and then were subjected to 1 exercise session before being killed. Isometric training consisted of maximum isometric contraction, which was produced by percutaneous electrical stimulation of the gastrocnemius muscle every other day. Muscles were removed 24 h after the final exercise session. Levels of total and phosphorylated p70S6K, 4E-BP1, rpS6, and p90RSK levels were measured, and phosphorylation of p70S6K, rpS6, and p90RSK was elevated in the 1B group compared with control muscle (CON) after acute resistance exercise, whereas repeated bouts of exercise suppressed those phosphorylation in both 12B and 18B groups. Interestingly, these phosphorylation levels were restored after 12 days of detraining in the DT group. On the contrary, phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 was not altered with chronic training and detraining, indicating that, with chronic resistance training, anabolic signaling becomes less sensitive to resistance exercise stimuli but is restored after a short detraining period.

Effects of ovariectomy and resistance training on MMP-2 activity in skeletal muscle

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 700-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonato Prestes ◽  
Rita de Cássia Marqueti ◽  
Gilberto Eiji Shiguemoto ◽  
Richard Diego Leite ◽  
Guilherme Borges Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Intact Group ◽  
Edl Muscle ◽  
Matrix Metallopeptidases ◽  
Muscle Remodeling

Matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs) are crucial to the maintenance of healthy tissue. The aim of this study was to investigate MMP-2 activity in gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior (TA), and extensor digitorium longus (EDL) muscle after resistance training in ovariectomized rats. Wistar adult female rats were grouped into 7 groups (n = 10 per group): sedentary (Sed-Intact); ovariectomized sedentary (Sed-Ovx); pseudo-ovariectomized sedentary (Sed-Pseudo); acute exercise (AcuteEx-Intact); ovariectomized acute exercise (AcuteEx-Ovx); strength trained (ChronicEx-Intact); and ovariectomized strength trained (ChronicEx-Ovx). A 12-week resistance training period, during which the animals climbed a 1.1-m vertical ladder with weights secured to their tails, was used. The sessions were performed once every 3 days, with 4–9 climbs and 8–12 dynamic movements per climb. The MMP-2 activity was analyzed by zymography. There was higher MMP-2 activity in soleus muscle in the ChronicEx-Intact and ChronicEx-Ovx groups, and lower MMP-2 activity in the AcuteEx-Ovx group, compared with the Sed-Intact group (p ≤ 0.05). The Sed-Ovx and ChronicEx-Ovx groups presented lower MMP-2 activity than the Sed-Intact group in TA. There was higher MMP-2 activity in AcuteEx-Intact and the AcuteEx-Ovx compared with the Sed-Intact and Sed-Ovx in TA, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). In TA and EDL, training increased MMP-2 activity in the Sed-Intact group. No statistically significant alterations were observed for gastrocnemius muscle. Strength training increases MMP-2 activity in soleus, TA, and EDL muscle, which may be important for muscle remodeling. Ovariectomy downregulates MMP-2 in TA and EDL, which may compromise muscle function.

scholarly journals Effect of Eight Weeks of Resistance Training on Myostatin and Folistatin Proteins Content in Gastrocnemius Muscle Tissue of Elderly Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Moslem Asadpour ◽  
Farhad Daryanoosh ◽  
Mohsen Salesi ◽  
Javad Nemati
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Resistance Training Program

Introdution: Myostatin and follistatin proteins are key proteins in the regulation of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. Aging and sarcopenia can lead to disruption of cellular mechanisms and the activity of these proteins. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of resistance training on myostatin and folistatin proteins content in Gastrocnemius muscle tissue of elderly rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 12 female Sprague-Dawley rats (20-month-old) with an average weight of 250±30 g were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups: resistance training (n=6) and control (n=6). The resistance-training program was as followed: 3 days a week for 8 weeks, climbing a one-meter vertical ladder with 26 steps and two centimeters of space between each step with a slope of 85 degrees. SPSS software version 23 and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that eight weeks of resistance training led to a significant increase in myostatin protein content in the training group compared to the control group (P≤0.04). In contrast, eight weeks of resistance training led to a significant reduction in folistatin protein content in the training group compared to the control group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study on the content of myostatin and folistatin proteins, it is possible that the reduction of muscle atrophy in the elderly can be through other pathways of protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy.  

scholarly journals PO-071 Effects of Resistance Training of Different Loads on Gastrocnemius Protein, IGF-I and TNF-α in Aging Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Jia ◽  
Xiquan Weng ◽  
Sanhua Zhai ◽  
Wentao Lin
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Igf I

Objective To observe the effects of different load resistance training on skeletal muscle dystrophy in aging rats by observing the expression of protein and protein of IGF-I and TNF-α in aging rats after 8 weeks of different load resistance training. The resistance training delays the theoretical basis for anti-skeletal muscle aging. Methods 40 aging SD rats (18 months old) were randomly divided into a quiet control group, a non-weight-bearing exercise group, 30% of the largest negative recombination, 50% of the largest negative recombination, and 70% of the largest negative recombination. The sports group carried the treadmill movement with the tail load, the slope was 35°, the running speed was 15m/min, the rest was 30s every 15s, the rest was 3min after four cycles, and the three groups were one cycle. The cycle was intermittent for 10 minutes, and the exercise frequency was the next day for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, the rat gastrocnemius muscle was taken. The protein content of the gastrocnemius muscle was determined by Coomassie brilliant blue method. The contents of IGF-I and TNF-α in the gastrocnemius muscle were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results After 1.8 weeks of different load resistance exercise, compared with the quiet control group, the skeletal muscle protein content of each exercise group increased, among which 50% of the largest negative recombination and 70% of the largest negative recombination was the most significant (P<0.01). Compared with 70% of the largest negative recombination, the 50% maximum negative recombination content was relatively high (P<0.05); After 8 weeks of different load resistance exercise, compared with the quiet control group, the content of IGF-I in the gastrocnemius of each exercise group was higher than that of the quiet control group, and there was a very significant difference (P<0.01), and 50%. The highest negative recombination and 70% of the largest negative recombination content is the highest; After 8 weeks of different load resistance exercise, compared with the quiet control group, the TNF-α content in the gastrocnemius muscle of the rats in each resistance exercise group increased slightly, and the increase of only 50% of the largest negative recombination was statistically significant (P<0.05), although there were differences between the exercise groups, there was no statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusions 50% of the maximum weight-bearing resistance training can effectively increase the skeletal muscle muscle protein content of aging SD rats, and it is related to up-regulation of IGF-I factor and down-regulation of TNF-α factor expression by resistance training.

scholarly journals PO-302 The Research on the Effects of Resistance Training on the Stress of Skeletal Muscle Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Autophagy in Aging Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhong Su ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aging Rats ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Caspase 12 ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective By establishing a resistance training model, the researchers observed the effects of resistance exercise on the endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial autophagy-related factors in aging rats and further discussed the physiological mechanism of resistance movement in preventing and delaying senile skeletal muscle decay . Methods 20 adult rats and 20 aged rats were randomly divided into two groups. The adult group was divided into the control Group C and the Sports Group E Group, the elderly group were divided into the control group OC Group and the Sports Group OE Group, 10/group. The eight-week tail-loading ladder training method was used to intervene the suitable resistance training for rats in the exercise group. During this period, rats in the control group did not exercise any training activities and ate normally. The relative expression of PINK1, PARKIN, LC3, PERK/EIF2A and Caspase-12 mRNA in gastrocnemius muscle of rats were detected by quantitative PCR after the experiment. The expression of Pink1/parkin protein in gastrocnemius muscle of rats was detected by Western Blot method. High performance liquid chromatography was performed to detect the ATP production of rat gastrocnemius mitochondria, and the obtained data were collected and analyzed. Results (1) Compared with group C, the expression of PINK1 protein and parkin protein of gastrocnemius muscle in OC Group decreased significantly (p<0.05). PINK1 protein and Parkin protein in OE Group increased significantly (p<0.01) compared with OC Group.(2) Compared with group C, the expression of Pink1mRNA, PARKIN mRNA and Lc3 mRNA in OC group showed a downward trend (p<0.05), and the expression of Pink1 mRNA, PARKIN mRNA and Lc3 mRNA in Group E showed an ascending trend (p<0.01). Compared with OC , the expression of Pink1 mRNA, PARKIN mRNA and Lc3 mRNA in OE group increased and had significant difference (p<0.01).(3) Compared with group C, the expression levels of perk mRNA, eif2a mRNA and Caspase-12 mRNA in the gastrocnemius of rats in Group E were significantly lower (p<0.01), and the expression of perk mRNA in OC Group had a significant upward trend (p<0.05). Compared with OC Group , the expression levels of perk mRNA, eif2a mRNA and Caspase-12 mRNA in OE group showed significant decrease (p<0.01).(4) There was a small increase in mitochondrial ATP production in Group E rats and Group C, but there was no significant difference. The mitochondrial ATP production in Group C was significantly higher than that in OC Group, and had significant difference (p<0.01). After 8 weeks ' training, the mitochondrial function of the OE group was restored to normal, and the ATP production in the OC group increased significantly, there was significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusions The resistance training can improve the function of mitochondria and activate the autophagy, which can improve the abnormality of mitochondria autophagy caused by skeletal muscle decay. Resistance training can reduce the extent of endoplasmic reticulum stress, suggesting that skeletal muscle decay can be slowed down by prolonged exercise.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Serum Myonectin Levels by Progressive Resistance Training in Rats Fed with High-Fat Diet and Sucrose Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Safarzade ◽  
Hadi Safarpour
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Progressive Resistance Training ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Progressive Resistance

Background: Myonectin (CTRP15) is a newly discovered myokine with important metabolic functions. It was shown that circulating myonectin levels decreased in obesity. Objectives: The present study investigated the effect of 8 weeks of progressive resistance training (PRT) on serum myonectin levels in rats following a high-fat diet plus sucrose solution. Methods: A total of 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into high-fat diet plus sucrose (HFDS) and standard diet (SD) groups. After 12 weeks, each group was divided into sedentary and training groups. The animals in training groups were subjected to a PRT program (3 days/week, for 8 weeks). Flexor hallucis longus (FHL) and gastrocnemius muscle weights, epididymal and retroperitoneal fat weights, serum glucose, insulin, myonectin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured in this study. Results: The results of the study revealed that HFDS increased weight gain, fat weight, serum glucose, and HOMA-IR levels and decreased muscle weights and serum myonectin levels. Eight weeks of PRT increased serum myonectin levels and FHL and gastrocnemius muscle weights and decreased retroperitoneal fat weight. Conclusions: The results suggest that PRT may be an efficient intervention to enhance serum myonectin levels, which is associated with the improvement of body composition.

scholarly journals The Effect of Eight Weeks of Testosterone Enanthate Consumption on Oxidative Indicators of Kidney Tissue in Resistance Trained Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Mehrabi ◽  
Yaser Kazemzadeh ◽  
Ali Gorzi ◽  
Seyed Ali Hosseini ◽  
Saeid Sedaghati
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Testosterone Enanthate

Introduction: Taking anabolic steroids can affect the state of oxidative stress in different tissues of the body such as kidneys. This study aimed to examine the effect of 8 weeks of resistance training with testosterone enanthate consumption on tissue oxidation indicators in male rats. Methods: In the current experimental study, 18 rats with an average weight of 250 ± 50 g were divided into 3 groups of 6 animals including: (1) control, (2) training, and (3) training + testosterone. Rats in the training and training + testosterone groups underwent resistance training for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week. Also, rats in the training + testosterone group received 20 mg/kg of testosterone enanthate by intramuscular injection 3 days a week. The resistance training protocol consisted of climbing a 1-meter ladder 5 days a week (4 sets of 6 with a rest interval of 60 to 90 seconds) in which the weights were 60% of the rats’ body weights in the first week, and 20% of the body weight was added to the weights every week. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the research findings (P≤0.05). Results: Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level in the training + testosterone group was significantly lower than the control group (P=0.007); however, there were no significant differences in malonaldehyde (MDA) (P=0.64) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P=0.29) levels between the research groups. Conclusion: It seems that testosterone consumption can be effective in increasing oxidative stress factors in the kidney tissue of resistance-trained rats.

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