scholarly journals Prevalence of Vibrio Cholerae and Vibrio Species from Different Sources in Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Michael A.A. ◽  
Adenike B.A.
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Cholera Vibrio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Vibrio Spp

The distribution of Vibrio cholerae and non-cholera Vibrio species from different sources from five localities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria was investigated in this study. A total of 44 stool samples, 22 freshwater samples, 60 brackish water samples and 64 seafood samples (crabs, shrimps and fishes) were collected from January to April, 2019 for the purpose of V. cholerae prevalence study. Samples were transported to the laboratory using Car-Blair’s medium. This was followed by samples enrichment in 1% alkaline peptone water and pour plating on thiosulphate citrate bile-salt sucrose (TCBS) agar. Characteristic yellow colonies were subjected to further biochemical and physiological characterization to further identify V. cholerae. Antibiotics susceptibility patterns for isolated V. cholerae strains were investigated. Furthermore, water samples (fresh and brackish) and seafood samples were collected on a monthly basis to ascertain the effect of seasons (dry and wet months) on the distribution of Vibrio spp. A total of 16 (36.36%) stools samples were positive for V. cholerae. In addition, 12 (54.55%) of freshwater samples, 28 (46.67%) of brackish water samples and 22 (34.38%) of seafood samples were contaminated with V. cholerae. The monthly mean values of Vibrio spp. from environmental sources showed statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between the dry months (low rainfall) and wet months (frequent rainfall). Higher average values were observed during the dry months. The result of the antibiotics sensitivity test showed all V. cholerae strains were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin while varying degree sensitivities were observed in tetracycline and augmentin. Cholera and other non-cholera Vibrio spp gastrointestinal infections are still a major concern to the health of the public. Local and regional governments should enforce and promote the need for personal and communal hygienic practices.

scholarly journals Prevalence of coliform bacterial contamination in cat drinking water in households in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-726
Author(s):  
Suttiporn Srikullabutr ◽  
Panpicha Sattasathuchana ◽  
Anusak Kerdsin ◽  
Naris Thengchaisri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Water Container ◽  
Age Range

Background and Aim: Bacterial contamination of drinking water is a leading cause of gastrointestinal infections. Cats may be at risk of water contamination from feces due to poor sanitation and hygiene. The objectives of the present study were to (1) evaluate the prevalence of coliform bacteria in cat drinking water and (2) identify possible risk factors leading to contamination. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five drinking water samples were collected from water containers used by cats (median age [range]: 5 years [8 months-15 years]) at their home. Using a sterile syringe, 50 mL water was collected directly from water containers. The water samples were stored in coliform enhancement media for 24 h and then submitted for bacterial culture. Results: The prevalence of fecal coliform contamination of cat drinking water was 67.27% (37/55; 95% confidence interval: 53.29-79.32%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of coliform bacterial contamination of drinking water by age or gender of the cat or by water container type. However, bacterial contamination differed significantly between shorthaired cats and longhaired cats when comparing Escherichia coli (9/44 [20.45%] vs. 8/11 [72.72%], p<0.001) and Enterobacter spp. (16/44 [36.36%] vs. 9/11 [81.82%], p=0.007). For water that had been in a container longer than 12 h, there were significantly more contaminated tap water samples (16/19 [84.21%]) than contaminated processed water samples (9/17 [52.94%], p=0.047). Conclusion: Coliform contamination in cat drinking water is common and occurs more often in households with longhaired cats. Drinking water for cats should be changed every 12 h, especially for households using tap water.

Biochemical studies on the production of neuraminidase by environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 from Bulgaria

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 606-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumyana Eneva ◽  
Stephan Engibarov ◽  
Tanya Strateva ◽  
Radoslav Abrashev ◽  
Ignat Abrashev
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Cholera Vibrio ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Aeration Conditions ◽  
The One

Neuraminidase is a key factor in the infectious process of many viruses and pathogenic bacteria. The neuraminidase enzyme secreted by the etiological agent of cholera — Vibrio cholerae О1 — is well studied in contrast with the one produced by non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae. Environmental non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae isolates from Bulgaria were screened for production of neuraminidase. The presence of the neuraminidase gene nanH was detected in 18.5% of the strains. Тhe strain showing highest activity (30 U/mL), V. cholerae non-O1/13, was used to investigate the enzyme production in several media and at different aeration conditions. The highest production of extracellular neuraminidase was observed under microaerophilic conditions, which is possibly related to its role in the infection of intestine epithelium, where the oxygen content is low. On the other hand, this is another advantage of the microbe in such microaerophilic environments as sediments and lake mud. The highest production of intracellular neuraminidase was observed at anaerobic conditions. The ratio of extracellular to intracellular neuraminidase production in V. cholerae was investigated. The temperature optimum of the enzyme was determined to be 50 °C and the pH optimum to be 5.6–5.8.

scholarly journals Determination of essential and non-essential element contents of drinking water and baby water for infant’s nutrition

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-202
Author(s):  
Funda Demir ◽  
Meral Yildirim Ozen ◽  
Emek Moroydor Derun
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Element Contents

Abstract In this study, essential (Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn), and non-essential (Al, Ni, Pb) element contents of the drinking and baby water samples which are sold in the local market and tap water samples in Istanbul were examined. It was determined that elements of Cr, Cu, Fe, P, Zn, Al, and Ni were below detection limits in all water samples. Among the non-essential elements analyzed in water samples, Pb was the only detected element. At the same time, the percentages that meet the daily element requirements of infants were also calculated. As a result of the evaluations made, there is no significant difference in infant nutrition between baby waters and other drinking waters in terms of the element content.

scholarly journals Assessment and Antibiotic Resistance Profiling in Vibrio Species Isolated from Wild Birds Captured in Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve, Romania

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 333
Author(s):  
Emöke Páll ◽  
Mihaela Niculae ◽  
Gheorghe F. Brudașcă ◽  
Rustam Kh. Ravilov ◽  
Carmen Dana Șandru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Wild Birds ◽  
Vibrio Species ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Danube Delta ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Antimicrobial and multidrug-resistant bacteria are a major problem worldwide and, consequently, the surveillance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and assessment of the dissemination routes are essential. We hypothesized that migratory birds, coming from various environments, would carry more numerous Vibrio strains than sedentary species, with increased risk to be passed to their contacts or environment in habitats they transit or nest in. Similarly, we presumed that strains from migratory birds will show multidrug resistance. A total of 170 oral and rectal swabs were collected from wild birds captured in different locations of the Danube Delta (Malic, Sfantu-Gheorghe, Letea Forest) and processed using standardized selective media. V. cholerae strains were confirmed by serology and molecular methods and, subsequently, their susceptibility was evaluated. The prevalence of Vibrio species by host species, habitat type, and location was interpreted. The isolated Vibrio species were identified as Vibrio cholerae 14.33%, V. fluvialis 13.33%, V. alginolyticus 12%, V. mimicus 17.33%, V. vulnificus 10.88%, with V. parahaemolyticus and V. metschnikovii (16%) also being prevalent. Of the 76 Vibrio spp. isolates, 18.42% were resistant towards at least three antimicrobials, and 81.57% demonstrated a multidrug resistance phenotype, including mainly penicillins, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. The results of the present study indicate higher numbers of Vibrio strains in migratory (74.66%) than in sedentary birds (25.33%), confirming our hypothesis. Furthermore, the increased pathogenicity of Vibrio spp. strains, isolated from wild migratory and sedentary birds, was confirmed by their increased multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index (0.09–0.81).

scholarly journals Application of duplex-PCR in rapid and reliable detection of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae in water samples in Thailand

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chariya Chomvarin ◽  
Wises Namwat ◽  
Suwin Wongwajana ◽  
Munirul Alam ◽  
Kesorn Thaew-Nonngiew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Duplex Pcr ◽  
Reliable Detection

scholarly journals Isolation of viable but nonculturable Vibrio cholerae O1 from environmental water samples in Kolkata, India, in a culturable state

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsutoshi Senoh ◽  
Jayeeta Ghosh‐Banerjee ◽  
Tamaki Mizuno ◽  
Sumio Shinoda ◽  
Shin‐ichi Miyoshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Viable But Nonculturable ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

scholarly journals MLVA-TYPING OF CLINICAL STAMPS OF GENETICALLY CHANGED VIBRIO CHOLERAE BIOTYPE EL TOR INSULATED IN RUSSIA AND UKRAINE IN THE PERIOD OF SEVENTH PANDEMIC CHOLERA

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
I. V. Savelieva ◽  
A. N. Kulichenko ◽  
V. N. Saveliev ◽  
D. A. Kovalev ◽  
O. V. Vasilieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Cholera Vibrio ◽  
Separate Branch ◽  
Comparative Aspect ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
El Tor ◽  
Mlva Typing

Aim. Conduct in a comparative aspect MLVA-typing of genetically altered cholera vibrio biovar El Tor, isolated from patients during the epidemic (1994) and outbreaks (1993, 1998) in Dagestan with isolates in Mariupol (Ukraine) in 1994-2011 in Moscow (2010, 2012), India (1964, 2006, 2007), Bangladesh 1991, 1994, 2001, 2004) and to establish Phylogenetic connections between strains of cholera vibrios isolated in different years in these territories, to ascertain the source of their drift. Materials and methods. MLVA-tyP-ing was carried out in PCR at 5 variable loci of 35 clinical strains of genetically modified Vibrio cholerae byotyPe El Tor. The obtained amPlicon was studied in the system of automatic caPillary electroPhoresis ExPerion («Bio Rad Laboratories», USA). For Phylogenetic analysis, along with MLVA-genotyPes, 35 strains of Vibrio cholerae from the Institute's collection used Published genotyPes of strains isolated in India, Bangladesh, Haiti. Results. The investigated strains of cholera vibrio are referred to 21 MLVA-tyPes, divided into 2 main clades and 1 seParate branch with clonal clusters and subclusters, each of which contains closely related strains of cholera vibrio genovariants having a different degree of Phylogenetic relationshiP - full or Partial identity of allelic Profiles of five variable loci. The sources of drift of genetically modified Vibrio cholerae byotyPe El Tor to Russia and Ukraine from disadvantaged cholera of India, Bangladesh, Azerbaijan and the countries of the Middle East have been established. Conclusion. The obtained data testify to the PolymorPhism of MLVA-tyPes of genetically altered strains of cholera vibrio of the biologist El Tor, evolved in different years and caused ePidemics or outbreaks of cholera in different territories during different time Periods of the course of the seventh cholera Pandemic, and also suggest the Polyclonal origin of the Vibrio cholerae biovar El Tor and the source of their drift to the territory of the Russian Federation and Ukraine.

scholarly journals Impact of Irrigation with Saline Water on the Production of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) under Soilless and Traditional Techniques

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Alaa Ibrahim ◽  
Jamal Elfaki
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Brackish Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Soilless Media ◽  
Saline Water Irrigation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Salinity Levels

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to evaluate the response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) to saline water irrigation under soilless and traditional techniques. A special fertigation technique with two different salinity levels (1 dS m-1 and 4 dS m-1) of water was used under different soilless media, namely, perlite, gravel, and pozzolana as inert media, in addition to traditional techniques. Results showed that among the three soilless substrates, perlite medium produced the highest total yields with larger fruit sizes. Furthermore, the perlite medium enabled significant savings in water, compared to gravel (-15%) and pozzolana (-20%). Moreover, the results corroborated the existing knowledge on the tolerance of tomato to brackish water irrigation, since there was no significant difference in yield of plants grown in the soil irrigated with water with salinity levels of 1.1   dSm-1 and 4-5  dS m-1. Plant biometric data revealed a better and quicker development of plants grown in the soilless media compared to those grown in the soil, even in the case of freshwater irrigation.

scholarly journals Distribution and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Aeromonas spp. from different aquatic environments in north Lebanon

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (02.1) ◽  
pp. 6S
Author(s):  
Rayane Rafei ◽  
Imad Al Kassaa ◽  
Marwan Osman ◽  
Fouad Dabboussi ◽  
Monzer Hamze
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Seawater Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Different Sources

Introduction: Bacteria of Aeromonas genus are ubiquitous organisms in aquatic environments. This work aims to explore the presence of four clinically relevant species in Lebanese waters and to study their susceptibility to antibiotics. Methods: One hundred water samples are collected in northern Lebanon from different sources (river, springs, wells, ponds, sea, chlorinated water and sewage) and analyzed by culture methods. The isolates were identified at genus level by a PCR assay targeting gcat gene. The presence of four species (A. hydrophila, A. caviae, A. media and A. veronii) was investigated by a multiplex PCR. The antibiotic susceptibility was also studied. Results: Aeromonas spp. was detected in 28% of investigated samples. In total, 38 isolates were identified as Aeromonas spp (10 out of 7 river water samples, 9 out of 35 spring, 9 among 26 wells, 5 out of 4 sewage samples, 2 out of 5 ponds, 2 out of 8 seawater samples and 1 out of 15 chlorinated water samples). Aeromonas hydrophila was the predominant species (19 isolates; 50%). The 3 other species were found to a lesser extent: A. caviae (3 isolates; 7.9%), A. veronii (2 isolates; 5.3%) and A. media (2 isolates; 5.3%). 12 other isolates (31.5%) remained unidentified by the used multiplex PCR technique. All isolates were resistant to more than one antibiotic. The most common resistance concerned beta-lactams. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the interesting distribution of these species in aquatic biotopes in Lebanon and the threat of potential transmission of these resistant strains to humans.

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