Meritology versus meritocracy as a factor of culturalization

Currently, in the socio-cultural system, as well as in the educational one, some ideologies based on merit are elaborated: the ideology of selection, of a liberal nature, and the ideology of the refusal of selection, of a democratic nature. Discussions on meritology are part of socio-cultural issues and are seen as a symptom of democratization and equalization of opportunities for socio-cultural ascension. The essence of the ideal of meritology is that if everyone has equal chances, then the winners deserve their success. In the modern school, everything must be articulated in the basis of equality and merit. Meritocracy and meritology are principles of justice. The main concern of meritology involves a series of beliefs: belief in education and in justice, and as a result, in non-discrimination. Meritology provides the chance for the student to demonstrate his abilities. Today, the school faces a series of problems that it must face from a socio-cultural perspective. When we talk about equal opportunities for all students, this does not mean that everyone is equal, but that they can strive and compete in all social positions based on equal opportunities. Merit selection and acceptance of merit-based inequality presupposes, in fact, a real equality of opportunity.

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The Difference Principle, Equality of Opportunity, and Cosmopolitan Justice

Journal of Moral Philosophy ◽

10.1177/1740468105058158 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 333-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gillian Brock

Keyword(s):

Equality Of Opportunity ◽

Difference Principle ◽

The Difference ◽

Principles Of Justice ◽

The Ideal

AbstractWhat kinds of principles of justice should a cosmopolitan support? In recent years some have argued that a cosmopolitan should endorse a Global Difference Principle. It has also been suggested that a cosmopolitan should support a Principle of Global Equality of Opportunity. In this paper I examine how compelling these two suggestions are. I argue against a Global Difference Principle, but for an alternative Needs-Based Minimum Floor Principle (where these are not co-extensive, as I explain). Though I support a negative version of the Global Equality of Opportunity Principle, I argue that a more positive version of the ideal remains elusive.

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The Unfulfillable Promise of Meritocracy: Three Lessons and their Implications for Justice in Education

10.31235/osf.io/6w9rg ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Jan Benjamin Mijs

Keyword(s):

Educational Policy ◽

Research Agenda ◽

Equality Of Opportunity ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Psychology And Economics ◽

Crowd Out ◽

Principles Of Justice ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Ideal

This paper draws on a literature in sociology, psychology and economics that has extensively documented the unfulfilled promise of meritocracy in education. I argue that the lesson learned from this literature is threefold: (1) educational institutions in practice significantly distort the ideal meritocratic process; (2) opportunities for merit are themselves determined by non-meritocratic factors; (3) any definition of merit must favor some groups in society while putting others at a disadvantage. Taken together, these conclusions give reason to understand meritocracy not just as an unfulfilled promise, but as an unfulfillable promise. Having problematized meritocracy as an ideal worth striving for, I argue that the pervasiveness of meritocratic policies in education threatens to crowd out as principles of justice, need and equality. As such, it may pose a barrier rather than a route to equality of opportunity. Furthermore, meritocratic discourse legitimates societal inequalities as justly deserved such as when misfortune is understood as personal failure. The paper concludes by setting a research agenda that asks how citizens come to hold meritocratic beliefs; addresses the persistence of (unintended) meritocratic imperfections in schools; analyzes the construction of a legitimizing discourse in educational policy; and investigates how education selects and labels winners and losers.

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The DQE of an electron image recording system

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100107642 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 100-101

Author(s):

K.-H. Herrmann ◽

D. Krahl ◽

H.-P Rust

Keyword(s):

Primary Electron ◽

Ideal Case ◽

Image Recording ◽

Main Requirement ◽

High Detection ◽

Electron Image ◽

Video Amplifier ◽

Detection Quantum Efficiency ◽

Selection Of ◽

The Ideal

The high detection quantum efficiency (DQE) is the main requirement for an imagerecording system used in electron microscopy of radiation-sensitive specimens. An electronic TV system of the type shown in Fig. 1 fulfills these conditions and can be used for either analog or digital image storage and processing [1], Several sources of noise may reduce the DQE, and therefore a careful selection of various elements is imperative.The noise of target and of video amplifier can be neglected when the converter stages produce sufficient target electrons per incident primary electron. The required gain depends on the type of the tube and also on the type of the signal processing chosen. For EBS tubes, for example, it exceeds 10. The ideal case, in which all impinging electrons create uniform charge peaks at the target, is not obtainable for several reasons, and these will be discussed as they relate to a system with a scintillator, fiber-optic and photo-cathode combination as the first stage.

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Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158247 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8247

Author(s):

Dimitrios N. Vlachostergios ◽

Christos Noulas ◽

Anastasia Kargiotidou ◽

Dimitrios Baxevanos ◽

Evangelia Tigka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

High Yield ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Selection Of ◽

The Ideal

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

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When is positive action not positive action? Exploring the conceptual meaning and implications of the tie-break criterion in the UK Equality Act 2010

Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal ◽

10.1108/edi-12-2012-0120 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 97-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Nick Johns ◽

Sara MacBride-Stewart ◽

Martin Powell ◽

Alison Green

Keyword(s):

Empirical Support ◽

Equality Of Opportunity ◽

Equal Opportunities ◽

Content Type ◽

Positive Action ◽

Legal Innovation ◽

Positive Discrimination ◽

The Uk ◽

Conceptual Meaning ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the claim that the tie-break criterion introduced under the Equality Act 2010 is not really positive action as is claimed by its government sponsors. It evaluates this claim by locating the tie-break into equal opportunities theory, taking into account merit considerations, and reviews its potential implications. Design/methodology/approach – A conceptual discussion of the tie-break. Findings – The paper concludes that the tie-break is not positive action, nor is it positive discrimination. It employs the framework established by Forbes (1991) and attempts to locate it in theoretical discussions of the need to refine merit to take identity characteristics into account. While it could serve to make a more sophisticated approach to merit possible it fails to achieve its implicit potential in this regard. Research limitations/implications – The paper is conceptual and will benefit from empirical support in the future. Practical implications – Practically, the tie-break promises to add some greater clarity to the muddled understanding of equal opportunities and diversity that underpins much policy and legislation. As a result it will arguably prove hard to implement and will carry other associated problems. Social implications – Socially, the tie-break, mis-represented as it currently is, promises to create greater uncertainty around the nature and purposes of equality of opportunity. Consequently, it could exacerbate tensions and hostilities and promote significant resistance to “equality” measures. Originality/value – This paper is an original conceptual piece that will shine a light on an important legal innovation. The tie-break is not what it is described to be and carries both potential and threat for advocates of equality of opportunity. In pursuing socially significant outcomes of this type, conceptual accuracy and transparency are vital, and this paper contributes to this endeavour.

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Classifying the “ideal migrant worker”

Focaal ◽

10.3167/fcl.2010.570106 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 (57) ◽

pp. 79-94 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Janet McLaughlin

Keyword(s):

Migrant Worker ◽

Global Capitalism ◽

Migration Program ◽

English Speaking ◽

Multiple Levels ◽

Seasonal Agricultural Workers ◽

Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program ◽

Selection Of ◽

The Ideal

This article analyzes the ideology and practice of multi-unit competition that pervades neoliberal subjectivities and produces the “ideal” flexible worker within contemporary global capitalism. It demonstrates how state and capitalist interests converge to influence the selection of the ideal transnational migrant worker, how prospective migrants adapt to these expectations, and the consequences of such enactments, particularly for migrants, but also for the societies in which they live and work. Multiple levels of actors—employers, state bureaucrats, and migrants themselves—collude in producing the flexible, subaltern citizen, which includes constructions and relations of class, race, gender, and nationality/citizenship. The case study focuses on Mexican and Jamaican participants in Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program, a managed migration program that legally employs circular migrant farmworkers from Mexico and several English-speaking Caribbean countries in Canadian agriculture.

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GIS Based Multi-Criteria decision support system and machine learning for Hospital Site Selection case study Oran - Algeria

International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence ◽

10.4018/ijssci.285592 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 0-0

Keyword(s):

Site Selection ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Analysis Method ◽

Automatic Learning ◽

Hospital Site ◽

Set Up ◽

High Level ◽

Selection Of ◽

The Ideal

The selection of hospital sites is one of the most important choice a decision maker has to take so as to resist the pandemic. The decision may considerably affect the outbreak transmission in terms of efficiency , budget, etc. The main targeted objective of this study is to find the ideal location where to set up a hospital in the willaya of Oran Alg. For this reason, we have used a geographic information system coupled to the multi-criteria analysis method AHP in order to evaluate diverse criteria of physiological positioning , environmental and economical. Another objective of this study is to evaluate the advanced techniques of the automatic learning . the method of the random forest (RF) for the patterning of the hospital site selection in the willaya of Oran. The result of our study may be useful to decision makers to know the suitability of the sites as it provides a high level of confidence and consequently accelerate the power to control the COVID19 pandemic.

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Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) Berdasarkan Kualitas Untuk Menentukan Tempat Kerja Menggunakan Metode Profile Matching (Studi Kasus: PT Adila Prezkifarindo Duta)

Jurnal Sistem Komputer dan Informatika (JSON) ◽

10.30865/json.v1i2.1940 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 142

Author(s):

Dasarius Gulo

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Migrant Workers ◽

Selection Process ◽

Matching Method ◽

Matching Process ◽

Profile Matching ◽

Long Time ◽

Support Decision Making ◽

Selection Of ◽

The Ideal

In the process of selecting Indonesian Workers (TKI) based on quality at PT. Adila Prezkifarindo Duta is classified as still manual, where there is not yet a system for selecting quality migrant workers so it requires a long time for its assessment and the selection process is less effective. To support decision making in the selection of qualified Indonesian Workers (TKI) to make it easier by using a decision support system. One method used in the selection of qualified Indonesian Workers is the Profile Matching method. The profile matching method is a decision-making mechanism by assuming that there is an ideal level of predictor variables that must be met by applicants, rather than the minimum level that must be met or passed. In the profile matching process a process will be compared between individual competencies into standard competencies so that different competencies can be identified (also called Gap). The smaller the gap produced, the greater the weight value. In matching this profile, the selected TKI candidates are Indonesian Workers who are closest to the ideal profile of a qualified TKI.

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Verteilungsgerechtigkeit ohne Verteilungsgleichheit

Analyse & Kritik ◽

10.1515/auk-1999-0202 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thomas Schramme

Keyword(s):

Distributive Justice ◽

Good Life ◽

Equality Of Opportunity ◽

Alternative Approaches ◽

Equal Respect ◽

Formal Justice ◽

The Ideal

AbstractAlternative approaches in the discussion of distributive justice differ in their answers to the question „equality of what“? In this essay I intend to ask instead ,why equality?" The article rejects several arguments in favour of distributive equality, mainly on the grounds that they confuse two different kinds of justice, namely ,formal’ justice (equal respect) and distributive justice. The ideal of distributive equality is based on comparisons but equal respect does not necessarily involve relational considerations. Subsequently I will consider equality of opportunity which appears on first sight to be the most promising account. However, I will point out that this approach is not convincing as an attempt to give everyone the chance to live a good life. Finally I will submit that only a theory of absolute needs is adequate.

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