Identification of the Optimum Environments for the High Yield and Quality Traits of Lentil Genotypes Evaluated in Multi-Location Trials

Lentil is a versatile and profitable pulse crop with high nutritional food and feed values. The objectives of the study were to determine suitable locations for high yield and quality in terms of production and/or breeding, and to identify promising genotypes. For this reason, five lentil genotypes were evaluated in a multi-location network consisting of ten diverse sites for two consecutive growing seasons, for seed yield (SY), other agronomic traits, crude protein (CP), cooking time (CT) and crude protein yield (CPY). A significant diversification and specialization of the locations was identified with regards to SY, CP, CT and CPY. Different locations showed optimal values for each trait. Locations E4 and E3, followed by E10, were “ideal” for SY; locations E1, E3 and E7 were ideal for high CP; and the “ideal” locations for CT were E3 and E5, followed by E2. Therefore, the scope of the cultivation determined the optimum locations for lentil cultivation. The GGE-biplot analysis revealed different discriminating abilities and representativeness among the locations for the identification of the most productive and stable genotypes. Location E3 (Orestiada, Region of Thrace) was recognized as being optimal for lentil breeding, as it was the “ideal” or close to “ideal” for the selection of superior genotypes for SY, CP, CT and CPY. Adaptable genotypes (cv. Dimitra, Samos) showed a high SY along with excellent values for CP, CT and CPY, and are suggested either for cultivation in many regions or to be exploited in breeding programs.

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Stability and G × E Analysis of Oil Yield of Sunflower Single Cross Hybrids In Diverse Environments

10.21203/rs.3.rs-648764/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mehdi Ghaffari ◽

Amir Gholizadeh ◽

Seyyed Abbasali Andarkhor ◽

َAsadolah Zareei Siahbidi ◽

Seyed Ahmad Kalantar Ahmadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphical Method ◽

Block Design ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Gge Biplot ◽

Biplot Analysis ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Ideal Genotype ◽

Selection Of ◽

The Ideal

Abstract Multi-environment trials have a fundamental role in selection of the best genotypes across different environments before its commercial release. This study was carried out to identify high-yielding stable sunflower genotypes using the graphical method of the GGE biplot. For this purpose, 11 new hybrids along with four cultivars were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replications across 8 environments (combination of years and locations) during 2018–2020 growing seasons. The results indicated that genotype (G), environment (E) and genotype × environment (G×E) effects were significant for oil yield. The G, E and G×E interaction effects accounted for 51.94, 9.50 and 18.67% of the total variation, respectively. Results of biplot analysis showed that the first and second principle components accounted 45.9% and 20.4%, respectively, and in total 66.3% of oil yield variance. GGE biplot analysis indicated two major mega-environments of sunflower testing locations in Iran. Based on the hypothetical ideal genotype biplot, the genotypes G3 and G5 were better than the other genotypes for oil yield and stability, and had the high general adaptation to all environments. Ranking of genotypes based on the ideal genotype from the most appropriate to most inappropriate genotypes is as follows: G5 ˃ G3 ˃ G8 ˃ G14 ˃ G6 ˃ G2 ˃ G13 ˃ G12 ˃ G10 ˃ G11 ˃ G1 ˃ G7 ˃ G4 ˃ G15 ˃ G9. Furthermore, ranking the environments based on the ideal environment introduced Sari location as the best environment. Therefore, the Sari location can be used as suitable test location for selecting superior genotypes of sunflower in Iran. Generally, our results showed the efficiency of the graphical method of the GGE biplot for selection of the genotypes that are stable, high yielding, and responsive.

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Effect of harvesting time on forage yield and quality of maize

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1803345m ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 345-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Violeta Mandic ◽

Zorica Bijelic ◽

Vesna Krnjaja ◽

Aleksandar Simic ◽

Maja Petricevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Matter Content ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Maize Hybrid ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Yield And Quality

Maize is the very important silage source in the world. Timely harvesting ensure high maize forage yield and quality. Therefore, the study focused on the effects of four harvesting times (starting at the 12 August every 7 days) on yield and qualitative parameters of forage green mass of maize hybrid ZP 677. The experiment was set in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, ear percentage, forage yield, dry matter content and crude protein content were higher, while stem percentage was lower in 2014 with favorable climatic condition. Forage yield, crude protein content, ADF and NDF decreased, while dry matter content significantly increased with delay in harvesting. The maize hybrid should be harvested when the milk line is three-quarter of the way down the grain that is in the third decade of August.

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Selection strategies in agronomic characters in progenies F3:4 of transgenic soy RR

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-7054202145012421 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Regina Tiago Carneiro ◽

Osvaldo Toshiyuki Hamawaki ◽

Ana Paula Oliveira Nogueira ◽

Arthur Felipe Eustáquio e Silva ◽

Raphael Lemes Hamawaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agronomic Traits ◽

Indirect Selection ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Selection Strategies ◽

Aggregate Information ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Selection Indexes ◽

Total Gain ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT The selection indexes aggregate information to multiple characters and, with this, they are able to carry out the selection of a set of variables simultaneously. The objective was to verify the genetic potential of agronomic traits and to select soybean F3:4 progenies based on different selection strategies. 123 progenies and the parents were sown in randomized blocks with two replications. The gains of direct selection by the indexes, the sum of “ranks” and the genotype-ideotype were lower for all characters when compared to the gains of direct and indirect selection. The rank sum index stood out for achieving the highest total gain with 37.11%. The index of the genotype-ideotype obtained a lower gain (-0.48%) for the character number of days for flowering compared to the sum index of “ranks” (-0.54%) and reached a negative gain for the attribute insertion height of the first pod with -1.82%. The genetic potential of the F3:4 population is high and allows different selection strategies to be applied to reach superior genotypes. The progenies UFU 72, UFU 116, UFU 86, UFU 45, UFU 117, UFU 56, UFU 5, UFU 106, UFU 6, UFU 4, UFU 73, UFU 101, UFU 96, UFU 90, UFU 123, UFU 116, UFU 88, UFU 65, UFU 70, UFU 3, UFU 69 and UFU 37 were selected by both selection indexes. The UFU 72, UFU 90, UFU 88 and UFU 69 progenies are agronomically superior both in direct and indirect selection, as in Mulamba and Mock (1978) sum of “ranks” selections and genotype-ideotype.

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Genome Size: A Novel Predictor of Nut Weight and Nut Size of Walnut Trees

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci12725-17 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 275-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Saadat Sarikhani Khorami ◽

Kazem Arzani ◽

Ghasem Karimzadeh ◽

Abdolali Shojaeiyan ◽

Wilco Ligterink

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genome Size ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

High Yield ◽

Phenotypic Analysis ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Southwest Of Iran

Plant genetic diversity is the fundamental of plant-breeding programs to improve desirable characteristics. Hence, evaluation of genetic diversity is the first step in fruit-breeding programs. Accordingly, the current study was carried out to evaluate 25 superior walnut genotypes in respect of phenotypic and cytological characteristics. For this purpose, 560 walnut genotypes in southwest of Iran were evaluated based on UPOV and International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) descriptor. After a 2-year primary evaluation, 25 superior genotypes were selected for future phenotypic and genome size assessment. Flow cytometry was used to estimate genome size of the selected superior genotypes. A high genetic diversity was found in walnut population collected from the southwest of Iran. The selected superior genotypes had high yield, lateral bearing, thin-shell thickness (0.90–1.64 mm), high nut (12.54–19.80 g) and kernel (7.02–9.91 g) weight with light (L) to extra light (EL) kernel color which easily can be removed from the shell. Also, FaBaCh2 genotype turned out to be protogynous being important as a pollinizer cultivar. In addition to extensive phenotypic analysis, genome size was determined. The studied genotypes were diploid (2n = 2x = 32) and varied in genome size from 1.29 (FaBaAv2) to 1.40 pg (FaBaNs12). Correlation analysis showed that lateral bearing, budbreak date, nut size, and weight were the main variables contributing to walnut production. A linear relationship was found between genome size and nut weight (r = 0.527**), kernel weight (r = 0.551**), and nut size index (NSI) (r = 0.487**). Therefore, genome size can be considered as a strong and valuable tool to predict nut and kernel weight and nut size.

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Developing new lines of Japonica rice for higher quality and yield under arid conditions

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11592 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11592

Author(s):

Mahmoud A.A. El Sayed ◽

Ahmed M.S. Kheir ◽

Fatma A. Hussein ◽

Esmat F. Ali ◽

Mahmoud E. Selim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arid Regions ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

High Yield ◽

Japonica Rice ◽

Total Production ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Arid Conditions ◽

Food Security And Nutrition

Rice is the world’s largest food crop, and its production needs to be doubled by 2050 to cope with population growth and associated demand. In addition to the value of improving yields, quality is also important for breeders and consumers, but it pays less attention in arid regions. During two successive summer growing seasons, the experimental material focused on 34 genotypes developed from different crosses on Fn generation after fixation as well as six of the most recent commercial cultivars used for comparisons. The results showed that a high yield of grain followed by high milling and grain quality characteristics were observed among the 34 genotypes used in this analysis. Highly important and positive correlations between the percentage of hulling and the percentage of milling (0.424) and the yield ability could be accomplished by choosing the number of panicles per plant and the weight of the panicles. Selection criteria for good quality should be met by the percentage of head rice and many mineral elements, particularly zinc and iron. As a consequence, the genotypes M.J 5460S/SK105-1, M.J 5460S/GZ7768-1, M.J 5460S/G177-1, M.J 5460S/SK105-3 and M.J 5460S/SK106-4 had desirable high yield and quality characteristics and could be used as promising accessions to the rice breeding program in arid regions. In addition to commercial genotypes, improved Japonica rice genotypes could be produced in arid conditions for higher yield and quality, leading to an increase in total production, supporting food security and nutrition.

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Susceptibility of almond (Prunus dulcis) cultivars to twig canker and shoot blight caused by Diaporthe amygdali

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-09-21-1875-re ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Beluzán ◽

Xavier Miarnau ◽

Laura Torguet ◽

Lourdes Zazurca ◽

Paloma Abad-Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agronomic Traits ◽

Field Tests ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Relevant Variables ◽

Shoot Blight ◽

Blight Disease ◽

Cultivar Susceptibility ◽

The Relationship ◽

Selection Of

Twenty-five almond cultivars were assessed for susceptibility to Diaporthe amygdali, causal agent of twig canker and shoot blight disease. In laboratory experiments, growing twigs were inoculated with four D. amygdali isolates. Moreover, growing shoots of almond cultivars grafted onto INRA ‘GF-677’ rootstock were used in four-year field inoculations with one D. amygdali isolate. In both type of experiments, inoculum consisted of agar plugs with mycelium, which were inserted underneath the bark and the lesion lengths caused by the fungus were measured. Necrotic lesions were observed in the inoculated almond cultivars both in laboratory and field tests, confirming the susceptibility of all the evaluated cultivars to all the inoculated isolates of D. amygdali. Cultivars were grouped as susceptible or very susceptible according to a cluster analysis. The relationship between some agronomic traits and cultivar susceptibility was also investigated. Blooming and ripening times were found relevant variables to explain cultivars performance related to D. amygdali susceptibility. Late and very late blooming, and early and medium ripening cultivars were highly susceptible to D. amygdali. Our results may provide valuable information that could assist in ongoing breeding programs of this crop and additionally in the selection of cultivars for new almond plantations.

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Tolerance to preharvest sprouting and yield of wheat genotypes from different breeding programs

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2015000800008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 50 (8) ◽

pp. 698-706

Author(s):

Rafael Nörnberg ◽

José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva ◽

Henrique de Souza Luche ◽

Elisane Weber Tessmann ◽

Sydney Antonio Frehner Kavalco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Preharvest Sprouting ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

Falling Number ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Superior Genotypes ◽

Selection Of

Abstract:The objective of this work was to characterize the performance of elite wheat genotypes from different Brazilian breeding programs for traits associated with grain yield and preharvest sprouting. The study was conducted in 2010 and 2011 in the municipality of Capão do Leão, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Thirty-three wheat genotypes were evaluated for traits related to preharvest sprouting and grain yield. The estimate of genetic distance was used to predict potential combinations for selection of plants with high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting. The combined analysis of sprouted grains and falling number shows that the TBIO Alvorada, TBIO Mestre, Frontana, Fundacep Raízes, Fundacep Cristalino, and BRS Guamirim genotypes are tolerant to preharvest sprouting. Combinations of TBIO Alvorada and TBIO Mestre with Fundacep Cristalino show high potential for recovering superior genotypes for high grain yield and tolerance to preharvest sprouting.

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QTL analysis of yield-related traits and their association with functional markers in Brassica napus L.

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar06350 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 58 (8) ◽

pp. 759 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Li ◽

Jinxiong Shen ◽

Tonghua Wang ◽

Qingfang Chen ◽

Xingguo Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

High Yield ◽

Functional Markers ◽

Multiple Traits ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

F2 Population ◽

Expressed Sequence ◽

Simple Sequence

Yield is one of the most important traits in Brassica napus breeding programs. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for yield-related traits based on genetic mapping would help breeders to develop high-yield cultivars. In this study, a genetic linkage map of B. napus, containing 142 sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers, 163 functional markers, 160 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and 117 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers, was constructed in an F2 population of 184 individuals resulting from the cross SI-1300 × Eagle. This map covered 2054.51 cM with an average marker interval of 3.53 cM. Subsequently, QTLs were detected for 12 yield-related traits in Wuhan and Jingmen. In total, 133 QTLs were identified, including 14 consistent ones across the 2 locations. Fifteen of 20 linkage groups (LGs) were found to have QTLs for the 12 traits investigated, and most of the QTLs were clustered, especially on LGs N2 and N7, where similar QTL positions were identified for multiple traits. Eight of 10 QTLs for yield per plant (YP) were also associated with number of seeds per silique (SS), number of siliques per plant (SP), and/or 1000-seed weight (SW). In addition, 45 functional markers involved in 39 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were linked to the QTLs of 12 traits. The present results may serve as a valuable basis for further molecular dissection of agronomic traits in B. napus, and the markers related to QTLs may offer promising possible makers for marker assisted selection.

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Direct selection for phenotypic traits in carrot genotypes

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620190316 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 354-358

Author(s):

Agnaldo DF de Carvalho ◽

Giovani O da Silva ◽

Gabriel E Pereira

Keyword(s):

Agronomic Traits ◽

Block Design ◽

Direct Selection ◽

Phenotypic Traits ◽

Crop Breeding ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Increase Productivity ◽

Abstract Selection ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT Selection of more productive carrot genotypes is fundamental for crop breeding programs aiming to increase productivity and reduce cost production. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate gains from direct selection and to measure its effects on other agronomic traits of interest in carrots. Thirty six carrot genotypes were evaluated in two experiments: the first, sown in the second half of November 2016 and the second one in the first week of March 2017. The experimental plots covered a useful area of 1.5 m2, in transversal rows and 0.10-m double spacing between single rows x 0.20-m between double rows in a randomized block design with 3 replicates. At 90 days, the incidence of leaf blight was evaluated using a note scale and 100 days after sowing, roots were harvested measuring the number and mass of total, commercial and non-commercial roots of each plot. The direct selection of commercial root mass allowed to estimate indirect and expressive gains for most evaluated traits, allowing to select seven genotypes (populations 758, 751, 737, 736, 735, 744 and 742) which can be released as cultivar or for the formation of a broader genetic-based population.

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The Effect of Potassium and Sulfur Fertilization on Seed Quality of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9040209 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 209 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Przemysław Barłóg ◽

Witold Grzebisz ◽

Remigiusz Łukowiak

Keyword(s):

Faba Bean ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Field Trials ◽

High Yield ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

The Impact

Faba bean seeds are regarded as a highly valuable protein source for human and animal nutrition. High yield and quality of faba bean require adequate mineral nutrition. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of potassium (K) and elemental sulfur (S) on crude protein (CP) and tannin content (TC) in seeds, crude protein yield (CPY), and amino acid (AA) composition. Field trials were carried out during 2010–2013 in the temperate climate of Central Europe. The study assessed the influence of the following factors: variable soil K content and fertilization (K1, K2, K3, and K4) and elemental S application (0, 25, and 50 kg S ha−1). Plants were harvested at two growth stages to obtain immature seeds and mature seeds. K and S applications did not have a significant impact on CP and AA composition, including sulfur AA content. The TC decreased in response to increasing content of plant-available K in soil. In respect to CPY, the results indicate a positive response of faba bean to increasing K content in soil. The effect of S fertilization depended on the K treatment. The most beneficial influence of S on CPY was registered on K-poor soil.

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