The Different Hopping Methods Mathematical Models

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-13
Author(s):  
Ольга Алексеевна Борисенко ◽  
Ирина Николаевна Грибкова
Keyword(s):  
Classical Method ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Vital Activity ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Ph Influence ◽  
Beer Maturation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Статья посвящена вопросу сравнения двух способов охмеления - классического и инновационного «холодного» способа внесения хмеля при дображивании пива, - а именно оценке основных факторов процесса, влияющих на интенсивность образования изоксантогумола, характеризующего тона горечи в пиве. Приведены результаты исследования качественных показателей модельных растворов, позволяющих минимизировать влияние прочих органических соединений на уровень содержания изоксантогумола в среде. Математическая оценка зависимостей позволила получить многофункциональные уравнения зависимости содержания изоксантогумола от ряда параметров, играющих важное значение при различных способах охмеления в технологии пивоварения. Математический анализ позволил выявить высокую достоверность полученных данных. Анализ полученных качественных характеристик в доверительном интервале р ≥ 0,95 позволил при классическом способе охмеления выявить влияние рН среды, а при «холодном» способе - живых дрожжевых клеток, преобразующих ксантогумол в изоформу. Основная часть полученных результатов согласовалась с ранее полученными относительно влияния рН, продолжительности охмеления, корреляции количества полифенолов, уровня изоксантогумола. Однако, влияние жизнедеятельности дрожжевых клеток не было отмечено ни в одном труде, что требует дополнительного экспериментального исследования. The article is devoted to the issue of comparing two hopping methods - the classical and innovative «dry hopping» method during the beer maturation, namely, the process main factors assessment that affect the isoxanthohumol formation intensity, which characterizes the beer bitterness tone. The model solutions qualitative indicators study results, which allow minimizing the effect of other organic compounds on the level of isoxanthohumol content in the medium, are presented. The dependences mathematical assessment made it possible to obtain multifunctional equations for the dependence of the isoxanthohumol content on several parameters that play an important role in various methods of hopping in brewing technology. Mathematical analysis made it possible to reveal the high reliability of the data obtained. The obtained qualitative characteristics analysis in the confidence interval p ≥ 0.95 made it possible to reveal the medium pH influence with the classical method of hopping, and with the «dry hopping» method - living yeast cells that convert xanthohumol into an isoform. Most of the results obtained were consistent with those previously obtained regarding the effect of pH, duration of hopping, and the correlation between the polyphenols amount and the isoxanthohumol level. However, the influence of the yeast cells vital activity was not noted in any work, which requires additional experimental research.

Measurement of Perceived Interpersonal and Societal Anti-Muslim Discrimination in the United States

Assessment ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 107319112097338
Author(s):  
Naheed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Discrimination Index ◽  
Muslim Americans ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Component Models

Background: Hate crimes against Muslim Americans have increased exponentially in the past 20 years, but there is currently no scale for measuring perceived anti-Muslim discrimination in the United States. To fill this gap, this study used a mixed-method approach to develop scales for measuring perceived anti-Muslim discrimination. Method: Qualitative data informed the development and validation of the 19-item Societal Anti-Muslim Discrimination Index and the 9-item Interpersonal Anti-Muslim Discrimination Index. Quantitative data ( N = 347) were collected from Muslim Americans using an online survey and used to assess the anti-Muslim indexes. Results: Qualitative data contributed to the refinement scale items. Quantitative results indicated one-component models and modest to high reliability of the Interpersonal Anti-Muslim Discrimination Index (.77) and Societal Anti-Muslim Discrimination Index (.88) scales. Discussion: Study results established the validity of these novel scales for measuring the distinct facets of anti-Muslim discrimination not captured by the Everyday Discrimination Index. These scales will facilitate research on anti-Muslim discrimination and the health implications of this form of religious-based discrimination.

The design and characteristics analysis of lunar based Two Axes gimbal with high reliability

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Huang ◽  
Zhao-hui Liu ◽  
Zhi-guo Li ◽  
Zhi-yuan Chang ◽  
Xin Shi
Keyword(s):  
High Reliability ◽  
Characteristics Analysis

scholarly journals Possibilities for predicting preeclampsia development in pregnant women with bronchial asthma

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Olga V. Lavrova ◽  
Valery D. Kulikov ◽  
Elena A. Shapovalova ◽  
Anna V. Sablina
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Prediction Algorithm ◽  
Average Dose ◽  
Doppler Measurement ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Study Results

Hypothesis/aims of study. Currently, preeclampsia is one of the most pressing problems of obstetrics due to the complexity of pathogenesis and to the lack of early and reliable diagnostic criteria. The preeclampsia rate in patients with bronchial asthma is proved higher than in asthma free pregnant women. This study aimed to establish the prediction algorithm of preeclampsia development in in pregnant women suffering from bronchial asthma of varying severity and different level of control. Study design, materials and methods. Asthma duration was studied in 110 pregnant women using the SPSS Discriminant Function Analysis method. Basic therapy and level of asthma control were studied together with respiratory tests, obstetrician medical history, and complications of the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. In addition, serum interleukin panel was assessed and placental Doppler measurement was carried out. Results. Clinical and statistical analysis made it possible out of 87 significant risk factors for the development of hypertensive disorders and preeclampsia to form a highly informative set of signs for a linear discriminant model for predicting preeclampsia: 1) asthma exacerbation in the first trimester of pregnancy; 2) asthma duration severity; 3) average dose of inhaled glucocorticosteroid drugs administered to the exact patient during pregnancy; 4) serum levels of tumor necrosis factor, interferon gamma, and interleukins-4, 6, and 8. Conclusion. The inclusion method of step-by-step discriminant analysis allowed establishing a highly informative four-component complex of clinical predictors for preeclampsia development in pregnant women with asthma. The results of the model testing showed its extremely high reliability (up to 100% within study selection as well as within control selection). Thus, the study results can be recommended for clinical use.

scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics of Different Rates of Dying

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Putincev ◽  
D. V. Bogomolov ◽  
D. V. Sundukov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Forensic Practice ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Study Results ◽  
First Time ◽  
Further Development

The purpose of the study: scientific evidence and development of accessible morphological criteria that allow to determine the duration of dying and the rate of dying.Materials and methods. The material of the main study included 206 identified deaths of persons with different pre-known processes of dying, which served as criterion for selection from1500 deaths (n=206, 14%). Of these, 110 cases were observed by the forensic medical expertize, 79 cases were revealed by the forensic medical examination of the dead body and 17 cases were included after the postmortem autopsy. The sample included from 30 to 57 cases subdivided in 5 groups. 53 cases were selected for the first time interval, 30 observations for the second one, 32 observations for the third one, 34 observations for the fourth one and 57 observations for the fifth time interval. The following methods were used to study the material: analysis of information about the circumstances of death (based on the records), retrospective clinical and anatomical analysis, the main (classical) method of autopsy of human corpses in sectional studies and histological examination. In addition, an immunohistochemical test, as well as morphometric, macroscopic and photographic methods were used. For the accuracy and reliability of the findings, morphological and statistical analysis was used, which included both statistical analysis of morphological characteristics and tanatogenetic analysis of the cases of the sampled material.Study results. We developed and scientifically proved a methodology for determining 5 rates of dying according to the morphological characteristics systematized in morphological complexes: fulminant rate ≤15-30 min; fast rate >30 min — ≤2 h; moderate rate >2 — ≤6 h; slow rate >6 — ≤12 h; lingering rate >12 h. Approbation of the proposed method on the gross experimental material allowed to set the diagnostic limit of the total significance for each morphological complex, and thereby, to improve the methodology of establishing the rate of dying in accordance to the morphological characteristics for the use in forensic practice.Conclusion. The morphological complexes of the rate of dying established in this work would serve as a base for further development of not only forensic thanatology, but also for the aim of improving the medical and preventive care.

scholarly journals Null Hypotheses, Interval Estimation, and Bayesian Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer J. Shin ◽  
David Zurakowski
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Hypothesis Testing ◽  
Prior Probability ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Frequentist Approach ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Statistical Approaches

Hypothesis testing using a frequentist approach is the mainstay of biostatistics and forms the foundation for assessing the significance of study results. This classical method has well-understood advantages as it determines whether data are statistically improbable and provides a threshold (ie, the P value) for delineating significance. Alternative statistical approaches have been proposed, including Bayesian analysis. This technique incorporates a prior probability as to what is already known clinically with the observed data. It is important for otolaryngologists to understand the advantages and disadvantages of these 2 approaches to conduct the most appropriate analyses.

scholarly journals PROFESSIONAL-VERBAL FORMAL EDUCATION AND FORMATION THEREOF IN PEDAGOGICAL HIGHER SCHOOL BACHELORS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1163-1172
Author(s):  
Alla А. Evtyugina ◽  
Baktigul Z. Kurmanova ◽  
Viktoriya Z. Islamgaliyeva ◽  
Marina V. Sturikova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Education System ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Empirical Method ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Purpose of the study: The relevance of the issue under study is conditioned by the necessity to form professional-verbal formal education in the bachelors of pedagogical universities. The goal of this article is to determine qualitative characteristics of professional-verbal formal education in bachelors of pedagogical higher school, substantiation of use of forms and methods for generation of professional-verbal formal education. Methodology: The empirical method is a leading method for studying of this problem, as it allows to observe the process of formation of professional-verbal formal education of bachelors, to measure and compare indicators of the level of the professional-verbal formal education by means of performing specialized tasks; methods of mathematical statistics and graphical imaging of the study results are also used. Results: The concept of formal education is presented by the authors as a totality of personalistic and professional-verbal properties of a teacher and is regarded as a property which determines living standards of the man as an indicator of the human and intellectual capital, as an indicator of the efficiency of the social and professional activity. Applications of this study: The materials of this article can be of use in practical work for teachers of linguistic disciplines of not only universities but also secondary schools and colleges; they also can be of interest to teachers and psychologists of the education system and for all related to vocational-pedagogic activity. Novelty/Originality of this study: A set of measures has been developed and approbated which is necessary and sufficient for the generation of the professional-verbal formal education in bachelors; use of game situations at academic classes and conducting of various events in out-of-classes time, etc. were proposed.

scholarly journals The role of eye diseases in disabilities of children population

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 1057-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
L F Kagramanova ◽  
K F Agaeva
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
The State ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Aim. To estimate the disabilities new cases incidence dynamics in children population of the Azerbaijan Republic and define the role of eye diseases in the formation of the children disability risk. Methods. The State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan materials over a period of 2009-2013 were used, which included information on primary cases of children disabilities. To study the children population disabilities nosologic causes as a result of eye diseases children medical examination results in 2013 (total 497 children considered disabled) were used. Statistical analysis was performed using the qualitative characteristics analysis method. Results. In children up to 18 years old over a period of 2009 and 2013 a statistically significant increase in disabilities new cases rate was observed as a result of all the selected diseases groups, except for ear diseases (0.80±0.05 and 0.78±0.05 per 10 thousand respectively; p >0.05). The eye diseases proportion among the causes of disabilities primary cases did not significantly change in 2009, 2010 and 2011 (7.3±0.33; 7.1±0.34 and 7.9±0.29% respectively; p >0.05). In 2012, its value significantly (p

scholarly journals Individual Travel Behavior Modeling of Public Transport Passenger Based on Graph Construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Liang ◽  
Jiancheng Weng ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Selene Baez Santamaria ◽  
Jianming Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Behavior Modeling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Demand Prediction ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Behavior Choice

This paper presents a novel method for mining the individual travel behavior regularity of different public transport passengers through constructing travel behavior graph based model. The individual travel behavior graph is developed to represent spatial positions, time distributions, and travel routes and further forecasts the public transport passenger’s behavior choice. The proposed travel behavior graph is composed of macronodes, arcs, and transfer probability. Each macronode corresponds to a travel association map and represents a travel behavior. A travel association map also contains its own nodes. The nodes of a travel association map are created when the processed travel chain data shows significant change. Thus, each node of three layers represents a significant change of spatial travel positions, travel time, and routes, respectively. Since a travel association map represents a travel behavior, the graph can be considered a sequence of travel behaviors. Through integrating travel association map and calculating the probabilities of the arcs, it is possible to construct a unique travel behavior graph for each passenger. The data used in this study are multimode data matched by certain rules based on the data of public transport smart card transactions and network features. The case study results show that graph based method to model the individual travel behavior of public transport passengers is effective and feasible. Travel behavior graphs support customized public transport travel characteristics analysis and demand prediction.

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