scholarly journals The role of the oral microbiome in the diagnosis and prognosis of tumors of the oral cavity

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelia Spinei ◽  
◽  
Anca Chiriac ◽  
Iurie Spinei ◽  
Gheorghe Tibirna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Oral Tumors ◽  
Virulence Properties

Despite advancement in tumors treatment, oral cancer has a poor prognosis and is often detected at late stage. Recent advancement in metagenomic technologies may be useful in identifying oral tumors–related microbiome, their genomes, virulence properties, and their interaction with host immunity. Alteration in the oral commensal microbial communities have potential application as a diagnostic tool to predict oral tumors. To develop highly precise and effective therapeutic approaches, identification of specific oral microbiomes may be required. In this review, we narrate the role of microbiome in the progression of oral tumors and its role as an early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for oral tumors.

scholarly journals Circular RNA hsa_circ_0043280 inhibits cervical cancer tumor growth and metastasis via miR-203a-3p/PAQR3 axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyu Zhang ◽  
Pan Liu ◽  
Jiaming Huang ◽  
Yuandong Liao ◽  
Chaoyun Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Inhibit Tumor Growth ◽  
Cancer Tumor ◽  
Tumor Growth And Metastasis

AbstractCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are known to act as key regulators in a variety of malignancies. However, the role of circRNAs in cervical cancer (CCa) remains largely unknown. Herein, we demonstrated that a circRNA derived from the TADA2A gene (hsa_circ_0043280) was significantly downregulated in CCa and that this reduction in expression was correlated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, our results demonstrated that hsa_circ_0043280 functions as a tumor suppressor to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis in CCa. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0043280 competitively sponges miR-203a-3p and prevents miR-203a-3p from reducing the levels of PAQR3. Collectively, our results demonstrate that hsa_circ_0043280 plays a pivotal role in the development and metastasis of CCa, thus suggesting that hsa_circ_0043280 has significant potential as a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for CCa.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Exosome Nanovesicles in Lung Cancer: State-of-The-Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezvan Mohammadi ◽  
Seyede A. Hosseini ◽  
Somaye Noruzi ◽  
Ailin Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Lipid Surface

Lung cancer is a malignant disease with a frequency of various morbidity, mortality, and poor prognosis in patients that the conventional therapeutic approaches are not efficient sufficiently. Recently, with the discovery of exosomes, researchers have examined new approaches in the development, diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery of various cancer, such as lung cancer, and display various its potential. Investigation of exosome-derived lung cancer cells contents and preparation of their exhaustive profile by advanced technics such as labeling exosome with nanoparticle and types of mass spectroscopy methods will assist researchers for take advantage of the specific properties of exosomes. Moreover, scientists will present encouraging ways for the treatment of lung cancer with loaded of drugs, proteins, microRNA, and siRNA in specific antigen targeted exosomes. This manuscript will include brief details on the role of exosomes as a novel prognostic biomarker (by the content of lipid, surface and internal protein, miRNAs, and LnRNAs) and therapeutic agent (as vaccine and targeted drug delivery) in lung cancer.

scholarly journals Elevating PKM2 Expression Indicates a Biomarker of Poor Prognosis in Patients With Liver Cancer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoxiang Lv ◽  
Qiqi Zhang ◽  
Yuanguo Li ◽  
Entao Li ◽  
Fangxu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Cancer Metabolism ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Predictive Biomarker ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Cox Analysis ◽  
T Classification

Abstract M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) plays an important role in reprogramming of cell metabolism which is a hall-marker of tumorigenesis. PKM2 expression altering is closely related to cancer metabolism and tumor growth. In the present study, we analyzed the role of PKM2 expression in liver cancer in order to clarify its potential application value in the diagnosis and prognosis of liver cancer patients. In cancerous liver tissues, the PKM2 expression was significantly higher than normal tissues. High PKM2 expressing was related to patient’s age, gender, histological type, grade, stage, T classification and poor survival. Patients with Higher PKM2 expression had a shorter OS (P = 0.0013) and RFS (P = 0.027). ROC and Multivariate Cox analysis showed that high PKM2expression was a risk factor for patients’ poor prognosis. GSEA identified mitotic spindle, PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling, notch signaling, apoptosis, G2M checkpoint and Wnt/β- Cantenin signaling were enriched with high PKM2 expression phenotype. These findings suggested PKM2 expression has potential as a predictive biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with liver cancer.

Treatment of the 5q– Syndrome

Hematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Fenaux ◽  
Charikleia Kelaidi
Keyword(s):  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Severe Anemia ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Major Side Effect ◽  
Transfusion Independence ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Rbc Transfusion

Abstract Defined by isolated del 5q and no excess of marrow blasts, the “5q– syndrome” is a specific type of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with particular characteristics, including severe anemia, frequent thrombocytosis, typical dysmegakaryopoiesis and favorable outcome. Its pathogenesis remains uncertain, in particular the role of inactivation of gene(s) situated in 5q. It should be differentiated from other MDS with del 5q having an excess of marrow blasts and/or additional cytogenetic abnormalities, which carry a poor prognosis. Until the advent of lenalidomide, repeated RBC transfusions were generally the only treatment of the 5q– syndrome, which was resistant to other therapeutic approaches. Lenalidomide can lead to RBC transfusion independence in at least two thirds of cases of the 5q– syndrome, two thirds of those responses persisting after 2 years of treatment. Importantly, not only reversal of anemia but also frequent complete pathological and cytogenetic responses are obtained. Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, especially during the first 6 to 8 weeks of treatment, are the major side effect of lenalidomide, justifying close monitoring of blood counts and regular patient visits. Preliminary results suggest that lenalidomide is also very active in MDS with del 5q other than the 5q–syndrome. Although its mechanism of action remains uncertain, lenalidomide appears to target specifically the del 5q clone. By doing this, lenalidomide may have an effect on disease course and survival, which is currently being assessed in clinical trials.

Long Noncoding RNAs as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Targets for Ischemic Stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1115-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianwen Wang ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
Ruixia Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Focal Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Ischemic Disease ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

LncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs) are endogenous molecules lacking protein-encoding capacity, which have been identified as key regulators of ischemic stroke. Increasing evidence suggests that lncRNAs play critical roles in several aspects of ischemic stroke, including atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Hence, lncRNAs may further broaden our understanding of stroke pathogenesis. Altered lncRNA expression has been found in rodent focal cerebral ischemia models and oxygen–glucose deprived mouse brain microvascular endothelial cells as well as stroke patients. LncRNAs are considered to be promising biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cerebral ischemia. Here, we have reviewed the latest advances in lncRNA-based therapeutic approaches for ischemic disease. Accordingly, we summarize the current understanding of lncRNAs and ischemic stroke, focusing on the regulatory role of lncRNAs in ischemic stroke, as well as their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cerebral ischemia.

scholarly journals DDX54 Plays a Cancerous Role Through Activating P65 and AKT Signaling Pathway in Colorectal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yu ◽  
Jing-Long Wang ◽  
Li-Li Meng ◽  
Chun-Ting Hu ◽  
Zhao-Wen Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Akt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Phosphorylation Level ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancers, and its incidence is still steadily increasing. The DDX RNA helicase family members have been found to play a role in various cancers; however, the role of DDX54 in colorectal cancer is still unclear and needed to be defined. Here, we found DDX54 was overexpressed in CRC tissues by the label-free mass spectrum, which was also verified in tissue microarray of colon cancer, as well as the CRC cell lines and TCGA database. High DDX54 level was correlated with tumor stage and distant metastasis, which always indicated a poor prognosis to the CRC patients. DDX54 could promote the proliferation and mobility of CRC cells through increasing the phosphorylation level p65 and AKT leading to the tumorigenesis. Here, we have preliminarily studied the function of DDX54 in CRC, which would improve our understanding of the underlying biology of CRC and provide the new insight that could be translated into novel therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals In silico study for decoding the correlated role of MCM7 gene in progression of breast cancer and Alzheimers disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navneeth Sriram ◽  
Sunny Mukherjee ◽  
Mahesh Kumar Sah
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Protein Protein Interaction ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
In Silico Study ◽  
Microarray Datasets ◽  
Overrepresentation Analysis

Breast cancer and Alzheimers disease (AD) are two of the progressive and detrimental disorders affecting large population around the globe. While the chemotherapy of breast cancer is well established and enriched, the AD still lacks it due to unrecognized peripheral biomarkers for detection and targeted therapy. This study aimed to identify common molecular signature markers in breast cancer (grade 1, 2, and 3) and AD for the diagnosis and prognosis. We used two microarray datasets (GSE42568, GSE33000) respectively for both disorders that led to identification of two common differentially expressed genes (DEGs), namely MCM7 and CD209, as common players in both these two conditions. While the pattern of expression of CD209 gene running upregulated in both disorders, the MCM7 showed unusual contrary in its pattern of expression. The expression of MCM7 is downregulated in breast cancer but upregulated in AD. Gene set and protein overrepresentation analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI), and protein subcellular localization analyses of this underrated MCM7 gene was performed with further prediction and validation of its structure. The findings may pave the way in designing therapeutic approaches to ameliorate AD.

scholarly journals GPBAR1 Promotes Proliferation and Is Related to Poor Prognosis of High-Grade Glioma via Inducing MAFB Expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suohui Sun ◽  
Hui Guo ◽  
Nan Liang ◽  
Tao Wu ◽  
Chunpu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Prognostic Biomarker ◽  
High Grade Glioma ◽  
Prognostic Biomarkers ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Abstract Background Glioma is the most prevalent brain tumors with extremely poor prognosis, but the prognostic biomarkers of high-grade (grade III and IV) gliomas (HGG) are still insufficient. Methods In our study, we investigated the expression of GPBAR1 in HGG by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and evaluated the clinical significance of GPBAR1 with univariate and multivariate analyses. By retrieving the data from TCGA, we screened the genes significantly associated with GPBAR1, and identified the correlation between GPBAR1 and MAFB. By experiments in vitro, we showed the pivotal role of MAFB in GPBAR1-induced proliferation of HGG. Results GPBAR1 expression in HGGs was significantly higher than that in normal brain tissues. GPBAR1 was an independent prognostic biomarker of HGG. GPBAR1 promoted the proliferation of HGG by inducing MAFB expression. MAFB was also a prognostic biomarker of HGG, and patients with co-expression of MAFB and GPBAR1 had worse prognosis. Conclusions GPBAR1 promoted the proliferation of HGG by inducing MAFB expression. Both GPBAR1 and MAFB were prognostic biomarkers of HGG, and patients with co-expression of MAFB and GPBAR1 had worse prognosis than those with only GPBAR1 or MAFB expression.

The miR-21 potential of serving as a biomarker for liver diseases in clinical practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 2295-2305
Author(s):  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Rongxue Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatic Disease ◽  
Noninvasive Detection ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Expected Performance ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Disease Condition ◽  
Complex Regulatory Network

The role of miR-21 in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, together with the possibility of detecting microRNA in the circulation, makes miR-21 a potential biomarker for noninvasive detection. In this review, we summarize the potential utility of extracellular miR-21 in the clinical management of hepatic disease patients and compared it with the current clinical practice. MiR-21 shows screening and prognostic value for liver cancer. In liver cirrhosis, miR-21 may serve as a biomarker for the differentiating diagnosis and prognosis. MiR-21 is also a potential biomarker for the severity of hepatitis. We elucidate the disease condition under which miR-21 testing can reach the expected performance. Though miR-21 is a key regulator of liver diseases, microRNAs coordinate with each other in the complex regulatory network. As a result, the performance of miR-21 is better when combined with other microRNAs or classical biomarkers under certain clinical circumstances.

Role of melatonin in regulating neurogenesis: Implications for the neurodegenerative pathology and analogous therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayuri Shukla ◽  
Areechun Sotthibundhu ◽  
Piyarat Govitrapong
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Adult Neurogenesis ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Progenitor Cell Proliferation

The revelation of adult brain exhibiting neurogenesis has established that the brain possesses great plasticity and that neurons could be spawned in the neurogenic zones where hippocampal adult neurogenesis attributes to learning and memory processes. With strong implications in brain functional homeostasis, aging and cognition, various aspects of adult neurogenesis reveal exuberant mechanistic associations thereby further aiding in facilitating the therapeutic approaches regarding the development of neurodegenerative processes in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Impaired neurogenesis has been significantly evident in AD with compromised hippocampal function and cognitive deficits. Melatonin the pineal indolamine augments neurogenesis and has been linked to AD development as its levels are compromised with disease progression. Here, in this review, we discuss and appraise the mechanisms via which melatonin regulates neurogenesis in pathophysiological conditions which would unravel the molecular basis in such conditions and its role in endogenous brain repair. Also, its components as key regulators of neural stem and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation in the embryonic and adult brain would aid in accentuating the therapeutic implications of this indoleamine in line of prevention and treatment of AD.   

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