Sociological Study of Work Load and Autonomy among Female Farm Workers in Punjab Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143
Author(s):  
Tehmeena Ikram Ullah ◽  
Nazia Malik ◽  
Sadaf Mahmood ◽  
Farhana Nosheen
Keyword(s):  
Work Load ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Agricultural Labor ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Heavy Work Load ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Gender Based

Literature suggests that the women are underprivileged around the globe in all spheres of life with mere differences. Female labor participation in agricultural sphere is most significant for economic development of any country especially for developing countries. Almost 43% of agricultural labor consists on female workers around the world and 67% of female labor force work in agriculture in Pakistan. The research in hand was gender based study conducted to assess the work load and level of autonomy among female farm workers in Punjab Pakistan. It was cross sectional quantitative study, interview schedule was used as data collection tool, multistage and proportionate sampling was used to draw sample of 400 female respondents from Punjab. SPSS was used for Univariate, bivariate and Multivariate data analysis. The study concluded that female in farming bear heavy work load with least level of autonomy in Punjab Pakistan.    

scholarly journals Selection of Specialty and its satisfaction in Medical graduates

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-391
Author(s):  
Huma Tasleem ◽  
Tasneem Akhter ◽  
Samina Tasleem ◽  
Haider Ghazanfar ◽  
Sadia Shamsunisa
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Patient Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Graduates ◽  
Heavy Work Load ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Selection Of

Background: Selection of specialty in medical graduates is a challenging job. Consultants and residents are suffering from some unknown discomfort. The aim of this study was to survey the resident’s selection and their wish to change it and analyze the factors responsible for this wish.Methods: Cross sectional survey was done on residents of different specialty working in different hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad (Pakistan) with the help of self-made questionnaire from 2012 to 2014. SPSS 21 was used to analyze the result.Results: We gave a total of 1200 questionnaires out of which 946 questionnaires were completely filled. Out of 946 residents, 48.5% (459) were male residents whereas 51.5% (487) were female residents. Majority of residents 75.4% (713) did not want to change their specialty whereas 24.6% (233) wanted to change their specialty if they would have been provided with such opportunity. Patient Contact, Interesting Diseases and Hospital based careers were the 3 main reasons for selecting a particular specialty. Night duties, Clinical Work and heavy work load were the 3 main causes for having the desire to leave their current specialty.Conclusion: Awareness should be given to medical students during their MBBS program about the challenges they would face in different specialty. Proper sessions should be arranged to help students realize their actual interest and identify field which would suit their temperament.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(3) 2016 p.385-391

Some Attendance Patterns Exhibited by Members of Parliament during the 28th Parliament

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Dorothy Byrne
Keyword(s):  
Work Load ◽  
Committee Work ◽  
Members Of Parliament ◽  
Attendance Patterns ◽  
Heavy Work Load ◽  
Heavy Work

It can be said that in the Liberal back bench there are 20 members, or 16.4 per cent of the total doing 36.8 per cent of the committee work. Similarly, 27.1 per cent of the members are doing 52.8 per cent of the committee work. One of the major complaints of government members is the extremely heavy work load which has been aggravated by the recent changes in the rules and procedures of the House. Indeed, if one is listening to the complaints of a member who is in this 27.1 per cent group, his complaints are justified and real. One must conclude that the remaining 53.2 per cent who are responsible for only 25.4 per cent of the committee work must be the victims of work from another source.

Constraints faced by animal husbandry officials in the implementation of integrated murrah development scheme (IMDS) in Haryana Sta

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. S. Jadoun ◽  
Y. S. Jha ◽  
Pragya Bhaduria ◽  
Rohit Gupta ◽  
Ruchi Singh
Keyword(s):  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Development Scheme ◽  
Heavy Work Load ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Operational Constraints ◽  
Ranking Technique

A study has been conducted in Haryana to analyze the various constraints faced by animal husbandry officials in implementation of “Integrated Murrah Development Scheme” (IMDS). Data were collected from 40 animal husbandry officials from four districts namely Kurukshetra, Mahendragarh, Bhiwani and Jhajjar. Garett’s ranking technique was used to prioritize the different sets of constraints. “Heavy work-load due to multidimensional activities of the project during peak season” and “Inadequacy of staff in the scheme” were the major administrative constraints in order of severity. Under technical constraints “lack of mass media approach” followed by “No provision for the refresher courses for the programme functionaries” were the most severe. “Inadequate number of staff at field level and large area of operation under a single supervisor” followed by “lack of involvement of NGO and PRIs in enhancing community participation” were important infrastructural and operational constraints. Untimely release of fund by the parent department and misguidance of farmers by the middlemen/ Brokers were the economic and socio-psychological constraints, respectively. Lack of technical expertise in the field of extension, lack of emphasis on educating the dairy farmers were other important miscellaneous constraints faced by animal husbandry officials. Removal of these constraints should receive priority over the considerable focus on the implementation of such scheme.

Stress, Social Support, and Health in Married Professional Women with Small Children

1991 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Reifman ◽  
Monica Biernat ◽  
Eric L. Lang
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Role Conflict ◽  
Sex Discrimination ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Professional Women ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Stress Buffering ◽  
Heavy Work Load ◽  
Heavy Work

Two hundred married professional women with small children were surveyed to investigate what types of occupational and role-conflict stresses are associated with physical and depressive symptoms, and whether social support could protect individuals from the negative health effects of stress. Six stress indices predicted physical and depressive symptoms, both concurrently and 1 year later. These stresses reflected perceptions of lack of authority and influence on the job, sex discrimination, a heavy work load, work imposing on relaxation, family imposing on relaxation, and overall suffering from role conflict. Social support yielded no stress-buffering effects.

scholarly journals Computer Supported Collaborative LANGUAGE Learning (CSCLL)

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Min Jung Jee
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning ◽  
Classroom Implementation ◽  
Specific Description ◽  
Heavy Work Load ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Collaborative Language

<p>As the title suggests, the concept of Computer-Supported Collaborative Language Learning (CSCLL) adopts and shares many aspects of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL). This article is an attempt to incorporate CSCL in English as a Second Language (ESL) and English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts, and to examine the potential applicability of CSCL in ESL and EFL classes. The goal of this article is to examine potential effects of CSCL in ESL and EFL. To validate its usefulness, the theoretical framework of CSCL and the effects of collaboration in language learning are introduced. With guidelines for task design, a sample of CSCLL is presented. The specific description of the sample is designed to enhance the ESL and EFL teachers' understanding and to motivate them to use CSCLL in their teaching contexts. Practical tips for classroom implementation will be also included. In addition, potential benefits and limitations are discussed. Among these are increased authenticity, eliciting students' active participation and interaction, flexibility, reduced anxiety and higher motivation, scaffolding and collaboration, learnercenteredness, developing electronic literacy and promoting ownership and personal responsibility by webpublishing. Affordability, practicality and heavy work-load for the teachers can be considered as potential limitations. Finally, pedagogical implications for teachers and researchers are suggested.</p>

scholarly journals Relationship between School Climate and Early Years Teachers Professional Identity in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-498
Author(s):  
Phyllis M. Magoma ◽  
Teresa Mwoma ◽  
Esther Waithaka
Keyword(s):  
School Climate ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Heavy Work Load ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Teaching Learning

This mixed methods research examined the relationship between school climate and early year’s teachers’ professional identity. Using a sample of 220 teachers in 44 schools, the researcher established that early years teachers’ professional identity was weak and school climate had an effect on the teachers’ professional identity. This article’s findings confirmed that among school climate variables safety in school, high teacher-pupil ratio, lack of adequate physical facilities, teachers not involved in decision making, poor working environment, heavy work load and lack of enough teaching-learning materials, as having a negative impact on the teachers professional identity. Lastly, in order to boost EYET (Early Years Education Teachers) professional identity, provision of positive climates in schools was found to be imperative.

Attention and Perception of Intensity of Work

1981 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Siegel ◽  
James Johnson ◽  
Christine Davis
Keyword(s):  
Load Condition ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Heavy Work Load ◽  
Physical Task ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Attention And Perception

The effect of attentional focus on the perception of intensity of physical work was examined. 15 untrained college women were given a set of arithmetic problems of varying difficulty, while simultaneously performing work at different loads on a bicycle ergometer. It was hypothesized that as attention was focused on the mental task, less processing of physical stimuli would occur, and the perception of intensity of work would be reduced with the exception of a heavy-work load condition in which physical stimuli would be too compelling to repress. While it was concluded that attention was manipulated during the physical task, analysis of the data showed no effect on the perception of work.

IMPACT OF ACADEMIC STRESS ON STUDENTS OF CLASS +1

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (36) ◽  
Author(s):  
Navdeep Kaur Gill
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Moderate Level ◽  
College Life ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Heavy Work Load ◽  
Heavy Work

Stress arises when the combination of internal and external pressures exceeds the individual’s resources to cope with their situation. For many young adults, college is the best time of life. These critical years can also be undermined by depression, anxiety and stress. Students are very likely to experience some or many stressors which may test their ability to cope: adapting to a new environment, balancing a heavy work load, making new friends, becoming more independent, and dealing with myriad of other issues. Looking from a closer perspective, the college students’ encounters a number of challenges in his day to day life, therefore the whole idea of an existing and vibrant college life is unveiled by these challenges which in turn contribute to stress and if not dealt with can only escalate and hamper their academic performance, emotional and social well-being. The purpose of the study is to find out the level of academic stress among students Of Class +1 having different streams. A sample of 200 students of class +1 studying in school of Ferozepur District of Punjab, India was drawn using random sampling technique. The main focus of this paper to examines the sources and effects of stress on students. The study reveals that the students of class +1 are having moderate level of academic stress and irrespective of sub samples of students are having moderate level of academic stress.

scholarly journals Work environment affects patient safety climate in a government hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Dyah Utari ◽  
Syahrul Meizar Nasri
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Safety Climate ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Patient Safety Climate ◽  
Heavy Work Load ◽  
Heavy Work ◽  
Survey Results

The work environment becomes one of the motivations for someone to work. The climate of working environment is very important for a person, especially for medical staffs who actually handle and deal with sick people. Medical officers are required to always be friendly, agile, discipline and polite in front of patients thus the patient feels comfortable and quiet. This study aimed to analysis the relationship between work environment and patients’ safety climate. This study was conducted with questionnaires. Based on the survey results, it was revealed that the hospital environment determines the form of services provided to patients. The working environment has positive relationship to patients’ safety climate. At the hospital, there are latent conditions that may be a risk of accidents that come from heavy work load, management and inadequate supervision, work environment filled with pressure and inadequate communication systems. Work environment contributes greatly because the overall work in providing services to patients requires good teamwork.

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