Antihyperglycemic activity of Typha elephantina leaves using in vivo and in vitro Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 3150-3156
Author(s):  
Supriya Agnihotri ◽  
Gurvirender Singh ◽  
Santosh Kumar Verma
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vitro Techniques ◽  
Percent Inhibition ◽  
Linear Rise

Looking at the increasing prevalence and inadequate treatments for diabetes mellitus, this study was carried to trace out hypoglycemic potentials of Typha elephantina leaves using in vitro and in vivo studies. α -amylase and α-glucosidase in vitro enzyme inhibition assay were incorporated to determine percent inhibition of Typha elephantina extracts. Typha elephantina methanol extract (TEME) at 125µg/ml in both α-amylase and α-glucosidase exhibited 57.48±1.42 and 53.64±0.92 percent inhibition in contrast to 66.7±0.94 and 70.31±1.25 of standard Acarbose, respectively. However, results obtained in Typha elephantina petroleum ether and chloroform extracts were insignificant. Further TEME antidiabetic properties were investigated by in vivo study, using Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Selected 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg doses of TEME were administered orally, which significantly (𝑃 < 0.001) reduces blood glucose of treated animals in contrast to diabetic control. 500mg/kg dose of TEME reduces blood glucose more efficiently. A significant linear rise of body weight and HDL were observed, while there was also remarkable reduction in cholesterol, TG, LDL, VLDL. Reduction in Liver function SGOT, SGPT along with creatinine and urea levels were observed in contrast to diabetic control group. In addition, antioxidant study of Typha elephantina extracts reflected significant results in comparison to that of ascorbic acid in DPPH and H2O2 assay. The whole study signified that Typha elephantina has hypoglycemic potentials.

scholarly journals α-Glucosidase Inhibitory, Anti-Oxidant, and Anti-Hyperglycemic Effects of Euphorbia nivulia–Ham. in STZ-Induced Diabetic Rats

Dose-Response ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 155932582093942
Author(s):  
Muhammad Younus ◽  
Muhammad Mohtasheem ul Hasan ◽  
Khalil Ahmad ◽  
Ali Sharif ◽  
Hafiz Muhammad Asif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

In this study, we aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effects of Euphorbia nivulia (En), native to Cholistan Desert area of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. First, we performed high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and found that this plant contains ferulic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, benzoic acid, polyphenols, and flavonoids. Then, we performed in vitro and in vivo studies to assess its effects on diabetic Wistar rat model. The experiments were performed and compared with control drug glibenclamide. The 70% hydroalcoholic extract of En exhibited 97.8% in vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory effect at a dose of 1.0 mg/mL. We orally administered the extract of En and control drug to the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and analyzed its antidiabetic effects. We found that the extract of En with a dose of 500 mg/kg/body weight exhibited significant effect to reduce blood glucose in STZ-induced rats as compared with the control group ( P < .001). Our histological data also showed that the extract significantly improved the histopathology of pancreas. Collectively, both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that En possesses α-glucosidase inhibitory, antioxidant, and anti-hyperglycemic effect in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

scholarly journals In Vivo and In Vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Terminalia paniculata Bark: An Evaluation of Possible Phytoconstituents and Mechanisms for Blood Glucose Control in Diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subramaniam Ramachandran ◽  
Aiyalu Rajasekaran ◽  
Natarajan Adhirajan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Terminalia Paniculata

The present study was aimed to investigate in vivo, in vitro antidiabetic activity of aqueous extract of Terminalia paniculata bark (AETPB) and characterize its possible phytoconstituents responsible for the actions. Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats by streptozotocin-nicotinamide (65 mg/kg–110 mg/kg; i.p.) administration. Oral treatment of AETPB using rat oral needle at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses significantly () decreased blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels in diabetic rats than diabetic control rats. AETPB-treated diabetic rats body weight, total protein, insulin, and haemoglobin levels were increased significantly () than diabetic control rats. A significant () reduction of total cholesterol and triglycerides and increase in high-density lipoprotein levels were observed in type 2 diabetic rats after AETPB administration. Presence of biomarkers gallic acid, ellagic acid, catechin, and epicatechin in AETPB was confirmed in HPLC analysis. AETPB and gallic acid showed significant () enhancement of glucose uptake action in presence of insulin in muscle cells than vehicle control. Also AETPB inhibited pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. In conclusion, the above actions might be responsible for the antidiabetic activity of AETPB due to presence of gallic acid and other biomarkers.

Modulation of GLUT4 expression by oral administration of Mg2+ to control sugar levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 438-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haniah Solaimani ◽  
Nepton Soltani ◽  
Kianoosh MaleKzadeh ◽  
Shahla Sohrabipour ◽  
Nina Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Magnesium Sulfate ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

It has been previously shown that oral magnesium administration decreases the levels of glucose in the plasma. However, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of GLUT4 on plasma glucose levels by orally administering magnesium sulfate to diabetic rats. Animals were distributed among 4 groups (n = 10 rats per group): one group served as the non-diabetic control, while the other groups had diabetes induced by streptozotocin (intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection). The diabetic rats were either given insulin by i.p. injection (2.5 U·(kg body mass)–1·day–1), or magnesium sulfate in their drinking water (10 g·L–1). After 8 weeks of treatment, we conducted an i.p. glucose tolerance test (IPGTT), measured blood glucose and plasma magnesium levels, and performed in-vitro and in-vivo insulin level measurements by radioimmunoassay. Gastrocnemius (leg) muscles were isolated for the measurement of GLU4 mRNA expression using real-time PCR. Administration of magnesium sulfate improved IPGTT and lowered blood glucose levels almost to the normal range. However, the insulin levels were not changed in either of the in-vitro or in-vivo studies. The expression of GLU4 mRNA increased 23% and 10% in diabetic magnesium-treated and insulin-treated groups, respectively. Our findings suggest that magnesium lowers blood glucose levels via increased GLU4 mRNA expression, independent to insulin secretion.

scholarly journals The Effects of Rosmarinic Acid on Expression of Akt Genes in the Hippocampus of Diabetic Rats and DNA Glycation Inhibition.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameer Alrubaye ◽  
Majid Motovali-Bashi ◽  
Mehran Miroliaei
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Genes Expression

Abstract Non-enzymatic glycation of DNA and the associated effects are among pathogenic factors in diabetes mellitus. Natural polyphenols have anti-diabetic activity. Herein, the protective role of one of the phytochemicals, rosmarinic acid (RA), was evaluated in glycation (with fructose) of human DNA and expression of Akt genes in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. In-vitro studies using fluorescence, agarose gel electrophoresis, fluorescence microscopy, and thermal denaturation analyses revealed that glycation causes DNA damage and that RA inhibits it. In-vivo studies were performed by induction of diabetes in rats using streptozotocin. The diabetic rats were given RA daily through gavage feeding. The expression of Akt genes (inhibitors of apoptosis) in the hippocampus was evaluated using RT-qPCR. In diabetic rats, Akt1 and Akt3 were significantly down-regulated compared to the control group. Treating the diabetic rats with RA returned the expression of Akt1 and Akt3 relatively to the normal condition. Past studies have shown that diabetes induces apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons. Given that glycation changes the genes expression and causes cell death, apoptosis of the hippocampal neurons can be due to the glycation of DNA. The results also suggest that RA has reliable potency against the gross modification of DNA under hyperglycemic conditions.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of metabolites from Clathria procera Ridley extract and Evaluation of its antidiabetic ef-fects in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-56
Author(s):  
Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula ◽  
Haritha Polimati ◽  
GSN Koteswara Rao ◽  
Alekhya Ketha ◽  
Rajendra Prasad Yejella
Keyword(s):  
Islet Cells ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Diabetes mellitus is a lethal metabolic disorder in humankind, which induce chronic complications. The present study investigated the effects of ethyl acetate extract from C. procera (EAE) and its isolates on antioxidant and in vitro antidiabetic activities, along with effects of EAE on plasma blood glucose concentrations in STZ-diabetic rats. For the first time, two known metabolites- N-((2S,3R,E)-1,3-dihydroxyoctadec-4-en-2-yl)stearamide (1) and N-((2S,3R,4E,8E)-1,3-dihydroxyoctadeca-4,8-dien-2-yl)palmitamide (2) are reported from EAE. 1, 2 and EAE depicted significant DPPH, superoxide free radicals, α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory profile, indeed, 1 and 2 showed mild inhibitory profile against aldose reductase. In addition, the EAE (200 mg/kg b.w) revealed significant reduction in plasma glucose, body weight, total cholesterol, total glycerides and LDL levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The HDL levels were markedly augmented in EAE treated diabetic rats, when compared with control group. EAE abolished the increased lipid peroxidation in pancreas, liver and kidneys. The histopathological examination of pancreas of EAE protected the Langerhans islets with the number of islet cells were found statistically significant, when compared to diabetic control pancreas. Our data suggest that the C. procera has a potentiality to act against diabetes (both, in vitro and in vivo models) by inhibiting particularly digestive enzymes namely α-glucosidase and α-amylase, however further studies are required for proper establishment of mechanism of action and validating clinical effects.

scholarly journals Rosmarinic acid inhibits DNA glycation and modulates the expression of Akt1 and Akt3 partially in the hippocampus of diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameer Alrubaye ◽  
Majid Motovali-Bashi ◽  
Mehran Miroliaei
Keyword(s):  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Hippocampal Neurons ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathogenic Factors ◽  
Genes Expression

AbstractNon-enzymatic glycation of DNA and the associated effects are among pathogenic factors in diabetes mellitus. Natural polyphenols have anti-diabetic activity. Herein, the protective role of one of the phytochemicals, rosmarinic acid (RA), was evaluated in glycation (with fructose) of human DNA and expression of Akt genes in the hippocampus of diabetic rats. In-vitro studies using fluorescence, agarose gel electrophoresis, fluorescence microscopy, and thermal denaturation analyses revealed that glycation causes DNA damage and that RA inhibits it. In-vivo studies were performed by induction of diabetes in rats using streptozotocin. The diabetic rats were given RA daily through gavage feeding. The expression of Akt genes (inhibitors of apoptosis) in the hippocampus was evaluated using RT-qPCR. In diabetic rats, Akt1 and Akt3 were significantly down-regulated compared to the control group. Treating the diabetic rats with RA returned the expression of Akt1 and Akt3 relatively to the normal condition. Past studies have shown that diabetes induces apoptosis in the hippocampal neurons. Given that glycation changes the genes expression and causes cell death, apoptosis of the hippocampal neurons can be due to the glycation of DNA. The results also suggest that RA has reliable potency against the gross modification of DNA under hyperglycemic conditions.

scholarly journals Pharmacoinformatics and UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-Based Phytochemical Screening of Combretum indicum against Oxidative Stress and Alloxan-Induced Diabetes in Long–Evans Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4634
Author(s):  
Md. Shaekh Forid ◽  
Md. Atiar Rahman ◽  
Mohd Fadhlizil Fasihi Mohd Aluwi ◽  
Md. Nazim Uddin ◽  
Tapashi Ghosh Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Antidiabetic Effects

This research investigated a UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS-based phytochemical profiling of Combretum indicum leaf extract (CILEx), and explored its in vitro antioxidant and in vivo antidiabetic effects in a Long–Evans rat model. After a one-week intervention, the animals’ blood glucose, lipid profile, and pancreatic architectures were evaluated. UPLC-QTOF/ESI-MS fragmentation of CILEx and its eight docking-guided compounds were further dissected to evaluate their roles using bioinformatics-based network pharmacological tools. Results showed a very promising antioxidative effect of CILEx. Both doses of CILEx were found to significantly (p < 0.05) reduce blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC), and increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Pancreatic tissue architectures were much improved compared to the diabetic control group. A computational approach revealed that schizonepetoside E, melianol, leucodelphinidin, and arbutin were highly suitable for further therapeutic assessment. Arbutin, in a Gene Ontology and PPI network study, evolved as the most prospective constituent for 203 target proteins of 48 KEGG pathways regulating immune modulation and insulin secretion to control diabetes. The fragmentation mechanisms of the compounds are consistent with the obtained effects for CILEx. Results show that the natural compounds from CILEx could exert potential antidiabetic effects through in vivo and computational study.

scholarly journals Effect of Synchronous Versus Sequential Regimens on the Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Regorafenib with Irradiation

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
Tung-Hu Tsai ◽  
Yu-Jen Chen ◽  
Li-Ying Wang ◽  
Chen-Hsi Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Time Curve ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study was performed to evaluate the interaction between conventional or high-dose radiotherapy (RT) and the pharmacokinetics (PK) of regorafenib in concurrent or sequential regimens for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Concurrent and sequential in vitro and in vivo studies of irradiation and regorafenib were designed. The interactions of RT and regorafenib in vitro were examined in the human hepatoma Huh-7, HA22T and Hep G2 cell lines. The RT–PK phenomenon and biodistribution of regorafenib under RT were confirmed in a free-moving rat model. Regorafenib inhibited the viability of Huh-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis in Huh-7 cells was enhanced by RT followed by regorafenib treatment. In the concurrent regimen, RT decreased the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC)regorafenib by 74% (p = 0.001) in the RT2 Gy × 3 fraction (f’x) group and by 69% (p = 0.001) in the RT9 Gy × 3 f’x group. The AUCregorafenib was increased by 182.8% (p = 0.011) in the sequential RT2Gy × 1 f’x group and by 213.2% (p = 0.016) in the sequential RT9Gy × 1 f’x group. Both concurrent regimens, RT2Gy × 3 f’x and RT9Gy × 3 f’x, clearly decreased the biodistribution of regorafenib in the heart, liver, lung, spleen and kidneys, compared to the control (regorafenib × 3 d) group. The concurrent regimens, both RT2Gy × 3 f’x and RT9Gy × 3 f’x, significantly decreased the biodistribution of regorafenib, compared with the control group. The PK of regorafenib can be modulated both by off-target irradiation and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT).

Sequoyitol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in diabetic rats induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 405-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Wei Li ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Wei Hao ◽  
Jie-Ren Yang
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat

Sequoyitol decreases blood glucose, improves glucose intolerance, and enhances insulin signaling in ob/ob mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sequoyitol on diabetic nephropathy in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus and the mechanism of action. Diabetic rats, induced with a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin, and were administered sequoyitol (12.5, 25.0, and 50.0 mg·(kg body mass)−1·d−1) for 6 weeks. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum insulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr) were measured. The expression levels of p22phox, p47phox, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 were measured using immunohistochemisty, real-time PCR, and (or) Western blot. The total antioxidative capacity (T-AOC), as well as the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also determined. The results showed that sequoyitol significantly decreased FBG, BUN, and SCr levels, and increased the insulin levels in diabetic rats. The level of T-AOC was significantly increased, while ROS and MDA levels and the expression of p22phox, p47phox, NF-κB, and TGF-β1 were decreased with sequoyitol treatment both in vivo and in vitro. These results suggested that sequoyitol ameliorates the progression of diabetic nephropathy in rats, as induced by a high-fat diet and a low dose of streptozotocin, through its glucose-lowering effects, antioxidant activity, and regulation of TGF-β1 expression.

Evaluation of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaves activity against experimental trichinellosis: in vitro and in vivo studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. El-Wakil ◽  
H.F. Abdelmaksoud ◽  
T.S. AbouShousha ◽  
M.M.I. Ghallab
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Group I ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Our work aimed to evaluate the possible effect of Annona muricata (Graviola) leaf extract on Trichinella spiralis in in vitro and in vivo studies. Trichinella spiralis worms were isolated from infected mice and transferred to three culture media – group I (with no drugs), group II (contained Graviola) and group III (contained albendazole) – then they were examined using the electron microscope. In the in vivo study, mice were divided into five groups: GI (infected untreated), GII (prophylactically treated with Graviola for seven days before infection), GIII (infected and treated with Graviola), GIV (infected and treated with albendazole) and GV (infected and treated with a combination of Graviola plus albendazole in half doses). Drug effects were assessed by adults and larvae load beside the histopathological small intestinal and muscular changes. A significant reduction of adult and larval counts occurred in treated groups in comparison to the control group. Histopathologically, marked improvement in the small intestinal and muscular changes was observed in treated groups. Also, massive destruction of the cultured adults’ cuticle was detected in both drugs. This study revealed that Graviola leaves have potential activity against trichinellosis, especially in combination with albendazole, and could serve as an adjuvant to anti-trichinellosis drug therapy.

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