Gene-environment interactions at the foraging locus of Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Benmaamar ◽  
◽  
Björn Brembs
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Food Patch ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Larval Behaviour ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Path Lengths

Environmental variability during the development of an organism has known impacts on the expression of certain behavioural patterns. We used the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to investigate how different environmental conditions interact with the allelic variants of rover (forR) and sitter (fors) at the foraging locus to affect food-related behaviour of larvae. We discovered that larval density and nutrient availability were key environmental factors affecting the larval behaviour during early development. High larval density decreased the tendency of rovers to leave a food patch and reduced their travelled path lengths, such that rovers and sitters showed no more significant differences regarding their behaviour. Similar results were obtained when starving the larvae. Furthermore, cutting the availability only of specific nutrients such as sugar, fat or protein during development all affected larval foraging behaviour and locomotion.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of factors affecting seasonality in bipolar disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pankaj Kumar Mittal ◽  
Shubham Mehta ◽  
Ram Kumar Solanki ◽  
Mukesh Kumar Swami ◽  
Parth Singh Meena
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

<p><strong>Background.</strong> Researchers have evinced interest in the effect of seasonal variations on mood and behavioural patterns in affective disorders. </p><p><strong>Objective. </strong>To study seasonality in bipolar disorder (BD) patients and also the factors affecting this seasonality. </p><p><strong>Method. </strong>Forty-nine patients with BD in euthymic phase were recruited and analysed using<strong> </strong>the<strong> </strong>Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire. </p><p><strong>Results. </strong>Most of the patients were morning types but chronotype had no influence on seasonality. Age of patient and number of episodes were the most important factors affecting seasonality in BD. </p><p><strong>Conclusion. </strong>Seasonality and its influencing factors must be considered while managing bipolar disorder.</p>

Pollination of the Rain-Forest Tree Syzygium Tierneyanum (Myrtaceae) at Kuranda, Northern Queensland

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Hopper
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
The Self ◽  
Spatial Partitioning ◽  
Mass Flowering ◽  
Foraging Modes ◽  
Flowering Branch ◽  
Floral Visitors

The identity, abundance and foraging behaviour of pollinators of the self-compatible, mass-flowering Syzygium tierneyanum were investigated. Forty-five species of nectarivorous animals were recorded. Diurnal visitors included seven bird; nine butterfly. four moth (including two hawkmoth), two bee, two ant, one wasp, three blowfly, one fruit fly, two beetle and one weevil species. while nocturnal visitors included one bat and 12 moth (including three hawkmoth) species. Floral dimensions were such that only the vertebrate and larger insect species regularly contacted anthers and stigmas while foraging. Of these groups the feral honey bee (Apis mellifera) was the most common flowet visitor. Honeyeaters and hawkmoths appeared to be the most important native pollinators; they were abundant in the study area and visited numerous flowers (50-250) in quick succession (1-3 s per flower) on each foraging bout. The only major differences in foraging times observed in the pollinator array were between diurnal, diurnal and crepuscular, and nocturnal floral visitors. Spatial partitioning of the nectar resource was limited to one instance of territoriality involving a Macleay's honeyeater (Meliphaga rnacleayana) on a densely flowering branch prior to peak blooming time, occasional aggressive chases by honeyeaters, and a division of foraging modes into rapid, erratic flights of 0.5– 4 m between flowers (hawkmoths) as against nearest-flower movements (all other groups). This lack of major spatial partitioning may have been due to the mass flowering of S. tierneyanum and the resultant superabundance of nectar. The vast majority (c. 99.95%) of interflower movements observed in foraging bouts of birds (and of hawkmoths) were within the same plant. This suggests that most seeds of S. tierneyanum may be derived from self-pollination.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Influence of Larval Density on Disease Transmission Indices in Culex quinquefasciatus, the Major African Vector of Filariasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954331985602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azubuike Christian Ukubuiwe ◽  
Chioma Cynthia Ojianwuna ◽  
Israel Kayode Olayemi ◽  
Francis Ofurum Arimoro ◽  
Innocent Chukwuemeka James Omalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Adult Fitness ◽  
Larval Crowding

Larval crowding is one of the abiotic factors affecting biological fitness in mosquitoes. This study aims at elucidating, quantitatively, the influence of more larval crowding on aspects of fitness in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito. To this end, day-old larvae of the species were reared in 4 density regimens equivalent to 1 larva in 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 10 mL of distilled water. Developmental indices, adult fitness indices, and accumulation and utilisation of teneral reserves for metamorphosis were determined at these density regimens. The results revealed varying significant negative effects of larval density on all fitness indices measured for the species. The study also revealed high utilisation of teneral reserves for metamorphosis at high larval densities. The information generated will be useful in making informed-decisions in allocating scare resources for vector control, although field trials are advocated to establish these laboratory findings.

Oriental Fruit Fly: Factors Affecting Ethylene Dibromide Fumigation of Infested Papayas12

1979 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Seo ◽  
O. L. Chambers ◽  
E. K. Akamine ◽  
E. J. Harris ◽  
C. Y. L. Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Oriental Fruit Fly ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Commensal microbiota modulates larval foraging behaviour, development rate and pupal production in Bactrocera tryoni

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Morimoto ◽  
Binh Nguyen ◽  
Shabnam T. Tabrizi ◽  
Ida Lundbäck ◽  
Phillip W. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Bactrocera Tryoni ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Horizontal Acquisition ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

Abstract Backround Commensal microbes can promote survival and growth of developing insects, and have important fitness implications in adulthood. Insect larvae can acquire commensal microbes through two main routes: by vertical acquisition from maternal deposition of microbes on the eggshells and by horizontal acquisition from the environment where the larvae develop. To date, however, little is known about how microbes acquired through these different routes interact to shape insect development. In the present study, we investigated how vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota influence larval foraging behaviour, development time to pupation and pupal production in the Queensland fruit fly (‘Qfly’), Bactrocera tryoni. Results Both vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota were required to maximise pupal production in Qfly. Moreover, larvae exposed to both vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota pupated sooner than those exposed to no microbiota, or only to horizontally acquired microbiota. Larval foraging behaviour was also influenced by both vertically and horizontally acquired microbiota. Larvae from treatments exposed to neither vertically nor horizontally acquired microbiota spent more time overall on foraging patches than did larvae of other treatments, and most notably had greater preference for diets with extreme protein or sugar compositions. Conclusion The integrity of the microbiota early in life is important for larval foraging behaviour, development time to pupation, and pupal production in Qflies. These findings highlight the complexity of microbial relations in this species, and provide insights to the importance of exposure to microbial communities during laboratory- or mass-rearing of tephritid fruit flies.

scholarly journals Diversity of entomopathogenic fungi associated with Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)) in Moroccan Argan forests and nearby area: impact of soil factors on their distribution

BMC Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayoub Hallouti ◽  
Mohamed Ait Hamza ◽  
Abdelaziz Zahidi ◽  
Rachid Ait Hammou ◽  
Rachid Bouharroud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Factors Affecting

Abstract Background Studying the ecology of biocontrol-agents is a prerequisite to effectively control medfly (Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)) with entomopathogenic fungi. In this context, factors affecting the occurrence and distribution of medfly-associated entomopathogenic-fungi were studied. Soil samples (22) were collected from natural and cultivated areas of Souss-region Morocco. Results A total of 260 fungal isolates belonging to 22 species and 10 genera were obtained by using medfly pupae as bait. Medfly-associated fungi were detected in all studied soils and pupae infection percentages ranged from 3.33% to 48%. Two genera, Fusarium and Beauveria were the most frequent with 83 isolates (32%) and 50 isolates (19.23%) respectively. Pathogenicity test of isolated species against medfly pupae showed high mortality rates up to 91% for some strains. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated a strong influence of origin, physical, and chemical properties of soil on the abundance of these fungi. In general, medfly-associated fungi were more abundant in soils with moderate pH (7.5 to 8) having high sand and organic content. High relative humidity negatively influenced the abundance of these fungi. Both factors directly affected the fungal infection percentages in pupae. The response of fungi to these parameters varied among species. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the soils of argan fields and forests were more suitable for the development of medfly-associated fungi than citrus orchards. Conclusions These results guide identifying suitable soils for the effective application of entomopathogenic fungi as biological control agents. In summary, isolated indigenous strains seem to be a promising option to control C. capitata.

scholarly journals Ecological Factors Affecting the Foraging Behaviour ofXerus rutilus

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin G. Fanson ◽  
Kerry V. Fanson ◽  
Joel S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Foraging Behaviour ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting

scholarly journals Developing Baltic cod recruitment models. II. Incorporation of environmental variability and species interaction

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich W Köster ◽  
Hans-Harald Hinrichsen ◽  
Michael A St. John ◽  
Dietrich Schnack ◽  
Brian R MacKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Larval Transport ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Spawning Sites ◽  
Baltic Cod

We investigate whether a process-oriented approach based on the results of field, laboratory, and modelling studies can be used to develop a stock–environment–recruitment model for Central Baltic cod (Gadus morhua). Based on exploratory statistical analysis, significant variables influencing survival of early life stages and varying systematically among spawning sites were incorporated into stock–recruitment models, first for major cod spawning sites and then combined for the entire Central Baltic. Variables identified included potential egg production by the spawning stock, abiotic conditions affecting survival of eggs, predation by clupeids on eggs, larval transport, and cannibalism. Results showed that recruitment in the most important spawning area, the Bornholm Basin, during 1976–1995 was related to egg production; however, other factors affecting survival of the eggs (oxygen conditions, predation) were also significant and when incorporated explained 69% of the variation in 0-group recruitment. In other spawning areas, variable hydrographic conditions did not allow for regular successful egg development. Hence, relatively simple models proved sufficient to predict recruitment of 0-group cod in these areas, suggesting that key biotic and abiotic processes can be successfully incorporated into recruitment models.

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