Effect of Millet Stalks and Shea Nut Shells on Biogas Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Cosmos Moki Elinge ◽  
Ayodeji Rapheal Ige ◽  
Morenike O. Adesina ◽  
Harrison Ogala ◽  
Lawal Gusau Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Anaerobic Condition ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Good Material ◽  
Before And After

Biogas production undergoes decomposition of organic compounds under anaerobic condition. This present work investigated the yield of biogas production from Shea nut shell and millet stalk and their blends with sheep dung. It was revealed that sheep dung (control) had the highest yield with an average production of 187.8 ml of gas for 102 days followed by sheanut shell - sheep dung blends which had 123.3 ml of gas for 102 days. Millet stalk - sheep dung blends recorded 75.9 ml of gas for 79 days. Shea nut shell and millet stalk presented 31.5 ml of gas for 81 days and 7.1 ml of gas for 48 days respectively while the pH for production ranged from 10.1 to 4.6. The moisture contents recorded for millet stalk, Shea nut shell and sheep dung before and after production were 40%, 45%, 65% and 80%, 65%, 85 respectively, and also the recorded ash contents before and after production were, 35%, 45%, 40% and 85%, 75%, 65%, respectively. It was observed that the blending of Shea nut shell and sheep dung greatly improves biogas yield while Millet stalks alone are good material for biogas production at a reasonable pH and moisture content values.

scholarly journals Effect of co-digestion of food waste and cow dung on biogas yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Makhura Emmanuel Pax ◽  
Edison Muzenda ◽  
Tumeletso Lekgoba
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Total Solids ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Thermophilic Conditions

This paper aims at finding the effect of co-digestion of cow dung and food waste on total biogas yield. Biogas production was improved through co-digestion of cow dung and food waste (FW) containing a small fraction of inoculum under mesophilic temperature (37ºC) over a retention time of 24 days. Co-digestion ratios of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 for cowdung/foodwaste were used for the study on anaerobic digestion on the co digested matter. Tests were carried out starting with the preparation of substrates, substrate characterization to determine the moisture content (MC), total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS) and ultimately batch anaerobic digestion experiments under thermophilic conditions (370C). The moisture content, volatile solids and total solids for food waste were 78, 22 and 90.7% respectively while the characteristics for cow dung were 67.2, 32.8 and 96.0 % respectively. From the study, a mixing ratio of cow dung: food waste of 1:2 was found to be the optimum substrate mixture for biogas production at 25595.7 Nml. The accumulated gas volumes of 18756.6, 14042.5, 13940.8 and 13839.1 Nml were recorded for cow dung: food waste ratios of 2:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 3:1 respectively. For a co-digestion containing more of the food waste than cow dung, a higher volume of biogas is produce.

scholarly journals Phycoremediation and Biogas Production Potential of Chlorella Vulgaris Grown in Secondarily Treated Wastewater

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1939-1945
Keyword(s):  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Complex Compounds ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Open Raceway Pond ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pre Treatment

Present study aims at exploring parallel nutrient removal from secondarily treated wastewater and biogas production potential of Chlorella vulgaris. The observed growth rate (per day) and doubling time (days) of C. vulgaris was 0.36 and 0.44, respectively. C. vulgaris has removed 31 % COD, 40 % PO4 -P , 36 % NH4 -N and 38 % TKN from secondarily treated wastewater using open raceway pond. The biomass was analyzed for proteins, carbohydrates, Lipids, fibres, TS and VS. The optimum loading rate for maximum biogas yield was found to be 2 g VS/L. Effect of various pre-treatment methods (thermal, chemical, sonication and thermo-chemical) has also been studied. The biomass and biomass extract (before and after pre-treatments) were also analyzed for solubilization of complex compounds. Thermally pre-treated biomass has increased biogas production by 60 % (480 mL/g VS) relative to untreated biomass (350 mL/g VS). This study has successfully demonstrated that microalgal cultivation in wastewater can be easily adopted in currently available wastewater treatment plants without any major modifications of existing available infrastructure

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON METHANE OUTPUT FROM BOG SLUDGE AND CRUSHED REED RAW MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 191-194
Author(s):  
Sergejs Osipovs ◽  
Aleksandrs Pučkins ◽  
Mihails Pupiņš ◽  
Jeļena Kirilova ◽  
Juris Soms
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methane Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On

The research summarizes information on biochemical processes of biogas production and the parameters that affect the results of its production. The research examines the result of obtaining biogas from bog sludge and a mixture of crushed reed. Particular attention is given to temperature, as a parameter that affects the results of methane and biogas production.The yield of biogas and methane during the bioprocess depends on the effect of temperature. During the experiment, 2.78 L of biogas with an average methane content of 38.7% was obtained from a mixture of bog sludge and crushed reeds. If the content of organic compounds in the sludge was higher, the biogas yield would increase during the process. It is more advantageous to use the raw material mixture for biogas production. 

scholarly journals Biogas Production Using Slaughterhouse Wastewater Co-digested with Domestic Sludge

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah S.B. Dababat ◽  
Hafez Q. Shaheen
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Batch Bioreactors

  The paper investigates producing biogas using Co-digestion of slaughterhouse wastewater (SHW) with primary sludge (PS). Lab experiments were executed at mesophilic condition (35±2°C). Two experiments were performed; the first in a 2000 ml vessel and the second in 600 ml serum bottles, both to mimic batch bioreactors. Among others, acidity (pH), alkalinity (ALK), and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured before and after the digestion process. The daily biogas and methane production were also measured. The experiments showed that Co-digestion achieved maximum biogas yield at 499.8 Nml Biogas/g VS fed. The biogas yield for PS and SHW were 411.5 Nml biogas /g VS fed and 433.8 Nml biogas /g VS fed respectively. CH4 yield from the Co-digestion was the highest compared to digest SHW separately. This proves the occurrence of inhibition in methanogenesis activity. The VFA final concentration was higher than the initial concentration for digest SHW.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation into Compressive Behaviour and Preconsolidation Pressure of Structured Loess at Different Moisture Contents

Geofluids ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Yali Xu ◽  
Panpan Guo ◽  
Chengwei Zhu ◽  
Gang Lei ◽  
Kang Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Structural Strength ◽  
Loess Soil ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Compressive Behaviour ◽  
Preconsolidation Pressure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Oedometer Tests

This paper investigates the influence of the structured property of loess on its compressive behaviour and proposes a new method for determining the preconsolidation pressure of structured loess soil. A series of oedometer tests were carried out on undisturbed and remoulded loess samples prepared at various moisture contents. The effects of moisture content on the structured yield stress, the preconsolidation pressure, and the structural strength were also captured. It was found that the influence of the structured property of loess on the compression behaviour is divergent between undisturbed and remoulded loess samples. The discrepancy before and after structural yielding is more remarkable for the undisturbed soil. The Casagrande method realized through the MATLAB program can effectively eliminate human factors and accurately calculate the corresponding preconsolidation pressure for undisturbed soil. The effects of moisture content on the method for determining the preconsolidation pressure considering the structured property of loess were discussed. The determination method can accurately evaluate the loess consolidation state in loess regions. The influencing rules which the moisture content exerts on the structured yield stress, the preconsolidation pressure, and the structural strength all conform to exponential functions. The study is of great significance to correctly differentiating the foundation consolidation states and calculating the ground settlement in loess regions.

The Smoulder Stream of Cigarettes / Zur Kenntnis des Glimmstromes von Cigaretten

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Seehofer ◽  
W. Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Spatial Position ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Cigarette Paper ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe phenomenon of the smoulder stream flowing through the cigarette during smouldering and during the puff intervals is demonstrated for the first time and its dependence upon physical conditions is examined. The volume of the smoulder stream can amount up to 180 ml per cigarette. Increasing draw resistance of the cigarette and augmenting moisture content of the tobacco as well as perforation of the cigarette paper have a decreasing effect on volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The porosity of the cigarette paper has no perceptible influence. The spatial position of the cigarette affects volume and velocity of the smoulder stream. The influence exercised by the smoulder stream on the yields of total condensate, nicotine, phenols, aldehydes, and acroleine when the cigarette tip is open during the puff intervals is determined. When the moisture contents of the tobacco were extremely high, yield decreases reaching 50 % could be observed.

scholarly journals Species and characteristics of volatile organic compounds emitted from an auto-repair painting workshop

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Song ◽  
H. Chun
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Butyl Acetate ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Voc Emissions ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adsorption Systems

AbstractVolatile organic compounds (VOCs) are secondary pollutant precursors having adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Although VOC emissions, their sources, and impacts have been investigated, the focus has been on large-scale industrial sources or indoor environments; studies on relatively small-scale enterprises (e.g., auto-repair workshops) are lacking. Here, we performed field VOC measurements for an auto-repair painting facility in Korea and analyzed the characteristics of VOCs emitted from the main painting workshop (top coat). The total VOC concentration was 5069–8058 ppb, and 24–35 species were detected. The VOCs were mainly identified as butyl acetate, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene compounds. VOC characteristics differed depending on the paint type. Butyl acetate had the highest concentration in both water- and oil-based paints; however, its concentration and proportion were higher in the former (3256 ppb, 65.5%) than in the latter (2449 ppb, 31.1%). Comparing VOC concentration before and after passing through adsorption systems, concentrations of most VOCs were lower at the outlets than the inlets of the adsorption systems, but were found to be high at the outlets in some workshops. These results provide a theoretical basis for developing effective VOC control systems and managing VOC emissions from auto-repair painting workshops.

scholarly journals Effect of wood biomass components on self-heating

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nozomi Miyawaki ◽  
Takashi Fukushima ◽  
Takafumi Mizuno ◽  
Miyao Inoue ◽  
Kenji Takisawa
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Spontaneous Ignition ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Before And After

AbstractBiomass may ignite due to biological oxidation and chemical oxidation. If this phenomenon (spontaneous ignition) is controlled, it would be possible to produce biochar at a lower cost without the need for an external heat resource. We investigated if self-heating could be controlled by using sawdust and bark chips. When sawdust and bark chips were used under controlled conditions, the bark chips temperature increased to the torrefaction temperature. The ash content of bark chips was ~ 2%d.b. higher than that of sawdust; consequently, the inorganic substances contained in the bark chips might affect the self-heating. Self-heating was suppressed when inorganic substances were removed by washing with water. Therefore, the inorganic substances in the biomass might have affected self-heating. The inorganic element contents of the bark chips were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry before and after washing. The potassium content of the bark chips was reduced remarkably by washing, and there was a possible influence of potassium on self-heating. Finally, the effect of moisture content on self-heating was investigated to obtain stable reactivity. Thus, at a moisture content of 40%w.b., a steady self-heating behavior may be realized.

scholarly journals Biogas potential of organic waste onboard cruise ships — a yet untapped energy source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Schumüller ◽  
Dirk Weichgrebe ◽  
Stephan Köster
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Detailed Presentation

AbstractTo tap the organic waste generated onboard cruise ships is a very promising approach to reduce their adverse impact on the maritime environment. Biogas produced by means of onboard anaerobic digestion offers a complementary energy source for ships’ operation. This report comprises a detailed presentation of the results gained from comprehensive investigations on the gas yield from onboard substrates such as food waste, sewage sludge and screening solids. Each person onboard generates a total average of about 9 kg of organic waste per day. The performed analyses of substrates and anaerobic digestion tests revealed an accumulated methane yield of around 159 L per person per day. The anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste (50:50 VS) emerged as particularly effective and led to an increased biogas yield by 24%, compared to the mono-fermentation. In the best case, onboard biogas production can provide an energetic output of 82 W/P, on average covering 3.3 to 4.1% of the total energy demand of a cruise ship.

Developing a Linearization Method to Determine Optimum Blending for Surimi with Varied Moisture Contents Using Linear Programming

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon W. Park ◽  
Jae W. Park ◽  
Won B. Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Linearization Method ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Critical Moisture

AbstractNovel algorithm to determine the least cost formulation of a surimi blend was developed using linear programming (LP). Texture properties and the unit cost of surimi blend at the target moisture content were used as constraint functions and the objective function, respectively. The mathematical models to describe the moisture content dependence of the ring tensile properties were developed using critical moisture content, and the model parameters were used for the least cost LP (LCLP) model. The LCLP model successfully predicted the quality of surimi blend. Sensitivity analysis was used to obtain an additional information when the perturbations of design variables are provided. A standard procedure to determine the least cost formulation for blending surimi with varied moisture contents was systematically developed.

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