scholarly journals THE GENRE OF RIDDLE IN FOLKLORE OF THE TUVANS OF RUSSIA, CHINA, AND MONGOLIA

2022 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Ж. М. Юша
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Orientation Structure

В статье в сравнительно - сопоставительном плане анализируются загадки тувинцев Китая, России и Монголии, рассматриваются их общие и отличительные особенности. Семантическая наполненность жанра загадки в анклавных традициях тувинского фольклора, а также их прагматика соответствуют идентичным жанрам материнской традиции. Совпадают их общая идейно - тематическая направленность, структура и содержание. В большинстве случаев тувинские загадки сохраняют устойчивую форму, но в то же время в зарубежных традициях отмечаются черты этнолокальной специфики, «вибрирование» фольклорных текстов в рамках общетувинской традиции на уровне лексики. The article analyzes the riddles of Tuvans of China, Russia, and Mongolia in a comparative way, and examines their common and distinctive features. The semantic content of the riddle genre in the enclave traditions of Tuvan folklore, as well as their pragmatics, correspond to the identical genres of the mother tradition. Their General ideological and thematic orientation, structure and content coincide. In most cases, Tuvan riddles retain a stable form, but at the same time, foreign traditions show features of ethnolocal specificity, "vibration" of folklore texts within the framework of the General Tuvan tradition at the level of vocabulary.

The semantics of nouns

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengdao Ye
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Conceptual Structure ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Cross Domain ◽  
Meaning Representation ◽  
Meaning Analysis

This introductory chapter explains the distinctive features which give the volume its coherence and uniqueness in the studies of the semantics of nouns. It explains the rationale of the volume, the importance of adopting a cross-linguistic and cross-domain perspective, and the unified framework which the contributors use for meaning analysis and meaning representation. In particular, it introduces the Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) methodology, its approach to the studies of semantic content and the conceptual structure of concrete vocabulary over the last four decades, and its latest methodological developments, such as semantic molecules and semantic templates. The introduction also provides an overview of each chapter in the volume.

scholarly journals Packaging-Competent Capsids of a Herpes Simplex Virus Temperature-Sensitive Mutant Have Properties Similar to Those of In Vitro-Assembled Procapsids

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 5714-5721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frazer J. Rixon ◽  
David McNab
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Simplex Virus ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
Scaffolding Protein ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Simplex Virus

ABSTRACT Newcomb and coworkers (W. W. Newcomb, F. L. Homa, D. R. Thomsen, F. P. Booy, B. L. Trus, A. C. Steven, J. V. Spencer, and J. C. Brown, J. Mol. Biol. 263:432–446, 1996; W. W. Newcomb, F. L. Homa, D. R. Thomsen, Z. Ye, and J. C. Brown, J. Virol. 68:6059–6063, 1994) have recently described an in vitro herpes simplex virus (HSV) capsid assembly product which, because of certain parallels between its properties and those of bacteriophage proheads, they have designated the procapsid. As in their bacteriophage counterparts, there are marked differences between the structures of the two types of particle, and conversion from the procapsid to the capsid form requires extensive reconfiguration of the subunits. This reconfiguration occurs spontaneously upon extended in vitro incubation. One of the distinctive features of the HSV procapsids is that, unlike mature capsids, they are unstable and disassemble upon storage at 2°C. Using a mutant of HSV type 1 (ts1201), which has a lesion in the protease responsible for maturational cleavage of the scaffolding protein, we have demonstrated that capsids present within cells infected at nonpermissive temperatures are also cryosensitive and disappear if the cells are incubated at 0°C. This suggests that ts1201 capsids may resemble procapsids in structure. However,ts1201 capsids remain cryosensitive following extended incubation at an elevated temperature and, therefore, do not appear to undergo the spontaneous reconfiguration seen with in vitro-assembled procapsids. The lesion in ts1201 is reversible, and capsids formed at the nonpermissive temperature can undergo maturational cleavage and go on to form infectious virions following downshift to permissive temperatures. The sensitivity of ts1201 capsids to low temperatures is closely correlated with the cleavage status of the scaffolding protein, suggesting that proteolysis may act to trigger their conversion to the stable form. The experiments described here provide the firmest evidence yet that the procapsid has a biologically relevant role in the virus life cycle.

scholarly journals Definiteness strategies and word order in existential-locatives and locatives in Late and Vulgar Latin

Linguistica ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
Concepción Cabrillana
Keyword(s):  
Word Order ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Profound Change ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Semantic Notion ◽  
Fixed Order ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
The Relationship

§ 1.The parameters which began to undergo a profound change in Late Latin include the marking  of definiteness  and the gradual fixation of a different word  order.1  These two phenomena  are brought  into connection by M.. Durante's observation  (1981, 62) that article development2 is one of the main agents involved3 in the emergence of a fixed order of constituents. § 2. The two parameters are still subject to investigation. The discussion of definite­ ness markers focuses on how and when precisely the article appeared, but it has yielded contradictory conclusions: while some scholars acknowledge the existence of articles in Late and Vulgar Latin texts, such as Egeria's Peregrinatio,4 others deny it.5 Inaddition, there are some less extreme views arguing for an intermediate stage in the long evolution from demonstratives to articles in Late Latin texts.6The research on word order, especially in Late Latin, frequently focuses on the posi­ tion of the elements considered basic in the language;7 thus, generally speaking, almost everyone is agreed on the SOV > SV08 change, although an alternation of the two orders can be established for the Classical as well as for the Late period ([S]OV/[S]V0).9 § 3. With regard to Late and Vulgar Latin, however, there are only a few specialised papers dealing with potential historical changes in the position of the verbs which present special difficulties in the language, not only with their complex semantic content but also with their ability to form multiple constructions. 10 This is the case with the verb sum in structures expressing a semantic notion of location. The relationship between word order and definiteness in these structures has been examined by scholars attemptinging to explain the difference between the so-called 'locative' constructions (Loe) and 'existential-locatives' (ExL), 11 both containing the verb sum: while the former typically front the location-encoding term (p)with a definite subject, the latter display the opposite distinctive features (a S[-Def]12 appearing in the pS sequence).13

scholarly journals Modelling Associative-Semantic Content as Regards the Logic-of-Semantics Dimension of the Adolescents’ Speech

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 324-341
Author(s):  
Наталя Токарева
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Semantic Field ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Semantic Organization ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
General Contour

Objective. The article deals with the analysis of the trends in the logic of the semantic organization of the speech and mental activity of adolescents as regards the dimension of the available semantic environment and that of the speech competences of an individual. It is stated that information about the world is systematized by human consciousness in the form of an associative-verbal field, whose producing and modelling is one of the ways of representing the speech competence of an individual shaping his/her destiny. Materials & Methods. In view of the above, an empirical research of the distinctive features of expanding semantic content of the adolescents' speech consciousness as regards the dimension of the logic-of-semantics organization of the mental and speech activity was performed using the diagnostic potential of a free associative experiment. A system of relevant ways of construction and associative expansion of meanings in the semantic field of the speech consciousness of adolescents was chosen as the subject of the research. Results. Drawing on the results of the frequency analysis of the use of typical associative patterns for organizing the semantic field of speech, it was stated that the most represented among adolescents is a semantic way of reasoning based on the identification signs of the general contour of the trigger word at the level of its meaning. It was proved that the greatest changes in the logic of expanding associative semantic content are observed among older adolescents, which is interpreted as the result of fundamental changes in the strategies for cognitive processing of information flows. Conclusions. A conclusion was drawn about the stable tendency towards the standardization and unification of speech in adolescents during their transition to adulthood, and the reduction in the heuristic resource of the intellectual activity of older adolescent pupils was noted. In this context, the purposeful formation of speech and mental competences of an individual, the acquisition by adolescents of efficient methods of the logic-of-semantics organization of the associative semantic content of speech is defined as a necessary prerequisite for the personality development, as well as that for the speech and mental development of an individual.

scholarly journals COMPATIBILITY AS A MEANS OF DETERMINING LEXICAL MEANING OF DIALECT WORDS: BASED ON THE POLYSEMANTIC ADJECTIVE "PARNOI" IN THE DIALECTS OF OLD BELIEVERS OF THE AMUR REGION

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Nina G. Arkhipova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Content ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Language System ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Born Baby

The problem of differentiating all-Russian and dialect vocabulary, the latter being based on all-Russian one, is traditionally one of the most discussed in dialect studies and dialect lexicography. In the dialects of Old Believers of the Amur region there is a large group of adjectives possessing structural and semantic characteristics different from the corresponding ones of the words of the literary language. Lexical-semantic content of dialect adjectives determined by the nature of their compatibility with the noun and synonymy, antonymy, hypo/hypernymy etc relations within the language system, reveals their distinctive features. Distinctive function of compatibility is largely performed while differentiating between lexical-semantic variants of all-Russian and dialect adjectives. The results of the study of a polysemic adjective parnoi indicate its special lexicographic status characterized by limited use in the literary language and wider compatibility in dialects, besides it did not appear in early Russian manuscripts. In addition to traditional meanings of ‘fresh’, ‘humid, hot, stuffy’, ‘melted’, the adjective parnoi demonstrated unexpected meanings determined by the following compatibility: parnoi rebjonok (newly-born baby) and parnaja rodilnitsa (a woman who has just given birth to a child). The obtained results have certain implication for illustrating word meanings in dictionaries more adequately.

Structural Organization and Distribution of Fiber Types in Extraocular Muscles of Cats

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Asish C. Nag ◽  
Lee D. Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Superior Rectus ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Orbital Region

Cat extraocular muscles consist of two regions: orbital, and global. The orbital region contains predominantly small diameter fibers, while the global region contains a variety of fibers of different diameters. The differences in ultrastructural features among these muscle fibers indicate that the extraocular muscles of cats contain at least five structurally distinguishable types of fibers.Superior rectus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy, mapping the distribution of each fiber type with its distinctive features. A mixture of 4% paraformaldehyde and 4% glutaraldehyde was perfused through the carotid arteries of anesthetized adult cats and applied locally to exposed superior rectus muscles during the perfusion.

Phase behavior of cationic and anionic surfactants at low concentrations

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 694-695
Author(s):  
E. Naranjo
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Intermolecular Forces ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Cationic And Anionic Surfactants ◽  
General Method

Equilibrium vesicles, those which are the stable form of aggregation and form spontaneously on mixing surfactant with water, have never been demonstrated in single component bilayers and only rarely in lipid or surfactant mixtures. Designing a simple and general method for producing spontaneous and stable vesicles depends on a better understanding of the thermodynamics of aggregation, the interplay of intermolecular forces in surfactants, and an efficient way of doing structural characterization in dynamic systems.

A Longitudinal Posthumous Study of Letter Writing in a Late Elderly Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33
Author(s):  
Angel Ball ◽  
Jean Neils-Strunjas ◽  
Kate Krival
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Elderly Woman ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Letter Writing ◽  
Linguistic Performance ◽  
Errors Analysis ◽  
Normal Status

This study is a posthumous longitudinal study of consecutive letters written by an elderly woman from age 89 to 93. Findings reveal a consistent linguistic performance during the first 3 years, supporting “normal” status for late elderly writing. She produced clearly written cursive form, intact semantic content, and minimal spelling and stroke errors. A decline in writing was observed in the last 6–9 months of the study and an analysis revealed production of clausal fragmentation, decreasing semantic clarity, and a higher frequency of spelling, semantic, and stroke errors. Analysis of writing samples can be a valuable tool in documenting a change in cognitive status differentiated from normal late aging.

A Developmental Study of Intonation Recognition

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn M. Corlew
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Multiple Choice Test ◽  
The Third ◽  
Matching Test ◽  
Better Than

Two experiments investigated the information conveyed by intonation from speaker to listener. A multiple-choice test was devised to test the ability of 48 adults to recognize and label intonation when it was separated from all other meaning. Nine intonation contours whose labels were most agreed upon by adults were each matched with two English sentences (one with appropriate and one with inappropriate intonation and semantic content) to make a matching-test for children. The matching-test was tape-recorded and given to children in the first, third, and fifth grades (32 subjects in each grade). The first-grade children matched the intonations with significantly greater agreement than chance; but they agreed upon significantly fewer sentences than either the third or fifth graders. Some intonation contours were matched with significantly greater frequency than others. The performance of the girls was better than that of the boys on an impatient question and a simple command which indicates that there was a significant interaction between sex and intonation.

Semantic Conflict Processing in the Color-Word Stroop and the Emotional Stroop

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Zurrón ◽  
Marta Ramos-Goicoa ◽  
Fernando Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Color Word ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Semantic Equivalence ◽  
Incongruent Color ◽  
Semantic Conflict ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Temporal Locus

With the aim of establishing the temporal locus of the semantic conflict in color-word Stroop and emotional Stroop phenomena, we analyzed the Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) elicited by nonwords, incongruent and congruent color words, colored words with positive and negative emotional valence, and colored words with neutral valence. The incongruent, positive, negative, and neutral stimuli produced interference in the behavioral response to the color of the stimuli. The P150/N170 amplitude was sensitive to the semantic equivalence of both dimensions of the congruent color words. The P3b amplitude was smaller in response to incongruent color words and to positive, negative, and neutral colored words than in response to the congruent color words and colored nonwords. There were no differences in the ERPs induced in response to colored words with positive, negative, and neutral valence. Therefore, the P3b amplitude was sensitive to interference from the semantic content of the incongruent, positive, negative, and neutral words in the color-response task, independently of the emotional content of the colored words. In addition, the P3b amplitude was smaller in response to colored words with positive, negative, and neutral valence than in response to the incongruent color words. Overall, these data indicate that the temporal locus of the semantic conflict generated by the incongruent color words (in the color-word Stroop task) and by colored words with positive, negative, and neutral valence (in the emotional Stroop task) appears to occur in the range 300–450 ms post-stimulus.

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