Russian and foreign sociological longitudinal studies of educational and professional trajectories of youth

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
М.А. Курганов
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Educational Trajectories

В статье представлен аналитический обзор современных социологических лонгитюдных исследований образовательных траекторий молодeжи, которые проводятся в России, США и странах Европейского союза. Сравниваются цели, задачи, характеристики выборок исследований. Рассматриваются методологические особенности изучения траекторий молодых людей в образовательных системах и на рынке труда. Затрагиваются основные аспекты исследований образовательных траекторий и карьерных путей, находящиеся в фокусе внимания социологов: гендерные, этнические, социально-экономические и психологические. Приводятся выводы, полученные в ходе проведeнного исследования. Его результатом стало понимание, что западные и отечественные лонгитюдные исследования образовательных траекторий сходятся в том, что социальное положение, материальное благополучие, а также «образовательный опыт» родителей или же других членов семьи, оказывают большое влияние на принятие решений молодыми людьми относительно их дальнейшей образовательной и профессиональной карьеры. В контексте разных стран и планов исследований — описания образовательных траекторий студентов, прогнозного определения лиц, выбирающих тот или иной путь карьерного роста, последовательной реконструкции траекторий — было обнаружено, что малоресурсные группы в высшем образовании, такие как студенты из неблагополучных семей, следуют менее линейным и менее плавным траекториям в сфере высшего образования. Российские исследования отличает то, что они рассматривают и изучают образовательные и профессиональные траектории в тесной связке друг с другом, а также фокусируются на проблеме взаимосвязи между социально-экономическими факторами и индивидуальным выбором. Вместе с тем ощущается недостаток комплексного изучения нематериальных и некогнитивных факторов, влияющих на принятие решений в ответственный момент перехода к профессиональному образованию или же из системы образования на рынок труда. The article presents an analytical review of modern sociological longitudinal studies of educational trajectories of young people, which are conducted in Russia, the United States and the countries of the European Union. The goals, objectives, and characteristics of the research samples are compared. The methodological features of studying the trajectories of young people in educational systems and in the labor market are considered. The main aspects of the research of educational trajectories and career paths that are in the focus of sociologists ‘ attention are touched upon: gender, ethnic, socio-economic and psychological. The conclusions obtained in the course of the study are presented. It resulted in the understanding that Western and domestic longitudinal studies of educational trajectories agree that the social status, material well-being, as well as the “educational experience” of parents or other family members, have a great influence on the decision-making of young people regarding their further educational and professional career. In the context of different countries and research plans-describing the educational trajectories of students, predictive determination of people choosing a particular career path, consistent reconstruction of trajectories — it was found that low-resource groups in higher education, such as students from disadvantaged families, follow less linear and less smooth trajectories in higher education. Russian studies are distinguished by the fact that they consider and study educational and professional trajectories in close connection with each other, and also focus on the problem of the relationship between socio-economic factors and individual choice. At the same time, there is a lack of a comprehensive study of non-material and non-cognitive factors that influence decision-making at the crucial moment of transition to vocational education or from the education system to the labor market.

scholarly journals The Neoliberal University in Ireland: Institutional Bullying by Another Name?

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Margaret Hodgins ◽  
Patricia Mannix McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

New managerialism and the pervasive neoliberalisation of universities is by now a well-established phenomenon. Commentaries explore the political and economic drivers and effects of neoliberal ideology, and critique the impact on higher education and academic work. The impact on the health and well-being of academic staff has had less attention, and it is to that we turn in this paper. Much academic interest in neoliberalism stems from the UK, Australia and the United States. We draw particularly on studies of public Irish universities, where neoliberalism, now well entrenched, but something of a late-comer to the new public management party, is making its presence felt. This conceptual paper explores the concept of neoliberalism in higher education, arguing that the policies and practices of new public management as exercised in universities are a form of bullying; what we term institutional bullying. The authors are researchers of workplace culture, workplace bullying and incivility. Irish universities are increasingly challenged in delivering the International Labour Organisation (ILO) principles of decent work, i.e., dignity, equity, fair income and safe working conditions. They have become exposed in terms of gender imbalance in senior positions, precariat workforce, excessive workload and diminishing levels of control. Irish universities are suffering in terms of both the health and well-being of staff and organisational vibrancy. The authors conclude by cautioning against potential neoliberal intensification as universities grapple with the economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper reviews neoliberalism in higher education and concludes with insight as to how the current pandemic could act as a necessary catalyst to stem the tide and ‘call out’ bullying at the institutional level.

EMPLOYMENT IN SCIENCE: GENDER CONTEXT

2021 ◽  
pp. 218-230
Author(s):  
Irina O. Shevchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Formal Description ◽  
Average Salary ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Asymmetry ◽  
Women Researchers

The article considers the position of men and women researchers in the labor market in the precarization context. It is revealed that from the viewpoint of formal signs of the work precarity, researchers are in a safe situation. Most of them work under an indefinite contract, having a set of social guarantees secured by the Labor Code, and rarely change jobs. But the social well-being of scientists indicates that the formal description of the situation is at odds with reality. Gender context of science is the following: there are fewer women than men among researchers; there are more men among those holding the academic degrees of doctors, so men occupy positions more preferable in terms of status than women; the average salary of male scientists is higher than the female; men have more opportunities to influence decision-making in their organization. Gender asymmetry in the scientific field persists in Russia.

scholarly journals The Role of Universities in Sustainable Economic Development In Pivotal

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-54
Author(s):  
Zoha Adel Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
Second World

institution is one of the highest institutions that have the task of providing the development needs of the community of specialists in various fields, in addition to being the centers of scientific research and applied to ensure economic and social progress It enriches decision makers with expertise and skills and thus controls political performance. In any society, the university can not play its full role in social change without interaction between the individual on the one hand and the social environment on the other, Social and interdependent Ah syndrome change, they strengthen the skills, and enrich the spirit of innovation of the individual, and raise the level of social progress. It helps to improve the conditions of the poor segments of the population and facilitates the employment opportunities of the individuals imposed by the society as they meet the needs of the individual and society of different professions, thus providing an opportunity for production and thus have a positive impact on the standard of living to achieve the well-being of the individual and the citizen. The interest reflected on the progress, such as Germany, which was interested in it became one of the main reasons that led to the rise of Germany from the ruins of the Second World War as well as the State of Malaysia, which moved from developing countries to the second world countries by changing the plan Colleges and institutes of universities. In 2020, Malaysia will be among the developed countries. In these countries, higher education, vocational training and training are viewed as a basis for life supplementation and are seen as a major means of improving and upgrading society. If we are to explore the dimensions of education in the 21st century, one of the pillars of education is learning for action, Usually involves the acquisition of skills and the linking of knowledge to practice as an essential part of the training and rehabilitation of the individual for practical life. Hence, such new trends in linking educational preparation to work have been imposed by the labor market and the working life in its new forms. Production and service facilities, The advanced, assumed graduates who can be employed and absorbed can contribute to the development of competitiveness, to provide innovations and creations to achieve the competitive advantage of the enterprise, and to improve production and productivity based primarily on the acquisition and application of knowledge. Gamerdinger reveals that the new technology does not accelerate the possibilities for sound economic policies and increasing global trade, and this requires strategies to develop work related to the development of human performance, and in order to face the state of chronic unemployment globally, education policies are headed towards the so-called reverse conversion as many graduates of specializations Literaries choose vocational and technical education in technical and community colleges. Unemployment in the Arab world carries certain characteristics that must be taken into account when developing the solutions available to them. The most important of these characteristics are: Unemployment is a youth phenomenon. Weak professional experience available to the unemployed. Lack of targeted planning for the labor market. The large gap between the outputs of higher education for youth and the requirements of the labor market. The most important recommendations aimed at enhancing the role of universities in Iraq are: 1 - the operation of labor graduates of technical and technical institutes in the industrial field in order to promote them and eliminate unemployment and increase the hard currency as an important category of Iraqi society, which contributes actively to the renaissance of the country. Linking the Ministry of Industry and Commerce with the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research to be managed by the Minister of Education alone. The Ministry is keen on the funds of the Iraqi people and contributes to the development of the industrial and commercial sectors with the help of professors and university students. 3 - the need to match the needs of the market and education outputs to reduce unemployment, in addition to the vocational education has become an urgent need at this stage to keep pace with the needs of life in society away from the negative view of this education. 4 - Increasing the number of technical workshops and providing them with the means of material in order to provide the university student maximum desired learning. Enhancing the role of higher education in building a broader partnership and cooperation with various other community institutions (public, private and private sector). 6 - Re-admission plan in universities by making the number of admissions in scientific colleges more than the number of admissions in the humanitarian colleges. 7 - Attracting foreign investment companies to invest natural resources in Iraq such as phosphate, natural gas, oil, oil shale, uranium, silica and geothermal energy for the recovery of the economy and the trend towards domestic consumption.

scholarly journals Treatment Choice in Adolescents With Cleft Lip and/or Palate: The Importance of Shared Decision-Making

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 1220-1229
Author(s):  
Francesca Wogden ◽  
Alyson Norman ◽  
Louise Dibben
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Young People ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Pediatric Dentist ◽  
Semistructured Interviews ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis

Objective: Limited research has studied the involvement of children in medical decision-making. The aim of the study was to understand the involvement of adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) in decisions about elective surgeries and treatments. Design: Parents and professionals completed mixed-methods questionnaires about the degree to which children had been involved in choices about elective treatments. Data were analyzed using content analysis. Young people aged 12 to 25 years were asked to take part in semistructured interviews. The data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Setting: Questionnaire data collection took place online, and interview data were collected via messenger or telephone-based interviews. Participants: The study employed 30 participants; 11 young people (3 male, 8 female), 17 parents (13 mothers, 4 fathers), and 5 professionals (2 surgeons, 2 speech and language therapists, and 1 pediatric dentist). Results: Five main themes were identified. These reflected participants feeling that with increasing age should come increased involvement in decision-making and that it was important for adolescents to “have a voice” during decision-making. Parents, peers, and health professionals were identified as influencing decisions. Most adolescents reported overall satisfaction with their involvement in decision-making but sometimes felt “left in the dark” by professionals or under pressure from parents. A desire to improve speech and/or appearance was as an area where adolescents wanted to be more involved in decision-making. Conclusions: Shared decision-making is an important factor for psychological well-being by promoting autonomy and self-esteem among adolescents with CL/P.

scholarly journals Shrinking Budgets, Growing Demands: Neoliberalism and Academic Identity Tension at Regional Public Universities

AERA Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 233285841875773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryl Dugas ◽  
Kelly H. Summers ◽  
Lindsay N. Harris ◽  
Amy E. Stich
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Academic Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Faculty Work ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Teacher Researcher ◽  
Combined Impact

Faculty ( N = 156) at regional public universities (RPUs) in the United States were surveyed for self-reports of their primary academic identity (teacher, researcher) along with alignment of that identity with perceived departmental expectations and how their time is spent. Well-being and job satisfaction were examined as outcome measures of identity and alignment. The results are examined in the context of international concerns about neoliberalism in higher education, particularly with respect to academic identity. Participants were employed by RPUs in Illinois, a state with severe budget challenges, to assess the combined impact of neoliberalism and financial pressures on academic identity at traditionally teaching-focused institutions. Results of MANCOVA and MANOVA analyses suggested that participants who identify as teachers had greater overall well-being and job satisfaction than those who identified as researchers. Greater satisfaction was associated with alignment between identity and how time is spent. Implications and challenges to faculty work and strains on academic identity at RPUs are discussed.

Professional Career Breakthrough and Its Determinants

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Biegańska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Continuous Education ◽  
Professional Career

Changes in the modern labor market and changes in human motives resulting from the development in the course of life, contribute to the profound changes in their careers.  It is necessary to continuous education and openness to new experiences.  The presented article includes a  theoretical discussion on determinants of decision‑making process concerning a  career breakthrough. The author formulates the concept of career breakthrough and reviews empirical research into the tendency to make changes in the course of one’s career with particular emphasis on subjective causes. There are also important growth factors, environmental, individuality – environment. Also included is the role of trade unions and the preferred type of career.

Youth segment of a labor market of modern Russia

10.12737/5560 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Вера Гневашева ◽  
Vera Gnevasheva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Young People ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Professional Formation

The book is devoted to questions of professional formation of youth in the conditions of modern Russia taking into account their change during reforming of society and social and economic processes in the state. Basis of work are the conducted author´s monitoring researches on problems of professional formation and labor socialization of youth, formation of professional competences of young specialists through higher education system during 2001-2014. Research is directed on system studying of motivation of youth in the course of formation by it(her) of professional competences, features of vocational guidance of young people of modern social and economic conditions, youth expectations from the received professional competences for the purpose of identification of the developed tendencies of social and economic behavior of youth in the course of professional formation, identification of existing disproportions, their social and economic assessment. The monograph is devoted to features of interaction of a labor market and the market of educational services in the conditions of current trends of globalization and intercountry integration.

scholarly journals Effects of COVID-19 on College Students’ Mental Health in the United States: Interview Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changwon Son ◽  
Sudeep Hegde ◽  
Alec Smith ◽  
Xiaomei Wang ◽  
Farzan Sasangohar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
Multiple Stressors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Positive Coping ◽  
Negative Impacts

BACKGROUND Student mental health in higher education has been an increasing concern. The COVID-19 pandemic situation has brought this vulnerable population into renewed focus. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to conduct a timely assessment of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of college students. METHODS We conducted interview surveys with 195 students at a large public university in the United States to understand the effects of the pandemic on their mental health and well-being. The data were analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. RESULTS Of the 195 students, 138 (71%) indicated increased stress and anxiety due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Multiple stressors were identified that contributed to the increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depressive thoughts among students. These included fear and worry about their own health and of their loved ones (177/195, 91% reported negative impacts of the pandemic), difficulty in concentrating (173/195, 89%), disruptions to sleeping patterns (168/195, 86%), decreased social interactions due to physical distancing (167/195, 86%), and increased concerns on academic performance (159/195, 82%). To cope with stress and anxiety, participants have sought support from others and helped themselves by adopting either negative or positive coping mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Due to the long-lasting pandemic situation and onerous measures such as lockdown and stay-at-home orders, the COVID-19 pandemic brings negative impacts on higher education. The findings of our study highlight the urgent need to develop interventions and preventive strategies to address the mental health of college students.

scholarly journals Mindfulness and Education

Psychology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Weare ◽  
Felicia Huppert
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Young People ◽  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Function Learning ◽  
Contemplative Education ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms

This article focuses on the literature on mindfulness and mindfulness meditation with children and young people in schools and in higher education. It touches on mindfulness for adult educators including teachers and on the overlapping field of contemplative education in higher education. This is a selective guide to the theoretical, research, and practice-based literature in a rapidly evolving field and aimed at those unfamiliar with the territory. Work with young people cannot be understood in isolation, so the article begins by going back to first principles, looking at issues of definitions and origins of mindfulness from within ancient wisdom traditions, most particularly, but not exclusively, its Buddhist origins. It then contextualizes work with young people within the rapid rise of secular mindfulness for adult populations since the late 1970s, explores modern scientifically based definitions, and the domination of the therapeutically based model of mindfulness as an “intervention,” touching on some concerns and critiques, and outlining how mindfulness is currently being measured in adults and young people. It moves on to an account of overviews of mindfulness in education, citing the best of the plethora of guidance on how mindfulness might be implemented in schools, universities, and classrooms. It outlines the key literature on the rapidly expanding world of contemplative education, which is asking rather different questions to those raised by the model of mindfulness as an “intervention,” being more firmly based in philosophical and educational approaches. The world of classroom curricula is a burgeoning and lively one, and the article cites some of the best evidenced and most positively reviewed resources. There is a growing and promising evidence base to guide the field, and the last part of the article outlines the main reviews, which between them suggest there is a small to moderate impact of mindfulness when well taught and implemented. The article concludes by looking in more detail at the core literature in main areas in which mindfulness appears to be showing impact, including: psycho-social well-being and mental health; social and emotional skills including compassion and kindness; cognition, executive function, learning, and academic attainment; and physical health. See also the Oxford Bibliographies article in Education, “Mindfulness, Learning, and Education,” which has overlaps with this article, but explores in more detail definitions, overviews and websites and the implications for learning, while this article has a stronger focus on psychological mechanisms, measurement, and the empirical evidence base. They are probably best consulted together for a full understanding.

scholarly journals The Geographies of International Student Mobility

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 546-548
Author(s):  
Jing Yu
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
International Student ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
International Student Mobility ◽  
Uk Higher Education ◽  
Western Democracies

The Geographies of International Student Mobility: Spaces, Places and Decision-Making is a timely volume offering distinctive and critical insights into the geographical dimensions of international student mobilities. After the 2016 United Kingdom referendum to leave the European Union, and in the same year, the election of Donald Trump as the President of the United States, both countries faced the rise of conservative populism and sociopolitical upheavals. Brexit and Trumpism have been reshaping the politics of Western democracies in a more nationalistic and nativist way. This anti-immigration macro-level trend actually has ramifications for the internationalization processes of UK higher education. 

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