scholarly journals Alternative View of Unemployment Issue among Saudi Citizens - Automatization of Local Gas Stations as a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ahmed Al Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
Gas Stations ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Jobs

The primary objective of this paper is to propose an alternative solution for unemployment among Saudi youth. This paper seeks to address the problem of unemployment in Saudi Arabia from a different perspective: productivity aspect. Substantially, this paper proposes solutions for the Saudi youth unemployment problem by increasing the non-oil private sector's productivity. It evaluates the macroeconomic gains of the proposed solutions, such as the number of new jobs for Saudi citizens and additional value-added. The research's main hypothesis is that increasing the non-oil private sector's productivity would significantly reduce unemployment among Saudi citizens. There are two methodologies for evaluating the expected economic benefits of increasing productivity in local economic activities. The first methodology, which is the Saudization of local gas stations by transforming the local gas stations into self-service ones (with one cashier every 8 hours for each gas station), finds that there would be more than 28,000 new jobs with reasonable salaries (at least SAR 3000 instead of SAR 1000 for at least 5 low-skilled foreign laborers) for unemployed Saudi citizens, which are socially accepted and at no additional cost to the government. The second methodology uses Leontief’s IO model to estimate the macroeconomic effects of increasing productivity in the non-oil private sector. It finds that the Saudi gross domestic product (GDP) is expected to record an additional growth rate of around 2.7 percentage points (Note 1) and to create more than 96,000 sustainable jobs for Saudi citizens within the period from 2021 to 2025.

scholarly journals MAKE IN INDIA – ROAD AHEAD GLOBAL AND DOMESTIC OUTLOOK OF MANUFACTURING SECTOR GROWTH DYNAMICS, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Dr. K. Madhava Rao
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Tertiary Sector ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
The Government

India is set to emerge as the world’s fastest-growing major economy by 2015 ahead of China, as per the recent report by The World Bank. India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is expected to grow at 7.5 per cent in 2015, as per the report. The improvement in India’s economic fundamentals has accelerated in the year 2015 with the combined impact of strong government reforms, RBI's inflation focus supported by benign global commodity prices. The Indian economy has been witnessing positive sentiments during the past few months. The macroeconomic indicators have also displayed an encouraging trend in the recent times. However, the situation of the manufacturing sector in India is a cause of concern. At 16% value added to GDP, the sector does not seem representative of its potential which should have been 25%. However, the industrial growth scenario is improving and is estimated at 1.9% in the period April-October 2014-15. Make in India is a major new national programme of the Government of India designed to facilitate investment, foster innovation, enhance skill development, protect intellectual property and build best in class manufacturing infrastructure in the country. The primary objective of this initiative is to attract investments from across the globe and strengthen India’s manufacturing sector. It is being led by the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. The Make in India programme is very important for the economic growth of India as it aims at utilising the existing Indian talent base, creating additional employment opportunities and empowering secondary and tertiary sector. The present study is an attempt to understand the global and domestic outlook of manufacturing sector, growth dynamics, opportunities and challenges for manufacturing firms particularly in the states under the influence of DMIC. KEY WORDS: Emerge, Primary Objective, Industrial Policy, Economic Fundamentals, and Commodity Prices.

Cambodia education reform could help investors

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Automobile Assembly ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The Government ◽  
Garment Manufacturing ◽  
New Jobs

Subject Education reform, labour supply and economic development in Cambodia. Significance Legislators passed the 2017 budget on November 22 with spending increases on vocational training and education. The government plans to move Cambodia into the upper-middle-income category (as defined by the World Bank) by 2030. This will require economic diversification, particularly away from agriculture and reliance on low-skilled garment manufacturing toward higher value-added activities such as automobile assembly and semiconductor production. This will need progressively more skilled labour, requiring education reforms. Impacts Improving Cambodia's skills base could attract more foreign investment and new jobs. US abandonment of the Trans-Pacific Partnership will reduce competition facing Cambodian manufacturing, for now. As economic opportunities develop, inward migration is possible, requiring urban and rural planning.

Impacts of COVID-19 on the Economy of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 410-419
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Individual

The deadly coronavirus has affected not only the lives of the people but also the economies of all states of the world. Mainly the lockdown to control the spread of the virus has affected economies. The primary objective of this study was to explore the impacts of novel coronavirus pneumonia on the economy of Pakistan and the government response to it. It has also severely affected the already vulnerable economy of Pakistan by limiting the economic activities, a lot of industrial units and small and medium-sized enterprises either stopped or limited their productions, foreign trade decreased by 40.74 percent, affected the services sector, reduced the tax collection volume, 2.06 million people lost their jobs, increased poverty ratio, tourism industry ruined, and GDP recorded negative for the first time in the history (0.38 percent). The pandemic not only affected the economy of the state but also severely affected the individual economies. The government of Pakistan released some relief packages for industries and poor people but could not control the impacts of a pandemic on the economy. Pakistan is required to formulate and implement comprehensive microeconomic policies to reduce economic losses.

scholarly journals Note: Analysis of Key Determinants of Tax Policy and Administration

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Excise Duties ◽  
Resource Generation

Introduction Similar to most countries, the objectives of the taxation system in Pakistan are not well-defined. Historically, the primary objective has been resource generation for the government. The taxation system has simultaneously addressed the secondary objectives of promoting area/sectorspecific economic activities, discouraging undesired imports/production, encouraging savings and investment. These objectives were met through a variety of tax concessions and exemptions, rebates and credits, differentiated tax rates and tariffs. The revenue shortfalls/leakages resulting from preferential tax treatment of the desired activities were offset through appropriate changes in various fiscal instruments, e.g. high tax rates and tariffs, regulatory duties, extended withholding and presumptive taxes, excise duties on services, and many more. These measures, in turn, complicated the taxation system and adversely affected the equity, neutrality and progressivity thereof.

scholarly journals Sales range and innovative activity in the manufacturing system of Poland

Equilibrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Świadek
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing System ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Value Added ◽  
International Market ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Main Hypothesis ◽  
The Government

Research background: In the literature, there is a discussion on the importance of the spatial distance from the user in the context innovation activity. However, most of this kind of studies concentrate on exporting enterprises and compare them to domestic ones. Exporting activity is very important for catching-up countries, because of technology transfer in its background. Purpose of the article: The aim of this paper is to determine whether the innovative activity in Poland’s manufacturing system is a consequence of close interactions (local and regional), or perhaps conditioned by the imperative of functioning on the national and international market. The main hypothesis was that on the current development level of Poland, the relationship between the range of sales and innovation activities are different from those in the more developed countries. Methods: Empirical studies was created in 2006–2012 as a result of the systematic collection of questionnaires filled by manufacturing enterprises in Poland from all regions (5209 correct fulfilled questionnaires). Methodical analysis was based on the theory of probability — probit modeling, because dependent variables were binary (0 or 1). Findings & Value added: Local and regional space is not stimulating innovation activity in opposite to national one. High intensity observed only when the company has been working on the international market. It means that the industry maturity level in Poland is good enough for creating a domestic innovation environment. This kind of an aggregation level should be stimulated by the government innovation policy.

scholarly journals KINERJA RANTAI PASOKAN KOPI ARABIKA JAVA PREANGER DI KABUPATEN SUMEDANG JAWA BARAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3511
Author(s):  
Yayat Ginanjar ◽  
Apiatno Apiatno ◽  
Helles Amanda
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Business Climate ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government

Sumedang District has featured in many commodities from agricultural sector, but in the agricultural sector there are still many problems, especially coffee. The problem of slow development of the agricultural sector can be seen from the main problems faced by farmers, that in the limitations of managed agricultural land and the status of farmers mostly only farmworkers.Taking into account the problems in the commodity, in improving the competitiveness of a business requires information from the flow of products. Descriptive qualitative methods are selected by researchers, this is to describe the results of research from the supply chain and its value-added analysis. From the results of the research, there are still obstacles faced by business estimators in every supply chain activity, especially in the provision of agro input and cultivation processes that have not supported productivity improvement, limited processing tools, and marketing that has not been integrated between businesses so that its competitiveness is not optimal. Directional and integrative policy is needed from the government to support the coffee business climate in order KAJP East Manglayang can be a featured commodity that can boost people's economic activities, that government policy will determine the productivity of agriculture in the field of coffee. Keywords : cofee, value-added, supply chain

scholarly journals Structural Shifts in the Economy of the Amur Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
A. V. Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Regional Economy ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Structural Shifts

The article provides an economic and statistical review of the structural changes in the economy of the Amur Region from 2004 to 2016. An analysis of regional statistics on the industrial structure of gross value added (GVA) over the period under review allowed the author to identify quantitative parameters identifying economic activities that determine the characteristics of the modern economy of the region, and those that have not been developed.Based on statistical calculations, it was concluded that leading economic activities in the Amur Region are «Transport and Communication», «Mining and quarrying», «Wholesale and retail trade».The primary objective of the study was to determine the degree of intensity of structural shifts in the regional economy and identify the main trends of its development. The «absolute» gains and growth factors of the relative structural components of the GVA for the Amur Region for the period under review were calculated to characterize these structural changes.According to the author, the calculations indicate the absence of a positive transformation in the structure of the regional economy. Thus, the intensive development of the commodity sectors of the economy continues, and the low growth rates of the manufacturing industries are noted. To carry out a summary assessment of structural changes in the regional economy, the author has calculated the linear and quadratic coefficients of the «absolute» structural changes. The results provide an opportunity to more accurately identify critical areas for investment, as well as support those economic activities that will allow the region to maximize its potential benefits.

A Comparative Analysis of the Balanced Scorecard as Applied in Government and Industry Organizations

2001 ◽  
pp. 253-268
Author(s):  
Nancy Eickelmann
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
High Price ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
The Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
The Government

Organizations have become increasingly dependent on information technologies to conduct daily operations, achieve competitive advantage and to create and penetrate new markets. This dependence has come at a high price, in 1990 U.S. companies spent over $154 billion on information technologies. However, organizations have found it difficult to measure the value added from these investments. Survey results found four significant barriers to measuring financial performance related to information technologies including: • Difficulty of measuring economic benefits • Inability to determine returns • Lack of good metrics • Incomplete records/accounting of investments The Balanced Scorecard framework provides part of the structure required to overcome these barriers. How organizations can overcome these barriers and successfully measure performance with respect to achieving strategic plans is the focus of this chapter. This chapter provides a comparison of results of two case studies regarding the use of the Balanced Scorecard measurement framework. The application of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is evaluated for a Fortune 500 information technology organization and a government organization. Both organizations have a business focus of software development. The BSC framework is applied and reviewed in both contexts to provide insight into unique organizational characteristics for government and contract software environments. A specific focus is to inform the use of financial measures such as Return On Investment (ROI) in the government context. The BSC framework provides the necessary structure to evaluate quantitative and qualitative information and identify the critical linkages between financial measures of past performance and key measures of future performance.

scholarly journals How Marine Tourism Promote Financial Development in Sustainable Economy: New Evidence from South Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Li ◽  
Baijun Wu ◽  
Ataul Karim Patwary
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Marine Tourism ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Autoregressive Distributed Lag ◽  
Marine Economy ◽  
The Government

Abstract The ocean economy and marine tourism policies are global economic concerns being looked at from a deeply holistic viewpoint. For South Asian countries, the ocean economy and marine tourism have successive socio-economic importance. The quantification of the ocean economy and marine tourism also poses some major challenges and these challenges pose limitations for policymaking by the government and other relevant agencies. The study has used the newly developed Hidden Panel Cointegration test and Nonlinear Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NPARDL) model for a relationship between economic growth and tourism is assessed. This study offers consistent and reliable results of co-integration by incorporating the findings of four approaches to co-integration. The empirical results illustrate the asymmetric relationship between ocean and marine tourism and economic growth. The findings showed that 1% increase in long term tourism economic growth is adjusted by 2.95% annually. This research paper aims to provide a policy related to South Asia's economic activities and ocean and marine tourism economic significance. Protecting local marine protected areas (MPAs) will improve the economic benefits of the ocean and the marine economy. The policy suggests that there should be a law ensuring that marine tourism is of high quality and environment friendly. This paper provides a guideline for further research with a strong emphasis on ocean-and marine-related economic development and tourism.

scholarly journals Short Analysis of the stakeholders’ benefit and satisfaction about Rural Land Share Cooperatives of the Southern Jiangsu Province

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
◽  
Zhu Xihua ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Scale Economy ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Government ◽  
The City

The agricultural land around Shanghai is famous for its huge population and intensive cultivation. With the expansion of the metropolis, a large number of agricultural people have entered the city to work, and rural land has been abandoned1,2. In 2009, Kunshan City implemented a land transfer system, and 99% of the cultivated land was packaged for large scale farmers, and initially realized large‐scale operation3 . However, the large‐scale business model has gradually experienced problems such as predatory management, ecological destruction, and no sense of social responsibility. Through the establishment of agricultural land share cooperatives, Changyun Village took the lead in realizing the collective management of agricultural land, taking shares in the land, giving priority to paying dividends to the land, and paying wages to the farmers working in the cooperative. The peasants' enthusiasm for entering the city has become an important buffer for the migrants to work in Shanghai and surrounding village.It has increased the employment rate. At the same time, it has supplied green agricultural products to the city, passed on agricultural technology, and activated local communities. This article intends to analyse the correlation between several village share cooperative models based on Changyun Village and the large family farm contracting model of more than ten villages, and the satisfaction of villagers, combined with property rights theory, scale economy theory, and accounting cooperatives. Cost‐benefit, evaluate the effect of “long cloud-style” collectivization on revitalizing the surrounding villages of metropolises and assess the satisfaction of governments at all levels. Through field interviews and questionnaire surveys, the correlation analysis of village cadres and villagers' satisfaction was conducted. The government is optimistic about the role of the "long cloud model" in grassroots management and improvement of people's livelihood. Even if public finances are required to invest a large amount of money, it is necessary to strengthen the medical and social security of the villagers. The government is also quite satisfied with the Changyun model. At present, the economic benefits of the stock cooperatives have steadily increased. Although the growth rate is not large, the villagers have a strong sense of well‐being, and the village's ecological environment has been improved. In the future, the cost of the village will be reduced after the large scale operation, and the overall economic benefits will be improved. The future research direction will be how to solve the specific problems that plague the cooperative's production and operation, such as low rice prices and lack of high value added finishing facilities to continue to activate the surrounding areas of the metropolis and improve the satisfaction of the government and villagers.

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