scholarly journals Policy Makers’ Perspective on Impacts of Decentralizing Forest Management in Kenya on Forestry Conservation and Community Livelihoods

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Mbuvi Tito E. Mbuvi ◽  
James B. Kungu
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Stakeholder Participation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Participatory Forest Management ◽  
State Management ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Key Informant Interview

Forests in Kenya were under traditional community management regimes up to 1891 when formal state management of forests started in Vanga Mangrove forest and later the entire country. In 1997 decentralized forest governance was successfully piloted through Participatory Forest Management in Kenya. This informed review of the Forests Act, Cap 385 to The Forests Act, 2005 subsequently revised to Forest Conservation and Management Act, 2016. The Act has explicit support to decentralized forest management with special focus on communities. The study determined the perceptions of policy makers on: why decentralization was introduced; policy makers’ understanding of decentralization and its impact on forest management and community livelihoods. Literature review was conducted, questionnaires administered and Key Informant Interview and Focus Group Discussion held. The policy makers indicated that decentralization was being implemented in the country and they could distinguish the models being practiced and noted that decentralization was facilitating stakeholder participation and improving forest conservation and community livelihoods. The key challenges were; inadequate budgetary allocation; failure by state to transfer key functions to communities but had decentralized roles that reduce costs. The country has three forest management models and each was best in its context but can be enhanced through capacity building, financial support and partnerships.

scholarly journals INFLUENTIAL MARKETING STRATEGIES ADOPTED BY THE CEMENT INDUSTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 155-173
Author(s):  
Anjay Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Depth Information ◽  
Credit Period ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Mind State ◽  
Awareness Tool ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Key Informant Interview

The study is focused to encounter the marketing strategies adopted by cement industries and suppliers. The study is conducted at Madhyapur Thimi Municipality among different level of consumer i.e house owner, supplier, contractor/mason and consultant/engineer. Out of 871 permitted under construction building of fiscal year 2016/17, 89 end consumers and 30 suppliers were selected for questionnaire survey with two different set of questionnaire. Key informant interview was conducted for in depth information while focus group discussion was done to understand influencing strategies. Bonus coupon and credit period was found to be brand promotional tools among 36.67% and 23.33% of the suppliers respectively whereas 50% of the end consumers get attracted through credit period. Credit period is the most influential marketing strategy while advertisement being the brand awareness tool to the consumer to set their brand in ‘Top of Mind’ state.

scholarly journals Fishing Crafts and Gears in Buug, Dumanquillas Bay, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Bryan L. Bitantos ◽  
Lovena Grace Amor T. Dela Cruz ◽  
Jay Pril M. Natuil ◽  
Wellmor John R. Sabado
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Marine Resources ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Illegal Fishing ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Fish Catch ◽  
Key Informant Interview ◽  
Fishing Practices

Dumanquillas Bay is a body of saltwater and the major source of food located in the Southern Mindanao. It has been observed that marine resources and fish catch in the area are declining. This study assumed that fishing practices affect the decline of marine and fish catch in the bay. A study on the documentation of fishing practices in the area is reported here. Key informant interview (KII), focus group discussion, direct observation and document archival were used. Twenty-three (23) fishing practices were observed in the area. Based on R.A. 10654 or the Philippine Fisheries Code, five (5) fishing practices were identified in the bay which are illegal. These are “pahulbot sa lalum”, “pahulbot sa mabaw”, “panubli”, “panguryente” and “troll” that destroys sea grasses, coral reefs and the sea beds. The illegal fishing practices identified poses a threat to the marine resources. It implies weak implementation of fishing policies among the LGU’s and other concerned government institutions and NGA’s. Capacity building, CEPA campaign and committed implementation of the Philippine Fisheries Code (R.A. 10654) should be implemented by the PAMB and stakeholders in the community to manage the remaining coastal marine resources thereby uplifting the socio-economic status of the coastal community and achieve sustainability.

scholarly journals Assessing Tourism Potential In Bhaktapur Durbar Square, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Neupane ◽  
Anup KC ◽  
Ramesh Raj Pant
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Weighted Sum Method ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
Key Informant Interview ◽  
Tourist Information

Tourism is one of the most promising driver and contributor of the world economy having significant role in sustainable development, economic upliftment and social benefits. It has the potential to contribute towards environmental protection and poverty reduction. Prior to investment in tourism, concerned authorities must know the condition of respective tourist resources, their attractiveness and levels of touristic demand. Very few studies in Nepal have made an effort to quantify the tourism potential in cultural, historical and religious sites such as Bhaktapur Durbar Square. With an objective to assess the tourism potential of Bhaktapur Durbar Square using Weighted Sum Method, this study was carried out from start of June to the end of July in 2013. For this purpose, questionnaire survey with tourists, private businesses and public sector institutions; focus group discussion and key informant interview with tourism enterpreneur and local government officer was carried out. The tourism potential was found to be high with a strength of exceptionally rich cultural, historical and religious heritage, favourable geographical situation, positive image of local Newari food products and friendly and welcoming local people. The areas of weaknesses were lack of tourism infrastructures and services, lack of tourist information and weak management of tourist area. Hence, to utilise the tourism potential of Bhaktapur Durbar Square to the fullest for the economic upliftment of its inhabitants, promotional activities such as tourism fairs, festivals, cultural dances and events should be conducted at regular intervals with prompt security services. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 250-261 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9225

scholarly journals Indigenous Environmental Knowledge of Borana Pastoralists

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-131
Author(s):  
Dejene Alemayehu ◽  
Zerihun Doda
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Natural Resources Management ◽  
Environmental Knowledge ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Key Informant Interview ◽  
Customary Practices ◽  
Borana Zone

This paper investigated the indigenous environmental knowledge (IEK) of Borana pastoralists in Dhas district of Borana zone in Southern Ethiopia. To select participants for key informant interview and focus group discussion (FGD), snowball sampling was used to pinpoint people who have IEK of Borana pastoralists. Results show that the customary practices of Borana pastoralists that linked to multi-dimensional natural resources management (NRM) include the taxonomy of pastureland and water resources instituted on the season of utility and gazing dimensions, range scouts, herd splitting, cattle mobility, herd diversification, and bush burning. However, currently owing to various factors the IEKs of Borana pastoralists have been facing threatening challenges that question their existence. The study incorporated the capitalization on the customary institutions that advance the IEK and cattle productivity finally improving the livelihoods of the Borana pastoralists. This research intends to help various stakeholders, predominantly pastoralist development office, ecologists and other development partners in a bid to develop Borana pastoralists, to boost their sustainability, and to promote sustainable NRM.

scholarly journals Assessment of Private Paravets Practices towards Veterinary Extension Services in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Narbikram Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Professional Ethics ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Extension Services ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Force Field Analysis ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Key Informant Interview

The study aims to assess the performance of paravets towards veterinary extension services in Nepal. The participatory methods like questionnaire survey, key informant interview, focus group discussion, direct field observation, force field analysis and score ranking was adopted during the study. The quality of the Private Paravets was sound in terms of relevance, appropriateness, targeting, and sustainability issues. Project activities associated with Private Paravets promotion were observed appropriate and in line with the needs of farmers. The concerned private paravets were found to be working effectively for institutional, social and economic transformation of the beneficiaries. Large majority of the Paravets have been providing veterinary service on technical advice, curative services (98 %), AI (87 %) and vaccination (75%) against hemorrhagic septicaemia and black quarter diseases in the cattle and buffaloes. There has been increased access to veterinary extension services in the rural farming communities because of increased accessibility to Paravets. In the study areas 89 %paravets have annual turnover of Rs less than 2 lacsto3-5lacs in their fee based private veterinary services. Overwhelming majority of the Paravets had future plan to expand their business. Of the total 96 % Paravets expressed job satisfaction for their current veterinary private practices despite some problems. The private paravets seems to be instrumental and sustainable to provide services towards veterinary and livestock production technology in the study areas. However, there is room for improvements to make it economically viable, technically sound, legally regulated and developing professional ethics as Paravets practices in Nepal.      

scholarly journals Farmers' Preferences of Improved Wheat Varieties in Wheat Subsector Kailali, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-436
Author(s):  
Prashant Bhatt ◽  
Pratibha Bist ◽  
Laxmi Narayan Ojha
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Rural Municipality ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Selected Traits ◽  
Key Informant Interview ◽  
Selection Of

Kailali is the second highest district regarding wheat production and area coverage. A study was carried out in the Kailali district for preference of farmers on different wheat varieties that were being cultivated in the district. The objective of the study was to assess farmers’ preference and perception on the different improved wheat varieties in the area. Five commonly grown wheat varieties and seventeen important wheat varietal traits were selected through focus group discussion, key informant interview and preliminary survey. Sixty households were selected for face-to-face personal interview, twelve for each selected variety, at random from Ghodaghodi Municipality, Gauriganga Municipality and Kailari Rural Municipality of Kailali. The weightage of the seventeen selected traits were determined using an online survey conducted among individuals from different designation with the agricultural background who were well known about wheat cultivation practices in Kailali district. Yield, flour quality and tillering were found to be the trait of higher weightage and stem thickness was the trait of lowest weightage. The preferences of the farmers were measured using wheat preference index (WPI). The varieties Vijay, NL-971, HD-2967, Gautam and Aditya were ranked as I, II, III, IV and V respectively. The incorporation of farmers' preferred traits in future wheat varieties would increase the likelihood of adoption of the varieties. Similarly, proper participatory field trial of new improved wheat varieties would also help in the selection of the suitable varieties in the area concerning the farmers’ criteria of selection. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(4): 432-436

Risks and Impacts of Children's Engagement in Solid Waste Management Activities in Hawassa City, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akalewold Fedilu Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Child Labor ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Key Informant Interview ◽  
International Conventions

There are a number of international conventions and national legislations in response to child labor. However, children are being vulnerable to different work related risks. The risks and impacts of child labor can be determined by the age of child, the type and hours of work performed and the condition under which it is performed. To explore these issues, this study was conducted on children aged 5-14 years who were engaged in solid waste management activities in Hawassa City Administration. The objective was to explore the risks and impacts of children's engagement in solid waste management activities. A survey method, which is supplemented by ethnographic qualitative research, was applied to explore children work risks and impacts through the use of tools such as focus group discussion, key informant interview and observation.

scholarly journals A Hidden Pitfall for REDD: Analysis of Power Relation in Participatory Forest Management on Whether It Is an Obstacle or a Reliever on REDD Pathway

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelingis Akwilini Makatta ◽  
Faustin Peter Maganga ◽  
Amos Enock Majule
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Power Relation ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Power Imbalance ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
Participatory Forest Management ◽  
Legal Frameworks

Power relation among stakeholders is a key concept in collaborative approaches. This study aims to examine the reality of the acclaimed power sharing in Participatory Forest Management (PFM) and implication of existing power relation to the national REDD+ programme in Tanzania. The study involved a review of PFM policy and legal supporting documents; meta-analysis of previous studies done at two sites known to have succeeded in PFM; and empirical study at Kolo-Hills forests. Methods used include the meta-analysis of existing literature; Household Questionnaire Survey; Focused Group Discussion; and key person unstructured interviews. Results revealed that a large part of the PFM processes involved power struggle instead of power sharing. REDD+ pilot was perceived to have succeeded in improving PFM only in villages where the majority of the community about 70% experienced higher levels of inclusiveness and power balance with other PFM stakeholders in PFM processes. Power imbalance and power struggle were also noted in the REDD+ project adoption processes. Thus power relations exercised under PFM fall under potential obstacle rather than a reliever to the REDD+ programme. The study recommends reviewing of PFM legal frameworks to strengthen community empowerment for effectiveness of REDD+ on PFM platform.

scholarly journals Typology of Forest Users in West Usambara Tanzania and Implication to Forest Management

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Hussein Luswaga ◽  
Ernst-August Nuppenau
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Conservation ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Forest Income ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Income Generating Activities ◽  
Forest Users

The West Usambara landscape is a complex ecosystem in Tanzania known for its rich biodiversity and livelihood support within and beyond its scope. The community dependency on this forest places pressure on its resources, so this forest requires better management strategies. Previous studies on forest conservation ignored details on the heterogeneity of forest users around the forest fringes. Part of the challenge is to understand the characteristics, behavior, and variability of forest users to plan and inform management decisions. This study is an attempt to assess typologies of forest users, their perceptions, and their motivations for understanding better forest management and utilization. The data were collected from 159 randomly sampled households located in four villages bordering the forests, supplemented with focus group discussions and key informant interviews. A factor analysis identified three management and two utilization dimensions, while cluster analysis identified three typologies: high (HFIS), medium (MFIS), and low (LFIS) forest users. The typologies varied in their socioeconomic characteristics, management, and utilization index. The management and utilization index varied from low for HFIS and MFIS to medium for LFIS, indicating a possible difference in resource utilization as well as incentives for management efforts. A multinomial logit indicated further that age, training, and livestock ownership limited upward trends in forest utilization. These findings indicate that, to improve forest management in West Usambara, different management prescriptions are required to respond to the characteristics and variability of forest users (along typologies). Moreover, forest-linked income-generating activities should be encouraged to improve forest income and motivate villagers’ engagement in the forest activities.

scholarly journals Diversification of Livelihood Strategies in Melamchi Valley, Sindhupalchok District, Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 113-126
Author(s):  
Madhu Krishna Neupane ◽  
Dhyanendra Bahadur Rai
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Information Collection ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
The People ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Community People ◽  
Market Center ◽  
Key Informant Interview

 Livelihood strategy varies from place to place. People living in certain place have a diverse strategy over time. This study attempts to analyze the sources of livelihood, livelihood strategies of different communities and their adaptive strategies in Melamchi Valley. The livelihood patterns and the strategies have been dealt on the basis of community. This study is based on primary data that are collected using household questionnaire, focus group discussion and key informant interview. A set of standardized questionnaire, observation sheet, and checklist were used for information collection. The finding of the study portrays that paddy is the major crop cultivated by Brahmin/Kshetri communities whereas millet and maize are the principal crops cultivated by Tamang community. People of this area are attracted towards cash generating activities than the subsistence agriculture farming in the present days. The people of market center are motivated towards trade and business whereas the people of remote area have dependence on remittance. The trend of foreign migration for earning livelihood is high among the rural settlements. Similarly, earning from wage labor in the informal sectors has become important source of livelihood in Melamchi Valley.The Geographical Journal of NepalVol. 11: 113-126, 2018

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