Temporal Adverbial Clause Markings In Balinese

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Ketut Artawa ◽  
Made Sri Satyawati ◽  
Shiohara Asako ◽  
Ketut Widya Purnawati
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Simple Form ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Semantic Function ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Temporal Adverbial

Temporal adverbial functions can be realized by a subordinate clause. This subordinate clause is called temporal adverbial clause. The temporal adverbial clause is marked by a particular word(s) according to its semantic function. Balinese has several temporal adverbial clause markers, which can be in a simple or a complex form. The simple form is one word marker, while the complex form can be a phrase. Although there is a set of semantic function classifications, but somehow, not all of those semantic functions of the temporal adverbial in Balinese are filled by an adverbial clause. This paper focuses on the markers of those temporal adverbials, which are realized by an adverbial clause. The data in this paper, which are obtained from several short stories collections in Balinese, are descriptively analyzed. The result showed that Balinese has a number of marker variations, which do not only depend on the semantic function of temporal adverbial, but also depend on the speech level of the utterance. This means that a particular semantic function may be exclusively marked by several markers.

Examining individual variation in learner production data: A few programmatic pointers for corpus-based analyses using the example of adverbial clause ordering

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Stefan Th. Gries ◽  
Stefanie Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
First Language ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Chinese Learners ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Temporal Adverbial

ABSTRACT This study examines the variable positioning of a finite adverbial subordinate clause and its main clause with the subordinate clause either preceding or following the main clause in native versus nonnative English. Specifically, we contrast causal, concessive, conditional, and temporal adverbial clauses produced by German and Chinese learners of English with those produced by native speakers. We examined 2,362 attestations from the Chinese and German subsections of the International Corpus of Learner English (Granger, Dagneaux, Meunier, & Paquot, 2009) and from the Louvain Corpus of Native English Essays (Granger, 1998). All instances were annotated for the ordering, the subordinate clause type, the lengths of the main and subordinate clauses, the first language of the speakers, the conjunction used, and the file it originated from (as a proxy for the speaker producing the sentence so as to be able to study individual and lexical variation). The results of a two-step regression modeling protocol suggest that learners behave most nativelike with causal clauses and struggle most with conditional and concessive clauses; in addition, learners make more non-nativelike choices when the main and subordinate clause are of about equal length.

Syntax from and for discourse II: More on complex sentences as meso-constructions

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Hampe ◽  
Stefan Th. Gries
Keyword(s):  
Multinomial Regression ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Spoken English ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Temporal Adverbial

Abstract This paper presents a direct continuation of preceding corpus-linguistic research on complex sentence constructions with temporal adverbial clauses in a cognitive and usage-based framework (Diessel 2008; Hampe 2015). Working towards a more systematic construction-based account of complex sentences with before-, after-, until- and once-clauses in spontaneously spoken English, Hampe (2015) hypothesised that the morpho-syntactic realisations of configurations with initial adverbial clauses systematically diverge from those of configurations with final ones as a reflection of the specific functionality of each and that usage properties that are found across instantiations with a coherent functional load are retained in the schematisations creating constructions. This paper employs a multinomial regression in order to test to which extent each of eight closely related complex-sentence constructions with either initial or final before-, after-, until- and once-clauses can be predicted from the realisation of a few key morpho-syntactic properties of the respective adverbial and matrix clauses involved. The results support an analysis of complex-sentence constructions as meso-constructions that are not only specific about the subordinator and the positioning of the adverbial clause, but also retain “traces” of characteristic usage properties.

Corpora and intuition: a study of Mandarin Chinese adverbial clauses and subjecthood

Corpora ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
May L-Y Wong
Keyword(s):  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Semantic Function ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
New Information ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Linguistic Methods

This paper presents a corpus-based approach to investigating the distribution of adverbial clauses and their subjects (overt vs. non-overt) in spoken and written Mandarin Chinese. It argues that the choice of subject type is determined by three variables, namely, given-new information, semantic function of adverbial clause and text type. In written Chinese, the distribution of subject types varies across semantic classes of adverbial clauses, but not across text categories. The influence of semantic classes on the distribution of subject types, however, depends on text type. For the same semantic function, the decision as to whether to include a subject is governed by given and new information. In contrasting the distribution of subject types of adverbial clauses across speech and writing, it was found that both spoken and written Chinese use more overt subjects in clauses of reason. Methodologically, this study demonstrates how quantitative corpus-linguistic methods can be used to supplement introspective theoretical assumptions with authentic, observable evidence in order to gain better insights into the behaviour of adverbial clauses in speech and writing.

Teratologic Variants of Congenital Three-Phalangism of Thumb in Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-83
Author(s):  
O E Agranovich ◽  
I V Shvedovchenko ◽  
S I Golyana ◽  
O E Agranovich ◽  
I V Shvedovchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simple Form ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
The Other ◽  
Longitudinal Size ◽  
Choice Of Treatment

ased on examination of 56 patients, aged 8 months - 16 years, heterogeneity of congenital thumb three-phalangism was detected. Two forms of that pathology were defined: simple form (bra-chymesophalangeal, pseudothreephalangism, dolichophalangeal) and complex form (three-phalangism with combination of 1st radius hypoplasia and with combination of radial Polydactyly). The main radiologic criteria to delimit one form from the other one are the following: longitudinal and transverse sizes of 1st metacarpal bone; location of 1st metacarpal bone epiphysis; sizes and shape of additional phalangx; longitudinal size of 1st radius: volume of 1st intermetacarpal interval. Detection of malformation type is of importance for the choice of treatment tactics

scholarly journals On adverbial clauses in spoken Lithuanian

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Erika Jasionytė-Mikučionienė
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Language ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Private Communication ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Pragmatic Inference ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Adverbial Clause

The aim of the paper is to investigate adverbial clauses of time, cause, condition and concession in spontaneous private communication. The study explores semantic relations between the main and subordinate clauses, grammatical features and predominant conjunctions.The data for the research was collected from the morphologically annotated Corpus of Spoken Lithuanian, namely, its sub-corpus of spontaneous private speech which is used at home, at friends’ place, or which is produced by close friends.The analysis of spontaneous private communication shows that the finite adverbial clauses of time, cause, condition and concession are related to a set of conjunctions, but other indicators such as the use of verbal categories (especially tense, aspect and mood), contextual lexical markers as well as pragmatic inference also help to determine the semantic relationship between the main and the subordinate clause.In a spoken language, temporal clauses are usually combined with the conjunctions kai, kaip ‘when’, kol ‘while’, less frequently – with kada ‘when’; causal clauses are combined with the conjunction nes ‘because; since’, less frequently – with kad and kadangi ‘because’; conditional clauses are typically combined with the conjunction jeigu ‘if’, less frequently – with jei ‘if’, concessive clauses – with the conjunction nors ‘though’. The conjunctions kai ‘when’, kol ‘while’, kadangi ‘because’, jeigu and jei ‘if’ correlate with the particle tai that is very frequent in a spoken language, while the conjunction nors ‘though’ – with the contrastive conjunction bet ‘but’.In the natural language flow, the structure of adverbial sentences is modified: other sentential and discourse units can intervene between the main and the subordinate clauses, and the adverbial conjunction moves from the initial to the medial position.Traditional Lithuanian grammars emphasise that the position of adverbial clauses is undefined: they can appear before or after the main clause. However, the analysis of spontaneous speech shows that the position of a subordinate clause is influenced by the semantic relationship between the clauses. If a subordinate clause refers to a previous action or event, then it dominates in a preposition. Besides, the position of an adverbial clause is also influenced by correlative conjunctions: the main clause with the correlative particle tai dominates in the postposition.The research also revealed that Lithuanian adverbial clauses could function at the discourse level: in dialogues, the structure of a complex sentence is broken down and subordinate adverbial clauses can acquire additional – discourse – functions. Adverbial conjunctions, in their turn, can indicate relations with a previous discourse. 

scholarly journals KATA PENGANTAR SEURI ‘TERTAWA’ DALAM BAHASA SUNDA

Widyaparwa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Emma Maemunah
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Classification Techniques ◽  
Semantic Function ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Sundanese is one of the languages that have interface words. Almost all Sundanese verbs have interface words which serve as an introduction to an activity. One of them is the verb seuri 'laugh' which has a lot of interface words. This study aims to describe the components of interface words of seuri 'laugh' in Sundanese and explain the semantic function of those interface words. The data interface words were obtained from the Sundanese dictionary and short stories written in Sundanese. This descriptive-qualitative study used paraphrasing and classification techniques. The results show that there are 18 lexemes of  seuri 'laugh' in Sundanese, they are barakatak, belengéh, bélényeh,cakakak, calakatak, cengir, ceukeukeuk, ceuleukeuteuk, cikikik, éléngéh, gakgak, gelenyu,  ger, gikgik, irihil, key, nyéh, dan séréngéh. The function of semantic interface words of seuri 'laugh' is to show happiness, show indulgence, endure shame, nervousness, awkwardness, pain, disgust, smell something bad, and laugh at something while joking and to show the nature of people who always smile.Bahasa Sunda merupakan salah satu bahasa yang memiliki kata pengantar. Hampir semua verba bahasa Sunda memiliki kata pengantar yang berfungsi sebagai pengantar suatu kegiatan. Salah satunya verba seuri ‘tertawa’ yang memiliki banyak sekali kata pengantar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan komponen makna kata pengantar seuri ‘tertawa’ dalam bahasa Sunda dan menjelaskan fungsi semantis medan makna kata pengantarseuri ‘tertawa’ tersebut. Data kata pengantar diperoleh dari kamus dan cerita-cerita pendek berbahasa Sunda. Penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif ini menggunakan teknik parafrase dan pengklasifikasian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 18 leksemkata pengantar seuri ‘tertawa’ dalam bahasa Sunda, yaitu barakatak, belengéh, bélényeh, cakakak, calakatak, cengir, ceukeukeuk, ceuleukeuteuk, cikikik, éléngéh, gakgak, gelenyu,  ger, gikgik, irihil,  key, nyéh, dan séréngéh. Fungsi semantis kata pengantarseuri ‘tertawa’ adalah untuk menunjukkan kebahagiaan, menunjukkan kemanjaan, menahan rasa malu, gugup, canggung, sakit, jijik, mencium bau tidak enak, atau, menertawakan sesuatu sambil bersenda gurau serta menunjukkan sifat orang yang murah senyum.

SUBORDINATE CLAUSES IN ADULTERY NOVEL

JURNAL SPHOTA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Wahyu Nugraha ◽  
I Komang Sulatra ◽  
Purwati
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Subordinate Clauses ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Complement Clause ◽  
English Syntax ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Dependent Clause

A subordinate clause (dependent clause) is a clause that cannot stand alone as a complete sentence because it does not express a complete thought. It explains and gives more information to the main clause. There are three major types of subordinate clause such as: Complement Clause, Relative Clause, and Adverbial Clause (Miller, 2002:63). This research is a library research that aims to find out types and functions of subordinate clause found in Adultery. This research uses several theories from expert in other to analyze the problems in this study. The book written by Jim Miller (2002) entitled An Introduction to English Syntax and the book written by Bas Aarts (2001) entitled English Syntax and Argumentation, Second Edition are used. It is stated that there are three major types of subordinate clause that can be recognized as Complement clause, Relative clause, and Adverbial Clause. Then, the clause functions such as Clauses Functioning as Subject, Clause Functioning as Direct Object, Clauses Functioning as Adjunct and Clauses Functioning as Complements within Phrases.  The result of this research shows that three major types of subordinate clause are found. Furthermore, the clause functions are also found as well, however only Clauses Functioning as Subject weren’t found in this research.

Connecting the present and the past: cognitive processing and the position of adverbial clauses in Samuel Pepys's Diary

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-282
Author(s):  
MEIKE PENTREL
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Discourse Function ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Implied Meaning ◽  
Temporal Adverbial

The present article studies the linear order of main and temporal adverbial clauses in theDiary of Samuel Pepys (1660–1669). In the development of a framework that combines cognitive and historical data, processing principles identified for Present-day English (e.g. Prideaux 1989; Diessel 2008) are tested for this ego-document from the seventeenth century. The factors investigated are the iconic temporal order of both clauses, the length of the adverbial clause and the implied meaning of the clauses. Moreover, the discourse function of the respective clauses will be discussed. On the basis of the Uniformitarian Principle, the present study assumes that processing principles that are valid for Present-day English predict the position of the clause in past language stages to a similar extent.

scholarly journals (Zeit)Befindlichkeit und partieller Gleichlauf in der Sprache. Eine Untersuchung zum Deutschen

2019 ◽  
pp. 227-239
Author(s):  
Mariola Wierzbicka
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Noun Phrases ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
German Language ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
Absolute Necessity ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Temporal Adverbial

The paper discusses ways of expressing the temporal relations of partial simultaneity in adverbial clauses in the German language. Although the relations can be expressed by participle phrases, noun phrases, prepositional phrases and infinitive phrases, the adverbial clause is the most frequent means of expressing the relations. The temporal adverbial clause has an almost unlimited range of applications, which stretches from vaguely hinted relation to absolute necessity, and from general statements and clarifications to definite emotionally motivated utterances. Wherever there is an obvious connection between facts, events, actions, relations as well as personal will and feeling, it can be expressed by means of a temporal structure. The subject of the paper is the influence of conjunctions während, als, wenn, seit(dem) and solange on the time arrangement of situations introduced into the time clause and the main clause with regard to morphological, syntactic and semantic elements and dependence on the relation of the correspondence between events in the time clause and events in the main clause in German.

scholarly journals Penanda Klausa Adverbial Dalam Bahasa Angkola

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Melani Rahmi Siagian ◽  
Mulyadi Mulyadi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Main Clause ◽  
Subordinate Clause ◽  
Final Position ◽  
Temporal Clauses ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Adverbial Clause ◽  
Written Sources ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

An adverbial clause is a subordinate clause that serves to provide information on the main clause. The presence of an adverbial clause is not a must, but it can help create coherence in a discourse. This study aims to describe the markers of adverbial clauses in Angkola language. The method used is descriptive qualitative markers. Data collections are conducted by speaking, listening, and taking notes. The data in this study are adverbial clauses in Angkola language obtained from native Angkola speakers and also written sources obtained from Angkola language books. Data analysis was carried out by matching the data with the theory contained in the study, namely adverbial clause markers in Angkola language sentences. The results showed that there were five types of adverbial clauses in Angkola language, namely temporal clauses marked by the word dung 'after' and dompak 'when', conditional clauses marked by the word molo 'if', causal clauses (causal clause) which is marked by the word harana 'because', the purpose clause (purposal clause) which is marked by the word anso 'so that/so', and the concession clause (consessive clause) which is marked by the words bope 'although' and aha pe 'what ever'. The use of adverbial clauses can be found at the initial or final position in a sentence.

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