scholarly journals Weaning Age of Lambs Creep-Fed While Grazing on Marandu Pasture

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Natália Da Silva Heimbach ◽  
Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira Ítavo ◽  
Luís Carlos Vinhas Ítavo ◽  
Ricardo Carneiro Brumatti ◽  
Gelson Dos Santos Difante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Total Weight Gain ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

This study aimed to examine the weaning age (60 and 90 days) of lambs supplemented while grazing on Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu pasture. Production performance, incidence of worm infections, intoxication, and production cost of lambs, beside that body condition and occurrence of single or twin births in the ewes were evaluated, by two consecutive years. There was no effect of year. Lambs weaned at 90 days consumed more supplement (281.0 g/day) than those weaned at 60 days (210.2 g/day) and showed a higher total weight gain (20.76 kg vs. 14.97 kg). Weaning age did not influence the occurrence of worm infections and intoxication by Urochloa spp. in the lambs, dam weight or body condition score (BCS). Ewes with single-born showed a better BCS (1.8 points) than those ewes had twin-born (1.4 points). The costs of supplementing the lambs and the effective operating cost were higher when the lambs were weaned at 90 days of age. There was no difference for intake, lamb performance between the weaning age groups. We recommend to wean lambs at 90 days in a creep feeding system.

scholarly journals Influence of body condition score at calving on the metabolic status and production performance of Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1756-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Carvalho Delfino ◽  
Lucas Fialho de Aragão Bulcão ◽  
Henry Daniel Ruiz Alba ◽  
Mauricio Xavier da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Filipe Pinheiro Soares de Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Murrah Buffaloes ◽  
Condition Score

scholarly journals The Effect of diet fat and feeding intensity on production performance and welfare in blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Tapio Korhonen ◽  
Juhani Sepponen
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Feeding Intensity ◽  
Feeding Level ◽  
Condition Score

The aim was to find out effects of maximum and restricted feeding intensity with high and normal diet fat content on production performance and welfare in growing-furring blue foxes. Study groups were: (1) high fat, 60% of metabolizable energy (ME), maximum feeding; (2) high fat, 60% of ME; restricted feeding 20%. (3) normal fat, 50% of ME, maximum feeding; (4) normal fat, 50% of ME, restricted feeding 20%. Maximum fed animals grew better, and their final weights were significantly higher compared to restricted ones (P<0.001). Body condition score was affected by feeding intensity (P<0.001) but not by the amount of fat in the diet. Animals fed maximum feeding level had highest body condition score. The amount of diet fat did not influence on feed consumption.  Breaking strength of ulna was not affected by the amount of diet fat or feeding intensity. Breaking strength of radius, on the other hand, was higher in animals fed restricted (P<0.001). Feeding intensity significantly affected on foot condition, i.e. foot bending was highest at maximum feeding groups (P<0.05). Ash content of bones was higher in maximum feeding groups compared to restricted ones (P<0.001). Ash content was higher in restricted than ad libitum animals (P<0.05). Liver weights were heaviest in animals of maximum feeding level (P<0.001). Condition of liver was best in restricted fed animals with lower amount of diet fat (P<0.05).  According to live animal grading, fur mass, cover, purity and overall impression were poorer in restricted fed animals. Animals fed high fat diet were found to have better fur properties than restricted ones.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding treatment on growth rate and performance of primiparous Holstein dairy heifers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Le Cozler ◽  
Julien Jurquet ◽  
Nicolas. Bedere
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Catch Up

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate effects of feeding-rearing programs that aim for first calving at 20-27 months (mo) of age on growth, reproduction and production performance of Holstein cows at nulliparous and primiparous stages. We hypothesised that, in a seasonal autumn-calving strategy, heifers born late in the season could catch up to the growth of heifers born earlier and be inseminated during the same period, at a body weight (BW) of at least 370 kg. This approach would result in first calving age at 21-22 mo of age without impairing their later performance. To test this hypothesis, we studied 217 heifers over 3 years. They were split into three treatment groups: control feeding (SD), an intensive-plane diet (ID1) from birth to 6 mo of age or an intensive-plane diet from birth to one year of age. Heifers in groups SD and ID1 were born from September until the end of November, while those in ID2 were born later. The present study showed that late-born heifers (ID2) could catch up with the growth of the others due to the feeding treatment, although they were still 42 kg lighter than the SD and ID1 heifers at first calving. No difference in reproductive performance was observed among groups. Once primiparous, the cows reared with the ID2 treatment tended to produce less milk than SD and ID1 cows (ca. 400 kg less on a 305 d basis throughout lactation), and no differences in milk composition, feed intake, body condition score or BW were observed among groups. Age at first service (AFS) was classified a posteriori into three classes: 12.5 (AFS12.5), 14.0 (AFS14.0) and 15.5 mo (AFS15.5) of age. Heifers in AFS12.5 grew faster than those in AFS14.0 and AFS15.5. Once primiparous, the AFS12.5 cows tended to produce less milk at peak than AFS14.0 and AFS15.5 cows (ca. 1.5 kg/d less) although no difference in total milk yield during lactation was observed. No differences in milk composition, feed intake, body condition score or BW were observed among groups. These results support the conclusion that the feeding treatment can enable late-born heifers to catch up to the growth of heifers born earlier in the season. This strategy results in an earlier first calving that does not impair their reproductive performance but does decrease milk yield slightly during first lactation. Future studies should investigate long-term effects of this strategy.

scholarly journals Placenta Expulsion-time on Different Age and Breed Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Erif Maha Nugraha Setyawan ◽  
Yosua Kristian Adi ◽  
Topas Wicaksono Priyo ◽  
Surya Agus Prihatno ◽  
Sri Gustari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Two Age Groups

The third stage of birth is placenta expulsion which can occur about 30 minutes after the release of the fetus but is more likely to occur between 180 to 300 minutes later. This research is expected to provide an understanding about the different time on placenta expulsion, the number of cotyledon and placenta weight that faced up by veterinarian. Cows with a body condition score between 2.5 to 3.5 and ready to give birth from various breeds were used in this study. The results showed that young cows (<5 years old; 366,50 ± 30,97 minutes) significantly had a longer placenta expulsion time than old cows (>5 years old; 251,29 ± 7,55 minutes; p<0,05). While the amount of cotyledon and placenta weight did not differ between the two age groups. Based on breeds, the young Ongole cows showed significant different on placenta expulsion time compared with old ones (397,25 ± 61,60 vs 250,80 ± 14,79 minutes; p<0,05) but had no difference with the young and old crossbreed cows. Young cows need more time for placenta expulsion than the old ones and the young Ongole cows take the longest time compared to other age and breed groups.

scholarly journals Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows in Relation to Genotype, Age, Parity, Body Weight and Body Condition Score at Rajshahi District of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-495
Author(s):  
Rashida Khaton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Heat Period

The present study was carried out from selected areas at Rajshahi district to evaluate the reproductive performance of dairy cows in relation to breed/genotype, age, parity, body weight and body condition. A total of 500 cows selected and data were collected directly from the dairy farms owner by using pre-tested questionnaires during the period from September 2013 to December 2014. The average reproductive performance (RP) were recorded as age at puberty (AP) 26.42±0.22 m, age at first calving (AFC) 35.48±0.22 m, post-partum heat period (PPHP) 121.85±3.48 days, service per conception (S/C) 1.93±0.04, days open (DO) 136.80±3.57 days and calving interval (CI) 401.04±3.94 days. Genotype had significant effect (P<0.05) on all the reproductive traits except on S/C. Local (L) × Holstein Friesian (HF) genotype showed earlier AP and AFC than L× Sahiwal (SL) and L. Age group had significant (P<0.05) effect on AP, AFC and other parameters were not significant (P>0.05). Middle age groups of cows had shown better RP than others groups. Parities of cows had significant effect (P<0.05) on PPHP, S/C, DO except on AP, AFC and CI. Third parity had better RP than others. The best RP was found in >300 kg BW groups. Body condition score had significant effect (P<0.05) on all RP. Good body condition score (BCS) had excellent RP. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.7(3): 481-495,  December 2020

scholarly journals Supplementing Dairy Ewes Grazing Low Quality Pastures with Plant-Derived Oils and Rumen-Protected EPA+DHA Pellets Improves Lactation Traits and Body Condition Score

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quang V. Nguyen ◽  
Hung V. Le ◽  
Don V. Nguyen ◽  
Peter Nish ◽  
John R. Otto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Condition Score

The Australian dairy sheep industry is small and mostly based on a natural grass grazing system which can limit productivity. The current study tested different plant oil-infused and rumen protected polyunsaturated fats and their interactions with sire breeds to improve lactation traits and body condition score (BCS) of ewes grazing low quality pastures. It was hypothesised that supplementing lactating ewe diets plant-derived polyunsaturated oils will improve milk production and composition without compromising BCS. Sixty ewes (n=10/treatment) in mid-lactation, balanced by sire breed, parity, milk yield, body condition score, and liveweight were supplemented with: 1) control: wheat-based pellets without oil inclusion; wheat-based pellets including 2) canola oil (CO); 3) rice bran oil (RBO); 4) flaxseed oil (FSO), 5); safflower oil (SFO) and 6) rumen protected fat containing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (RPO).&nbsp; Except for the control group, all supplementary diets included the same level of 50 ml/kg DM of oil and all diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Experimental animals were grazed in the same paddock with ad libitum access to pasture, hay and water during the 10-week study. RPO was the most effective diet that enhanced milk, fat and protein yields by approximately 30, 13, and 31% respectively (P&lt;0.0001). Significant increase in milk production was also observed in CO, RBO, and SFO (P&lt;0.0001). Breed significantly influenced animal performance with higher milk yield recorded for crossbred Awassi x East Friesian (AW x EF) (578 g/day) vs purebred Awassi (452 g/day) (P&lt;0.0001). This study provides empirical evidence for the use of rumen-protected and plant-derived oil-infused pellets as supplements under low quality pasture grazing conditions, to improve production performance of purebred Awassi and crossbred AW x EF ewes.

Age and body condition effects on meat quality of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in eastern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (5) ◽  
pp. 965
Author(s):  
Ali Seid ◽  
Mohammed Yusuf Kurtu ◽  
Mengistu Urge
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Good Body Condition ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Three Body

Meat quality traits of the M. longissimus thoracis of 54 male Issa-Somali dromedary camels in three age groups of 6–10 years (n = 18), 11–17 years (n = 18), and ≥18 years (n = 18), with six camels in each of three body-condition-score groups (poor, medium and good) within each age group were investigated in eastern Ethiopia. Results showed that tenderness and juiciness decreased with age, but increased with body condition (P &lt; 0.0001). Ultimate pH was higher for muscle from the 6- to 10-year-old group (5.62) (P &lt; 0.001), and for the poor body-condition group (5.63) (P &lt; 0.0001). Meat from camels aged 6–10 years old had higher expressed juice (21.21 cm2/g vs 16.67 cm2/g) and cooking loss (42.81% vs 39.86%) than camels aged ≥18 years old. Similarly, meat from camels with poor body condition had higher expressed juice (21.42 cm2/g vs 16.39 cm2/g) and cooking loss (43.99% vs 38.48%) than that from camels with good body condition. The overall L*, a* and b* instrumental colour values were 29.66, 12.17 and 9.69, respectively. It can be concluded that camels aged 11–17 years old with medium body condition can meet the required levels for many quality traits.

scholarly journals Influence of nutrition and lactation on ovulation and conception in red deer

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
G.W. Asher ◽  
J.C. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Maternal Investment ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Mating Period ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
Condition Score

Reproduction incurs a high energetic cost and failure to meet nutritional needs results in reproductive failure. In red deer hinds, the interaction between nutrition, summer lactation and subsequent ovulation/conception is of particular interest for farmed deer production in NZ due to climatic constraints to summer pasture production in many areas. However, few studies have focussed on the potential perturbing effects of poor nutrition on lactational outputs and potential flow-on effects on ovulation/conception. As lacta tion in red deer naturally persists well beyond the autumn mating period, lactational anoestrus (through hormonal feedback mechanisms) is not a normal feature of the species reproduction. However, lactation is of high nutritional cost to the hind and can potentially exert considerable influence on the incidence and timing of conception via changes in hind liveweight, lipid depots and general body condition. Supporting evidence for this hypothesis is derived from studies of wild red deer within habitats marginal to species survival (e.g. Isle of Rhum, Scotland), where climatic variables greatly influence annual reproductive success of hinds. Under such conditions, even the differences in maternal investment (via lactation) required to raise male and female calves have been demonstrated to influence the subsequent success and timing of conceptions. Studies of farmed red deer in Scotland also demonstrated that hinds on different levels of pasture nutrition during lactation exhibited significant differences in conception date, with earlier conceptions favouring hinds on higher levels of nutrition. There is a growing body of evidence from monitoring of farmed red deer in New Zealand that the interaction between lactation and hind body condition score (BCS)/ liveweight influences subsequent conception rate and date. Recent studies on pre-rut versus post-rut calf weaning practices demonstrated effects of lactation on hind BCS and liveweight, calf growth rates and hind conception dates. These studies highlight the need to better understand the "costs" of lactation on reproductive performance, particularly under conditions of nutritional constraints. Keywords: lactation, nutrition, red deer, reproduction

scholarly journals Performance and maternal-offspring behavior of ewes fed protected fat from palm oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 1027
Author(s):  
Guilherme Batista dos Santos ◽  
Renata Negri ◽  
Emilyn Midori Maeda ◽  
Valter Oshiro Vilela ◽  
João Ari Gualberto Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Condition Evaluation ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Productive Body ◽  
Lactation Phase

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and maternal-offspring behavior of ewes fed protected fat from palm oil. Forty multiparous ewes with an average age of three years were divided into two treatments, with or without protected fat supplementation (in concentrate). Every 15 days and at the time of lambing, weighing and body condition evaluation of sheep were performed, while lambs were evaluated at birth until weaning. Duration of post-weaning anestrus was obtained through the manifestation of estrus, detected by a vasectomized male. Data were submitted to analysis of variance. No difference was observed between supplementations for body weight, body condition score, and average daily gain during the gestation phase. Ewes fed protected fat had a superiority regarding the body score during the lactation phase. Lambs from ewes supplemented with protected fat were weaned faster, and ewes presented an early estrus. No difference was observed between treatments for maternal-offspring behavior. The use of fat during lactation showed improvement in productive (body condition score) and reproductive (shorter anestrus period) parameters. It also reduces the weaning age of lambs and does not alter maternal-offspring behavior.

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