scholarly journals Fungitoxicity of the Pyroligneous Extract in the Development in vitro of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Cleverson Rodrigues ◽  
João Aguilar Massaroto ◽  
Grace Queiroz David ◽  
Dilânia Lopes de Matos ◽  
Walmor Moya Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Development In Vitro

Products derived from renewable sources have been studied for their use in agriculture enabling increments in the production of agricultural culture, such as in the case of the pyroligneous extract. The research aimed at evaluating the fungitoxic potential of the pyroligneous extract of teak (Tectona grandis L.) on mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. Five doses of pyroligneous extract were tested (0, 25, 50, 100, 150 mL L-1) following the pour-plate methodology in 10 mL of potato dextrose agar media and kept in the incubating room maintained at 25 ± 2 °C in a 12 hour-photoperiod for eight days. Mycelial growth variables (cm), mycelial index growth speed, growth inhibition (%), sporulation inhibition (%) and spore germination (%) were evaluated. There was a reduction for the mycelial growth as well as for the rate of mycelial growth, sporulation inhibition and spore germination as the doses were increased. The percentage inhibition of mycelial growth was 56 % for the highest dose (150 mL L-1). Pyroligneous extract of teak has a direct fungitoxic action on growth, sporulation and germination in vitro of the fungus C. gloeosporioides.

scholarly journals Evaluation of high dilutions extract of pyroligneous on the development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Cleverson Rodrigues ◽  
João Aguilar Massaroto ◽  
Grace Queiroz David Peres ◽  
Dilânia Lopes de Matos ◽  
Walmor Moya Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Mother Tincture ◽  
Mycelial Development

The aim of this research was to evaluate the fungitoxicity of high dilutions of tectonic (Tectona grandis) extract in mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In a completely randomized design with six dynamizations of the pyroligneous extract (3, 9, 15, 21, 27 and 33 CH) and three controls (distilled water, mother tincture, 30% hydroalcoholic solution) with four replicates each. All treatments were diluted to 0.1% in BDA medium. Mycelial growth rate index, relative percentage of mycelial development (PRD%), inhibition of sporulation and spore germination (%) were evaluated. The treatments did not differ among them for mycelial growth, percentage of spore germination and IVCM. The PRD and sporulation variables varied according to the dynamization, with a maximum reduction of 7% in PRD (33 CH) and a 70% increase in sporulation (3 and 21 CH). The dynamized pirolenous extract did not present expressive fungitoxicity in the growth, sporulation and germination of C. gloeosporioides.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolates from Diseased Avocado Fruits to Selected Fungicides in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Stanley Kirugo Kimaru ◽  
E. Monda ◽  
R. C. Cheruiyot ◽  
J. Mbaka ◽  
A. Alakonya
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Growing Region

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a serious postharvest pathogen of avocado fruits worldwide. Kenya lacks any registered fungicides for the management of the disease. Nevertheless, farmers commonly use commercially available fungicides such as Bayleton 25WP (Triadimefon 250 g/Kg), Milraz 76WP (Propineb 70% and Cymoxanil 6%), and Copper oxychloride 500WP for disease management. The efficacy of these fungicides against C. gloeosporioides is not known. The purpose of this study was therefore to test the inhibitory effect of these fungicides against 46 C. gloeosporioides isolates from avocado fruits collected from varieties grown at different agroecological zones in Murang’a County, a popular avocado-growing region in Kenya. Mycelial growth rate and sporulation for each isolate were measured in vitro on PDA plates amended with different concentrations of the fungicides. Plates were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications per treatment. All fungicides were effective in vitro but there were significant differences in sensitivity among isolates. Bayleton had the highest mycelial inhibition followed by Milraz, while copper oxychloride had the lowest mycelial inhibition rates, ranging from 81% to 88%. However, copper oxychloride was more effective in inhibiting sporulation. The inhibitory effect of each fungicide was concentration-dependent, where twice the recommended concentration had the highest inhibitory effect, followed by the recommended concentration. Our results show that the fungicides used by farmers against C. gloeosporioides, the causal agent for anthracnose, are effective. We, however, recommend further field tests in different avocado-growing areas so as to validate their efficacy against various isolates and under different environments.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activity and alternative control of anthracnose in papaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héber Ferreira dos Reis ◽  
Lilian Maria Arruda Bacchi ◽  
Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon ◽  
Jasna Karoliny Pereira Flores
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: We evaluated the efficacy of natural products in the control of papaya anthracnose, in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro experiments for evaluation of mycelial growth used a completely randomized 10 × 4 factorial design (treatments × evaluation periods) with eight replicates, with sporulation evaluated at the end of the experiment. The treatments involved the use of aqueous extract at concentrations of 5 and 15% for Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry (clove), Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breym (cinnamon), and Zingiber officinalis Rox. (ginger); 1 and 3% chitosan; the fungicide Prochloraz at 100 µg.mL-1; and a control (no treatment). For evaluating conidia germination, we used six treatments with five replicates. The treatments included 7.5% of each extract (clove, cinnamon, and ginger), 1.5% chitosan, and 50 µg.mL-1 of Prochloraz. For the in vivo experiment, “Formosa” papaya “Tainung 1” was used in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replicates to evaluate the severity of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The fruits were treated by immersion for 5 min with 15% clove, cinnamon, and ginger extracts, 8% chitosan, and control with distilled water, and immersion for 2 min in Prochloraz (33.75 g a.i./100 L). The treatments with 15% clove extract and 8% chitosan were effective in all evaluations, resulting in a viable alternative to the fungicide Prochloraz. The treatments with ginger extract were less effective and those with cinnamon offered intermediate control.

scholarly journals In vitro fungitoxic potential of Lippia gracilis (Schauer) essential oil against phytopathogens

2020 ◽  
pp. 667-674
Author(s):  
Kevison Romulo da Silva França ◽  
Flavia Mota de Figueredo Alves ◽  
Tiago Silva Lima ◽  
Alda Leaby dos Santos Xavier ◽  
Plínio Tércio Medeiros de Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Randomized Design

This study evaluates the in vitro effects of Lippia gracilis essential oil on the mycelial growth of phytopathogenic fungi. Experiments were carried out using a completely randomized design to assess the effects of eight treatments. Five replicates were evaluated for each experimental group. The essential oil was incorporated into the potato dextrose culture medium and poured into Petri dishes. Treatments were comprised of different concentrations of the oil (0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2%), a negative control (0.0%), and two positive controls (commercial fungicides). The plates were inoculated with fungi including Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. musae, C. fructicola, C. asianum, Alternaria alternata, A. brassicicola, Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae and were incubated for seven days at 27 ± 2°C. The following variables were measured to verify the differences observed among treatments: percentage of mycelial growth inhibition and index of mycelial growth speed. All concentrations of L. gracilis oil inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungal species evaluated. The complete inhibition was observed between concentrations of 0.0125 and 0.1%. Treatment with oil inhibited fungal growth with similar, or even greater, efficiency than commercial fungicides.. We recommend the development of in vivo tests to verify whether L. gracilis essential oil can protect against fungal disease in live plants.

scholarly journals In vitro effect of four fungicides on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnosis on the Red Globe grape variety

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (172) ◽  
pp. 747-758
Author(s):  
Silvia Patricia López-Zapata ◽  
Jairo Castaño-Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fungus Mycelium ◽  
Vitro Effect

Anthracnose is considered one of the most important diseases of grape crops. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro effect on potato dextrose agar (PDA) of four fungicides: benomyl (Benlate® 50 WP), carbendazim (Belico ® 500 SC), chlorothalonil (Odeon® 720 SC), and dodine (Syllit ® 400 SC) using three concentrations on a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolate. This species complex causes anthracnose on the Red Globe grape variety. The concentrations of each fungicide were: benomyl at 0.5, 0.25, and 1 g.L-1; carbendazim at  0.6, 0.3, and 1.2 mL.L-1; chlorothalonil at 2.4, 1.2, and 4.8 mL.L-1, and dodine at 1.6, 0.8, and 3.2 mL.L-1. Evaluated the inhibition of mycelial growth and the sporulation of the fungus. The fungus mycelium exposed to the commercial dose of the fungicides was observed using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). We used a completely randomized design with 13 treatments and five repetitions. Our results showed a degree of differential efficacy for the four fungicides and their effects were directly proportional to the dose used, benomyl and chlorothalonil being the most efficient in controlling the mycelial growth of the fungus. At the commercial dose, sporulation was inhibited at a higher rate by benomyl showing no statistically significant differences with the other products except chlorothalonil and dodine when the recommended dose was reduced by half. The damage observed by ESEM on the fungus mycelium ratified the effect obtained in vitro, i.e., deformed hyphae and irregular growth. The results of this study, complemented by electron microscopy, are promising for the appropriate selection of the best fungicides for controlling anthracnose on grape fruits, subject to the timely and correct diagnosis of the disease.

scholarly journals Pengujian Ekstrak Sederhana Bagian Tumbuhan Cassia alata Linnaeus terhadap Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides secara Invitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Arneti Arneti ◽  
Eri Sulyanti
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Cassia Alata ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Potential Part ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Plant extracts have been known to cause inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.This study was aimed to determine the most potential part of Cassia alata crude extract to control antrachnose on chili. The study was conducted in Phytopathology Laboratory, Plant Pests and Diseases Department, Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University, from April to June 2015. The research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments and five replications. The treatments were several extracts from different parts of C. Alata: 1) control 2) flower, 3) old leaf, 4) young leaf, 5) stem, 6) root, and 7) seed with concentration of 5% respectively. Variables observed were colony growth, colony width, conidia number, colony wet and dry weight, and conidia germination. The result showed that all of C. alata extracts could inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides in vitro. The best extract was from the old leaf with the percentage of colony width, conidia number, colony wet and dry weight, and conidia germination of 64,30%, 82,41%, 37,77, 29,8%, and 79,96% respectively.

scholarly journals Silicon and agar on in vitro development of cockscomb (Amaranthaceae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franscinely Aparecida de Assis ◽  
Genaina Aparecida de Souza ◽  
Gabrielen de Maria Gomes Dias ◽  
Gleice Aparecida de Assis ◽  
Filipe Almendagna Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Palisade And Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Blade Width ◽  
Celosia Cristata ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Development In Vitro ◽  
Vitro Development ◽  
Ornamental Species

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of silicon and agar concentrations on cockscomb (Celosia cristata) (Amaranthaceae) development in vitro. Phytotechnical, anatomical, and ultrastructural analyses were carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 4x3 factorial arrangment, with four silicic acid concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g L-1) and three agar concentrations (5.5, 8.0, and 10.5 g L-1), totaling 12 treatments with seven replicates. Celosia cristata explants were inoculated in vitro in a Murashige & Skoog (MS) culture medium, with 30 g L-1 sucrose. The analyses were conducted 30 days after inoculation. Phytotechnical traits improve with agar concentration of 8.0 g L-1, and the association of this concentration with 1.0 g L-1 silicon also contributes to the improvement of anatomical attributes, especially of leaf blade width and thickness of the palisade and spongy parenchyma, which contributes to the development of C. cristata. None of the evaluated combinations of agar and silicon contributes to Si deposition on the foliar epidermis of this ornamental species.

scholarly journals In-vitro evaluation of botanicals and fungicides against Bipolaris sorokiniana, causing spot blotch of wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-305
Author(s):  
Prem Bahadur Magar ◽  
Suraj Baidya ◽  
Rabina Koju ◽  
Sagar Adhikary
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Poison Food Technique ◽  
Concentration Levels

Spot blotch disease of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana; is one of the most concerning disease in warm and humid regions of Nepal due to its widespread prevalence and increasing severity. An in-vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different botanicals and fungicides against Bipolaris sorokiniana, in National Plant Pathology Research Centre’s laboratory at Khumaltar, Lalitpur in 2019. The experiment was done in completely randomized design with three replications by poison food technique. Five botanicals viz. neem, garlic, eucalyptus, bojho and asuro at three different concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%) and eight fungicides viz. sectin, curex, bavistin, vacomil plus, saaf, sajha, criptan and tilt at three concentration levels (25 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm) except curex (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm) were used to evaluate the effect on the radial mycelial growth and mycelial growth inhibition percentage of the pathogen. The different botanical extracts and fungicides in different concentrations inhibited the mycelial growth of fungus significantly (p<0.01). The highest mycelial growth inhibition percentage was found by the application of garlic clove extract (52.85%) at 15% which was followed by bojho (52.48%) at 15% concentration. While tilt was found effective fungicide which completely inhibits the mycelial growth at all concentrations. Also, fungicides viz. sajha (79.78%), saaf (73.59%) and sectin (70%), at 100 ppm were found effective in controlling the pathogen as compare to others. Mycelial growth inhibition of the fungus was found to be increased with the increase in concentrations of botanicals and fungicides.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Alpha-Mangostin against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides In Vitro and In Vivo

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5335
Author(s):  
Huochun Ye ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Fadi Zhu ◽  
Gang Feng ◽  
Chao Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Ultrastructural Observation ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism

We investigated alpha-mangostin (α-mangostin, α-MG), a xanthone natural product extracted from the pericarp of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana), for its antifungal activities and possible mechanism against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which causes mango anthracnose. The results demonstrated that α-MG had a relatively high in vitro inhibitory activity against C. gloeosporioides among 20 plant pathogenic fungi. The median effective concentration (EC50) values of α-MG against mycelial growth were nearly 10 times higher than those of spore germination inhibition for both strains of C. gloeosporioides, the carbendazim-sensitive (CBD-s) and carbendazim-resistant (CBD-r). The results suggested that α-MG exhibited a better inhibitory effect on spore germination than on the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides. Further investigation indicated that the protective effect could be superior to the therapeutic effect for mango leaves for scab development. The morphological observations of mycelium showed that α-MG caused the accumulation of dense bodies. Ultrastructural observation further revealed that α-MG caused a decrease in the quantity and shape of the swelling of mitochondria in the mycelium cells of C. gloeosporioides. In addition, bioassays disclosed that the inhibitory activity of α-MG on spore germination was reduced by adding exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP). These results suggested that the mode of action of α-MG could be involved in the destruction of mitochondrial energy metabolism. The current study supports α-MG as a natural antifungal agent in crop protection.

scholarly journals PENGARUH EKSTRAK RIMPANG JAHE (ZINGIBER OFFICINALE ROSC.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN PYTHIUM SP. PENYEBAB PENYAKIT REBAH KECAMBAH MENTIMUN SECARA IN VITRO

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
Subli Mujim Mujim
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ginger Rhizome ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Effect of  the  ginger extract (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) on the growth of Pythium sp., the causal agent of cucumber damping off disease.  The Pythium sp. often damaged cucumber seedling in seedbed.  The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ginger extract on the growth and spore production of Pythium sp.   The study was conducted in 2005 at the laboratory of plant pathology, University of Lampung.  The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replicates.  The treatments were consisted of five level of concentrations of ginger rhizome extract i.e, 0; 2.5; 5.0; 7.5 and 10 %.    The results show that all concentrations of the rhizome ginger extract inhibited mycelial growth and spore production of Pythium sp.  There was a significant linear relationship between the rhizome  ginger extract and both of fungal growth and spore production.

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