scholarly journals Evaluation of high dilutions extract of pyroligneous on the development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-77
Author(s):  
Cleverson Rodrigues ◽  
João Aguilar Massaroto ◽  
Grace Queiroz David Peres ◽  
Dilânia Lopes de Matos ◽  
Walmor Moya Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
High Dilutions ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Mother Tincture ◽  
Mycelial Development

The aim of this research was to evaluate the fungitoxicity of high dilutions of tectonic (Tectona grandis) extract in mycelial growth, sporulation and germination of the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. In a completely randomized design with six dynamizations of the pyroligneous extract (3, 9, 15, 21, 27 and 33 CH) and three controls (distilled water, mother tincture, 30% hydroalcoholic solution) with four replicates each. All treatments were diluted to 0.1% in BDA medium. Mycelial growth rate index, relative percentage of mycelial development (PRD%), inhibition of sporulation and spore germination (%) were evaluated. The treatments did not differ among them for mycelial growth, percentage of spore germination and IVCM. The PRD and sporulation variables varied according to the dynamization, with a maximum reduction of 7% in PRD (33 CH) and a 70% increase in sporulation (3 and 21 CH). The dynamized pirolenous extract did not present expressive fungitoxicity in the growth, sporulation and germination of C. gloeosporioides.

scholarly journals Fungitoxicity of the Pyroligneous Extract in the Development in vitro of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Cleverson Rodrigues ◽  
João Aguilar Massaroto ◽  
Grace Queiroz David ◽  
Dilânia Lopes de Matos ◽  
Walmor Moya Peres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Development In Vitro

Products derived from renewable sources have been studied for their use in agriculture enabling increments in the production of agricultural culture, such as in the case of the pyroligneous extract. The research aimed at evaluating the fungitoxic potential of the pyroligneous extract of teak (Tectona grandis L.) on mycelial growth, sporulation and spore germination of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. Five doses of pyroligneous extract were tested (0, 25, 50, 100, 150 mL L-1) following the pour-plate methodology in 10 mL of potato dextrose agar media and kept in the incubating room maintained at 25 ± 2 °C in a 12 hour-photoperiod for eight days. Mycelial growth variables (cm), mycelial index growth speed, growth inhibition (%), sporulation inhibition (%) and spore germination (%) were evaluated. There was a reduction for the mycelial growth as well as for the rate of mycelial growth, sporulation inhibition and spore germination as the doses were increased. The percentage inhibition of mycelial growth was 56 % for the highest dose (150 mL L-1). Pyroligneous extract of teak has a direct fungitoxic action on growth, sporulation and germination in vitro of the fungus C. gloeosporioides.

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Isolates from Diseased Avocado Fruits to Selected Fungicides in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Stanley Kirugo Kimaru ◽  
E. Monda ◽  
R. C. Cheruiyot ◽  
J. Mbaka ◽  
A. Alakonya
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Copper Oxychloride ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Agroecological Zones ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Growing Region

Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is a serious postharvest pathogen of avocado fruits worldwide. Kenya lacks any registered fungicides for the management of the disease. Nevertheless, farmers commonly use commercially available fungicides such as Bayleton 25WP (Triadimefon 250 g/Kg), Milraz 76WP (Propineb 70% and Cymoxanil 6%), and Copper oxychloride 500WP for disease management. The efficacy of these fungicides against C. gloeosporioides is not known. The purpose of this study was therefore to test the inhibitory effect of these fungicides against 46 C. gloeosporioides isolates from avocado fruits collected from varieties grown at different agroecological zones in Murang’a County, a popular avocado-growing region in Kenya. Mycelial growth rate and sporulation for each isolate were measured in vitro on PDA plates amended with different concentrations of the fungicides. Plates were arranged in a completely randomized design with three replications per treatment. All fungicides were effective in vitro but there were significant differences in sensitivity among isolates. Bayleton had the highest mycelial inhibition followed by Milraz, while copper oxychloride had the lowest mycelial inhibition rates, ranging from 81% to 88%. However, copper oxychloride was more effective in inhibiting sporulation. The inhibitory effect of each fungicide was concentration-dependent, where twice the recommended concentration had the highest inhibitory effect, followed by the recommended concentration. Our results show that the fungicides used by farmers against C. gloeosporioides, the causal agent for anthracnose, are effective. We, however, recommend further field tests in different avocado-growing areas so as to validate their efficacy against various isolates and under different environments.

scholarly journals Growth and yield of teak stands at different spacing

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1109-1118
Author(s):  
Reginaldo Antonio Medeiros ◽  
Haroldo Nogueira de Paiva ◽  
Flávio Siqueira D’Ávila ◽  
Helio Garcia Leite
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Total Tree

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and yield of teak (Tectona grandis) stands at different spacing and in different soil classes. Twelve spacing were evaluated in an Inceptisol and Oxisol, in plots with an area of 1,505 or 1,548 m2, arranged in a completely randomized design with nine replicates. The teak trees were measured at 26, 42, 50, and 78 months of age. Total tree height was less affected by spacing. Mean square diameter was greater in wider spacing, whereas basal area and total volume with bark were greater in closer spacing. An increase in volume with bark per tree was observed with the increase of useful area per plant. For teak trees, growth stagnation happens earlier, the growth rate is higher in closer spacing, and the plants grow more in the Inceptisol than in the Oxisol.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activity and alternative control of anthracnose in papaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héber Ferreira dos Reis ◽  
Lilian Maria Arruda Bacchi ◽  
Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon ◽  
Jasna Karoliny Pereira Flores
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: We evaluated the efficacy of natural products in the control of papaya anthracnose, in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro experiments for evaluation of mycelial growth used a completely randomized 10 × 4 factorial design (treatments × evaluation periods) with eight replicates, with sporulation evaluated at the end of the experiment. The treatments involved the use of aqueous extract at concentrations of 5 and 15% for Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry (clove), Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breym (cinnamon), and Zingiber officinalis Rox. (ginger); 1 and 3% chitosan; the fungicide Prochloraz at 100 µg.mL-1; and a control (no treatment). For evaluating conidia germination, we used six treatments with five replicates. The treatments included 7.5% of each extract (clove, cinnamon, and ginger), 1.5% chitosan, and 50 µg.mL-1 of Prochloraz. For the in vivo experiment, “Formosa” papaya “Tainung 1” was used in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replicates to evaluate the severity of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The fruits were treated by immersion for 5 min with 15% clove, cinnamon, and ginger extracts, 8% chitosan, and control with distilled water, and immersion for 2 min in Prochloraz (33.75 g a.i./100 L). The treatments with 15% clove extract and 8% chitosan were effective in all evaluations, resulting in a viable alternative to the fungicide Prochloraz. The treatments with ginger extract were less effective and those with cinnamon offered intermediate control.

scholarly journals In vitro effect of four fungicides on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnosis on the Red Globe grape variety

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (172) ◽  
pp. 747-758
Author(s):  
Silvia Patricia López-Zapata ◽  
Jairo Castaño-Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fungus Mycelium ◽  
Vitro Effect

Anthracnose is considered one of the most important diseases of grape crops. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro effect on potato dextrose agar (PDA) of four fungicides: benomyl (Benlate® 50 WP), carbendazim (Belico ® 500 SC), chlorothalonil (Odeon® 720 SC), and dodine (Syllit ® 400 SC) using three concentrations on a Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolate. This species complex causes anthracnose on the Red Globe grape variety. The concentrations of each fungicide were: benomyl at 0.5, 0.25, and 1 g.L-1; carbendazim at  0.6, 0.3, and 1.2 mL.L-1; chlorothalonil at 2.4, 1.2, and 4.8 mL.L-1, and dodine at 1.6, 0.8, and 3.2 mL.L-1. Evaluated the inhibition of mycelial growth and the sporulation of the fungus. The fungus mycelium exposed to the commercial dose of the fungicides was observed using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). We used a completely randomized design with 13 treatments and five repetitions. Our results showed a degree of differential efficacy for the four fungicides and their effects were directly proportional to the dose used, benomyl and chlorothalonil being the most efficient in controlling the mycelial growth of the fungus. At the commercial dose, sporulation was inhibited at a higher rate by benomyl showing no statistically significant differences with the other products except chlorothalonil and dodine when the recommended dose was reduced by half. The damage observed by ESEM on the fungus mycelium ratified the effect obtained in vitro, i.e., deformed hyphae and irregular growth. The results of this study, complemented by electron microscopy, are promising for the appropriate selection of the best fungicides for controlling anthracnose on grape fruits, subject to the timely and correct diagnosis of the disease.

scholarly journals Pengujian Ekstrak Sederhana Bagian Tumbuhan Cassia alata Linnaeus terhadap Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides secara Invitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Arneti Arneti ◽  
Eri Sulyanti
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Cassia Alata ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Potential Part ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Plant extracts have been known to cause inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides.This study was aimed to determine the most potential part of Cassia alata crude extract to control antrachnose on chili. The study was conducted in Phytopathology Laboratory, Plant Pests and Diseases Department, Agriculture Faculty, Andalas University, from April to June 2015. The research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments and five replications. The treatments were several extracts from different parts of C. Alata: 1) control 2) flower, 3) old leaf, 4) young leaf, 5) stem, 6) root, and 7) seed with concentration of 5% respectively. Variables observed were colony growth, colony width, conidia number, colony wet and dry weight, and conidia germination. The result showed that all of C. alata extracts could inhibit the growth of C. gloeosporioides in vitro. The best extract was from the old leaf with the percentage of colony width, conidia number, colony wet and dry weight, and conidia germination of 64,30%, 82,41%, 37,77, 29,8%, and 79,96% respectively.

scholarly journals Respuesta de cultivares de mango (Magnifera indica L.) a la antracnosis en la Costa Atlántica colombiana

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Rafael Páez R.
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Good Level ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>Para contrarrestar el efecto limitante de la antracnosis (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides [Penz.] Penz. 1 Sacc.) en los huertos de mango es necesario, entre otras medidas de manejo, utilizar cultivares que presenten cierto grado de tolerancia o resistencia a esta enfermedad fungosa. Por lo tanto, es necesario ampliar la evaluación de cultivares para encontrar aquellos que puedan ofrecer mayores alternativas de control a los productores. Para el efecto se realizó un estudio en el Centro de Investigación (C.I.) Caribia de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria -Corpoica-, ubicado en el corregimiento de Sevilla, municipio de Ciénaga, departamento del Magdalena, Colombia, durante los primeros semestres de 1992, 1993y 1994 (cosecha principal en la Región Caribe). Allí se evaluaron nvarieda des en 1992, 14 en 1993 y 15 en 1994, con un diseño estadístico completamente al azar con, tres repeticiones, y tomando tres plantas como unidad experimental. Los parámetros evaluados fueron incidencia y severidad de la enfermedad, y para ello se realizaron lecturas semanales. Los análisis estadísticos mostraron diferencias altamente significativas entre los tratamientos; se destacaron los cultivares Vandyke y Kent en 1992; Tommy Atkins, Keitt y Vandyke en 1993, y Tommy Atkins, Keitt, Early Gold, James Saigon y Vandyke en 1994, por ser los menos susceptibles a la enfermedad.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Susceptibility of Mango Cultivars (Magnifera indica L.) to the Anthracnose at the Colombian Atlantic Coast</strong></p><p>The use of cultivars showing a good level of toleration or resistance, is a management practice to decrease the incidence of anthracnose in crops of mango. However, it is required to enlarge the test of cultivar s to be able to offer new and larger options to the mango producers. This study was carried out at Caribia, a Research Center (C.I.) of Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria -Corpoica-, located in Sevilla (Ciénaga), departament of Magdalena, Colombia, during the first semesters of 1992, 1993 and 1994 (main harvest time in the Caribean Region). Eleven mango varieties were tested in 1992; fourteen in 1993; and fifteen in 1994, using a completely randomized design with three replications, taking three plant s as experimental unit. The tested parameters, based on weekly lectures, were incidence and se verity of the disease. The statistical analysis showed significant differences among treatments; the results suggest the cultivars Vandyke and Kent in 1992; Tommy Atkins, Keitt and Vandyke in 1993; and Tommy Atkins, Keiit, Early Gold, James Saigon and Vandyke in 1994 as the better options due to this low susceptibility to the anthracnose.</p>

scholarly journals In-vitro evaluation of botanicals and fungicides against Bipolaris sorokiniana, causing spot blotch of wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-305
Author(s):  
Prem Bahadur Magar ◽  
Suraj Baidya ◽  
Rabina Koju ◽  
Sagar Adhikary
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Poison Food Technique ◽  
Concentration Levels

Spot blotch disease of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana; is one of the most concerning disease in warm and humid regions of Nepal due to its widespread prevalence and increasing severity. An in-vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of different botanicals and fungicides against Bipolaris sorokiniana, in National Plant Pathology Research Centre’s laboratory at Khumaltar, Lalitpur in 2019. The experiment was done in completely randomized design with three replications by poison food technique. Five botanicals viz. neem, garlic, eucalyptus, bojho and asuro at three different concentrations (5%, 10% and 15%) and eight fungicides viz. sectin, curex, bavistin, vacomil plus, saaf, sajha, criptan and tilt at three concentration levels (25 ppm, 50 ppm and 100 ppm) except curex (50 ppm, 100 ppm and 200 ppm) were used to evaluate the effect on the radial mycelial growth and mycelial growth inhibition percentage of the pathogen. The different botanical extracts and fungicides in different concentrations inhibited the mycelial growth of fungus significantly (p<0.01). The highest mycelial growth inhibition percentage was found by the application of garlic clove extract (52.85%) at 15% which was followed by bojho (52.48%) at 15% concentration. While tilt was found effective fungicide which completely inhibits the mycelial growth at all concentrations. Also, fungicides viz. sajha (79.78%), saaf (73.59%) and sectin (70%), at 100 ppm were found effective in controlling the pathogen as compare to others. Mycelial growth inhibition of the fungus was found to be increased with the increase in concentrations of botanicals and fungicides.

scholarly journals Responds of Superior Teak (Tectona grandis) on Different Sulphur Concentrations

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Puji Lestari ◽  
Ridla Arifriana ◽  
Handojo Hadi Nurjanto
Keyword(s):  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Growth Morphology ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Full Strength ◽  
Nodal Distance ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Concentration Levels

The tree improvement program has invented superior teak with an ability to improve its productivity. Yet the information about basic nutrient requirement of superior teak is less known. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of sulfur for the best growth of superior teak seedling and to identify the morphological symptoms of teak seedlings affected by several concentration levels of S. This study was conducted at a nursery on six months old teak seedlings. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four different solution treatments with three replication each. The treatments are K (control, aqua dest does not contain nutrients), S0 (solution contains nutrients except sulfur), S1 (solution contains nutrients with 0,5 full strength of S), and S2 (solution contains nutrients with full strength of S). Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Parameter observed included the height of seedling, the diameter of seedling, the nodal distance of seedling, the number of leaves, size of leaves and morphological symptoms of leaf. The results showed that at a concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphor (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) in full strength level, superior teak seedling which treated by S1 (S concentration of 421 ppm) resulted in the best growth. However, the morphology of teak leaves in all treatment showed abnormal.Keywords: growth, morphology, sulfur, superior teak

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