scholarly journals Association Between Fomesafen and Surfactants for the Pre-emergence Control of Euphorbia heterophylla L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Matheus Viecelli ◽  
Michelangelo Muzzel Trezzi ◽  
Fortunato De Bortolli Pagnoncelli Jr ◽  
Bruna Mandryk Cavalheiro ◽  
Renata Caroline Rossoni Gobetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Different Characteristics

This work was conducted with the objective to determine Euphorbia heterophylla control with fomesafen in association with surfactants applied in pre-emergence, in substrates and soils with different characteristics. Three studies were carried out in pots, conducted in greenhouse, in a completely randomized experimental design. The first two studies consisted of investigating the efficacy of pre-emergence combinations of fomesafen and surfactant in the control of E. heterophylla, applied on different substrates (Study 1) and soils (Study 2) with different textural classes. Study 3 was carried out to evaluate the effect of fomesafen, applied in pre-emergence and in combination with adjuvants with different HLB's (hydrophilic-lipophilic balances). The herbicide efficacy on E. heterophylla and plant shoot dry mass were evaluated. The association of adjuvant to fomesafen, in pre-emergence, reduced plant growth in the different substrates and soils. The fomesafen response was influenced by the addition of surfactants with different HLB's. The increase in organic matter content in substrates or soil was related to the decrease of the effect of the surfactants on the control of E. heterophylla with fomesafen, or the effect was only manifested in higher herbicide dosages. Fomesafen associated with surfactant with HLB of 8.6 provided the highest levels of weed control.

scholarly journals Effect of Clay, Soil Organic Matter, and Soil pH on Initial and Residual Weed Control with Flumioxazin

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Calvin F. Glaspie ◽  
Eric A. L. Jones ◽  
Donald Penner ◽  
John A. Pawlak ◽  
Wesley J. Everman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Field Soils

Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of soil organic matter content and soil pH on initial and residual weed control with flumioxazin by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils. Initial control was determined by planting weed seeds into various lab-made and field soils treated with flumioxazin (71 g ha−1). Seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), Setaria faberi (giant foxtail), Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), and Abutilon theophrasti (velvetleaf) were incorporated into the top 1.3 cm of each soil at a density of 100 seeds per pot, respectively. Emerged plants were counted and removed in both treated and non-treated pots two weeks after planting and each following week for six weeks. Flumioxazin control was evaluated by calculating percent emergence of weeds in treated soils compared to the emergence of weeds in non-treated soils. Clay content was not found to affect initial flumioxazin control of any tested weed species. Control of A. theophrasti, E. crus-galli, and S. faberi was reduced as soil organic matter content increased. The control of A. retroflexus was not affected by organic matter. Soil pH below 6 reduced flumioxazin control of A. theophrasti, and S. faberi but did not affect the control of A. retroflexus and E. crus-galli. Flumioxazin residual control was determined by planting selected weed species in various lab-made and field soils 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after treatment. Eight weeks after treatment, flumioxazin gave 0% control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi in all soils tested. Control of A. retroflexus and Chenopodium album (common lambsquarters) was 100% for the duration of the experiment, except when soil organic matter content was greater than 3% or the soil pH 7. Eight weeks after treatment, 0% control was only observed for common A. retroflexus and C. album in organic soil (soil organic matter > 80%) or when soil pH was above 7. Control of A. theophrasti and S. faberi decreased as soil organic matter content and soil pH increased. Similar results were observed when comparing lab-made soils to field soils; however, differences in control were observed between lab-made organic matter soils and field organic matter soils. Results indicate that flumioxazin can provide control ranging from 75–100% for two to six weeks on common weed species.

Clomazone for Weed Control in Transplanted Cole Crops (Brassica oleracea)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon E. Scott ◽  
Leslie A. Weston ◽  
R. Terry Jones
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Red Cabbage ◽  
Cole Crops ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Smooth Pigweed

Experiments were conducted at Lexington and Quicksand, KY, in 1989 and 1990 to determine the effect of preplant incorporated clomazone on weed control, crop injury, and yield of broccoli, cauliflower, green cabbage, red cabbage, and pak choi. Oxyfluorfen and trifluralin were included as standard treatments. Greater than 80% weed control was observed at both locations with 0.8 kg ai ha−1clomazone, with the exception of smooth pigweed at Lexington. All clomazone treatments caused crop injury 2 WAT. Injury was still evident 8 WAT at clomazone rates of 1.7 and 3.4 kg ha−1, but was minor with rates of 0.8 kg ha−1or less on broccoli, cauliflower, and red cabbage. Injury was less at Quicksand in both years and seasons over all clomazone rates, most likely due to higher soil organic matter content Yields of broccoli and cauliflower treated with 0.8 kg ha−1clomazone were similar to yields with oxyfluorfen on a 3% organic matter soil at Lexington in 1989. However, clomazone at 0.8 kg ha−1at Lexington reduced 1989 spring yields of green cabbage, red cabbage, and pak choi and 1990 spring yields of all cole crops as compared to oxyfluorfen. Clomazone at 0.8 kg ha−1at Quicksand reduced yield of green cabbage and pak choi in spring 1990 only on a 5.2% organic matter soil. Fall yields of broccoli and cauliflower in both years were not reduced by clomazone at 0.8 kg ha−1or less at either location. Our studies indicated potential for utilization of clomazone on cole crops in higher organic matter soils, especially if some early season crop injury and occasional yield loss can be tolerated.

Adsorption and Efficacy of Trifluralin and Butralin as Influenced by Soil Properties

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 861-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. John Peter ◽  
Jerome B. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Adsorption ◽  
Glycol Monoethyl Ether ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Growth Chamber Studies

Significantly higher rates of butralin [4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-(1-methylpropyl)-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] were required to produce the same level of weed control as trifluralin [2,6-dinitro -N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl) benzenamine] when applied to soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] on seven different soils in the field. Higher rates of butralin were also required to control barnyardgrass [Echinochloa crus-galli(L.) Beauv. ♯ ECHCG] in growth chamber studies. No differences in the extent of soil adsorption of trifluralin and butralin were apparent; therefore, differences in efficacy could not be attributed to differences in soil adsorption. Herbicide rates required for 80% weed control and Freundlich K-values (adsorption capacity indices) were mostly highly correlated with soil organic-matter content and soil surface area as measured by benzyl ethyl ether (BEE) and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) on nine soils. Analysis of the organic-matter content of the nine soils by 10 soil testing laboratories resulted in highly significant differences among laboratories.

scholarly journals Effect of Biostimulants on Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomatoes Grown in Fertile and Stressed Soils

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Metin Turan ◽  
Ertan Yildirim ◽  
Melek Ekinci ◽  
Sanem Argin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Different Characteristics

Plant biostimulants are microorganisms (PGPR) and/or products obtained from different organic substances that positively affect plant growth and efficiency and reduce the negative effects of abiotic challenges. Effects of biostimulants on the plant growth, yield, mineral content, antioxidant enzyme activity, H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), sucrose, and proline contents of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme L.) grown in soils with two different characteristics were investigated during a pot study under greenhouse conditions. Soil I was a fertile routinely vegetable-cultivated soil. Soil II had high salinity, high CaCO3 content, and low organic matter content. Commercial biostimulant products Powhumus® (PH), Huminbio Microsense Seed® (SC), Huminbio Microsense Bio® (RE), and Fulvagra® (FU) were used as seed coatings and/or drench solutions. All biostimulant treatments improved the plant growth and yield compared with the control in both soils. All biostimulant applications were more effective in soil II than in soil I. RE was the most effective application for mineral content in soil I, whereas FU was the most effective in soil II. Antioxidant activity, H2O2, MDA, and proline contents were decreased in both soils when biostimulants were used compared with the control. Peroxide (POD) activity was greater with SC1 in soil II. The RE treatment increased the sucrose content in soil II. In conclusion, single and combined use of high-purity fulvic acid and PGPR had positive effects on the growth of cherry tomato in fertile soil and under stressed conditions.

scholarly journals ESTERCO OVINO AUMENTA A CAPACIDADE DE RETENÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO DO CARIRI PARAIBANO

Irriga ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 696-703
Author(s):  
Lucyelly Dâmela Araújo Borborema ◽  
Patrícia da Silva Costa ◽  
Priscylla Marques de Oliveira Viana ◽  
Yanka Beatriz Gonçalves Batista ◽  
Matheus Cavalcante da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Probability Of Error ◽  
Sheep Manure

ESTERCO OVINO AUMENTA A CAPACIDADE DE RETENÇÃO E MANUTENÇÃO DE ÁGUA NO SOLO DO CARIRI PARAIBANO     LUCYELLY DÂMELA ARAÚJO BORBOREMA1; PATRÍCIA DA SILVA COSTA2; PRISCYLLA MARQUES DE OLIVEIRA VIANA3; YANKA BEATRIZ GONÇALVES BATISTA4; MATHEUS CAVALCANTE DA SILVA5 E RENER LUCIANO DE SOUZA FERRAZ6   1. Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Luiz Grande, S/N, Bairro Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 2 Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Aprígio Veloso, n° 882, Bairro Universitário, CEP 58428-830, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil. [email protected]. 3 Departamento de Agroecologia e Agropecuária, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Sítio Imbaúba, S/N, Zona Rural, CEP 58117-000, Lagoa Seca, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 4 Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Luiz Grande, S/N, Bairro Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 5 Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Luiz Grande, S/N, Bairro Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected]. 6 Unidade Acadêmica de Tecnologia do Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Rua Luiz Grande, S/N, Bairro Frei Damião, CEP 58540-000, Sumé, Paraíba, Brasil, [email protected].     1 RESUMO   A matéria orgânica do solo contribui para a sustentabilidade dos sistemas agrícolas, pois, influencia os atributos físicos, químicos e biológicos do solo, estabilizando a produtividade dos agroecossistemas. O teor de matéria orgânica no solo beneficia o aumento da capacidade de troca de cátions, assegurando os nutrientes no solo e reduzindo suas perdas por lixiviação. Nesse sentido, objetivou-se avaliar doses de esterco ovino para retenção e manutenção de água no solo na Microrregião do Cariri paraibano. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com seis doses de esterco ovino (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25%, m/m) e quatro repetições. Foram realizadas avaliações de pesagem durante seis dias, a cada 24 h, para a determinação da porcentagem de água disponível em relação à massa seca do solo (m/m). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância ao nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro e as médias das doses de esterco foram submetidas a regressão polinomial. O esterco ovino aumenta a capacidade de retenção e manutenção da água no solo do Cariri paraibano, sendo uma alternativa para a atenuação dos problemas ocasionados pela perda de água por lixiviação e, por conseguinte, melhorando a capacidade produtiva do solo e vida dos produtores.   Keywords: matéria orgânica, nutrientes no solo, status hídrico.     BORBOREMA, L. D. A.; COSTA, P. S.; VIANA, P. M. O.; BATISTA, Y. B. G.; SILVA, M. C.; FERRAZ, R. L. S. SHEEP MANURE INCREASES THE WATER HOLDING AND MAINTENANCE CAPACITY OF SOIL IN THE CARIRI PARAIBANO REGION     2 ABSTRACT   Soil organic matter contributes to the sustainability of agricultural systems, as it influences the physical, chemical and biological attributes of the soil, stabilizing the productivity of agroecosystems. The organic matter content in the soil benefits the increase of the cation exchange capacity, ensuring the nutrients in the soil and reducing its losses due to leaching. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate different doses of sheep manure for retention and maintenance of water in the soil in the Microregion of Cariri, in Paraíba state. The design used was completely randomized with six doses of sheep manure (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%, w/w) and four replications. Weighing evaluations were carried out for six days, every 24 h, to determine the percentage of available water in relation to the soil dry mass (w/w). Data were subjected to analysis of variance at a 5% probability of error and means of sheep manure doses were submitted to polynomial regression. Sheep manure increases the capacity of retaining and maintaining water in the soil of Cariri, in Paraíba state, being an alternative to alleviate the problems caused by the loss of water through leaching and, therefore, improving the productive capacity of the soil and the life of producers.   Keywords: organic matter, soil nutrients, water status.

scholarly journals Granulometric and oxidizable carbon fractions of soil organic matter in crop-livestock integration systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 607
Author(s):  
Wanderlei Bieluczyk ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira ◽  
Roni Fernandes Guareschi ◽  
João Andrade Bonetti ◽  
Vanessa Aparecida Freó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Particulate Carbon ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Tillage System

The identification of the labile and recalcitrant forms of soil organic matter (SOM) allows to rapidly define, or even predict if the management used favors increments or losses of carbon in the soil. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the effects of different grazing intensities and soybean crops on the oxidizable and granulometric fractions of the SOM in a crop-livestock integration combined with no-tillage system (CLI-NTS), established in 2009 in the Goiás Federal University. The treatments consisted of three different pasture heights (0.25 m P25; 0.35 m P35; 0.45 m P45), and areas without grazing (AWG), and a native vegetation area of the Cerrado biome (NCA), adjacent to the experimental area, was evaluated as references and compared with the cultivated areas. Soil samples (Oxisol - USDA; typic distroferric Red Latosol - SiBCS) were collected in the layers 0.00-0.05; 0.05-0.10 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m of each area, and arranged in a completely randomized experimental design with six replications. The soil total carbon was quantified (TC) by dry combustion. The SOM granulometry and oxidizable SOM were fractionated into particulate carbon (OCp), carbon bond with minerals (OCm) and four oxidizable fractions with increasing degrees of recalcitrance (F1 < F2 < F3 < F4). These soil attributes were evaluated at two different times, representing the post-pasture cycle (PP) and post-soybean crop (PC) periods. The lower contents of total soil carbon (TC) were found in the F1 and F3 fractions of the area without grazing, suggesting that the crop-livestock integration increases the organic matter content in the soil surface layer regardless of the pasture height. The areas without grazing and with different pasture heights in CLI had similar contents of OCp and OCm due to the experiment short time of implementation (3 years). The fractionation of the oxidizable SOM was more sensitive in differentiating the treatments, showing that the higher intensity of grazing used (P25) provided a better balance of carbon accumulation between the SOM labile and recalcitrant fractions.

scholarly journals Organic matter content of a lowland paddy soil as affected by plant growth and urea fertilization

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
T. Sellathurai ◽  
T. Sivananthawerl ◽  
L.W. Galagedara ◽  
M.I.M. Mowjood
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Urea Fertilization

HEAVY METAL SPECIATION IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE VYSHNEVOLOTSKY RESERVOIR

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
O. A. Lipatnikova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
Metal Speciation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Speciation ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Manganese Hydroxides

The study of heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments of the Vyshnevolotsky water reservoir is presented in this paper. Sequential selective procedure was used to determine the heavy metal speciation in bottom sediments and thermodynamic calculation — to determine ones in interstitial water. It has been shown that Mn are mainly presented in exchangeable and carbonate forms; for Fe, Zn, Pb и Co the forms are related to iron and manganese hydroxides is played an important role; and Cu and Ni are mainly associated with organic matter. In interstitial waters the main forms of heavy metal speciation are free ions for Zn, Ni, Co and Cd, carbonate complexes for Pb, fulvate complexes for Cu. Effects of particle size and organic matter content in sediments on distribution of mobile and potentially mobile forms of toxic elements have been revealed.

Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil Collected from Chandrabhaga River in Kalmeshwar, Nagpur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Amita M Watkar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Agricultural Land Management ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil, itself means Soul of Infinite Life. Soil is the naturally occurring unconsolidated or loose covering on the earth’s surface. Physical properties depend upon the amount, size, shape, arrangement, and mineral composition of soil particles. It also depends on the organic matter content and pore spaces. Chemical properties depend on the Inorganic and organic matter present in the soil. Soils are the essential components of the environment and foundation resources for nearly all types of land use, besides being the most important component of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, assessment of soil quality and its direction of change with time is an ideal and primary indicator of sustainable agricultural land management. Soil quality indicators refer to measurable soil attributes that influence the capacity of a soil to function, within the limits imposed by the ecosystem, to preserve biological productivity and environmental quality and promote plant, animal and human health. The present study is to assess these soil attributes such as physical and chemical properties season-wise.

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