scholarly journals A High Resolution SEM Study of the Effects Supplementation Different Ratio Of n-6:n-3 on the Endometrial Pregnant Rat

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Amira Kassem ◽  
Md Zuki Abu Bakar ◽  
Goh Yong Meng ◽  
Noordin Mohamed Mustapha
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Sem Study ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
And Control ◽  
Scanning Electron

This study, therefore, aims to investigate the effects of dietary fatty acids onendometrial pinopode expression. Twenty eight  rats were randomly divided into four groups  (seven  rat per treatment).Treatment diets were rat chow only control diet ( con ), rat chow containing  0.9 ml soybean oil (SO) + 0.9 ml cod liver oil (CLO)  the ratio 1:1, rat chow added with 1.5 ml SO  + 0 .3 ml CLO  the ratio 6:1 and rat chow added with  1.74 ml  SO + 0.06 ml CLO   the ratio 30:1 ,feeds of 15g/ day were given and water was available ad libitum .. The endometrial samples were evaluated under SEM. developing pinopodes were seen during increasing progesterone concentrations especially in Diet 1:1 group, and regressing pinopodes were found with decreasing progesterone in Diet 30:1  groups. In both Diet 1:1 treated and control animals, on days 15 of pregnancy, scanning electron micros copy revealed the microvilli of the uterine epithelial cells in the treated animals were more dense than those in the Diet 30:1 treated animals.

scholarly journals Neurobehavioral Effects of Consuming Dietary Fatty Acids

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda Lindseth ◽  
Thomas Petros
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Negative Affect ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
And Control ◽  
Neurobehavioral Effects

Background: Research results on the neurobehavioral effects of consuming dietary fatty acids are mixed. Therefore, this study examined the effects of consuming dietary fatty acids on depression, mood, and anxiety. Methods: In this randomized crossover-design study, 37 university students served as their own controls, consuming each of the following diets for a 4-day period with a 2-week washout period between diets: (1) low fatty acid, (2) high saturated fatty acid (SFA), (3) high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and (4) control. The order of sessions was counterbalanced across dietary groups. Following consumption of each diet, participants were examined for within-subject differences in depression, mood, and anxiety. Measures included weighed dietary fat intakes, Zung’s Self-Rating Anxiety and Depression Scales, and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Results: Participants had significantly higher positive affect scores ( p < .007) and were significantly less irritable ( p < .04) when they consumed diets rich in SFAs and PUFAs than when they consumed a low fatty acid or control diet. However, depression, anxiety, and negative affect scores did not differ significantly among diets. Analysis of participants’ serum lipid levels following their intake of the fatty acid and control diets indicated significantly higher levels of total cholesterol ( p = .006) and serum triglycerides ( p = .003) with the control diet. Conclusions: These results highlight the neurobehavioral benefits of consuming dietary fatty acids among healthy individuals. By concentrating on the positive effects of diet on affective processes, health professionals can also provide support for at-risk individuals.

Colonization of Cecal Mucosal Epithelium in Chicks Treated with a Continuous Flow Culture of 29 Characterized Bacteria: Confirmation by Scanning Electron Microscopy†

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 837-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. DROLESKEY ◽  
D. E. CORRIER ◽  
D. J. NISBET ◽  
J. R. DELOACH
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
And Control ◽  
Scanning Electron

Bacterial colonization of cecal mucosal epithelium in 3-day-old chicks administered a characterized continuous-flow (CF) culture of 29 microorganisms on the day of hatch was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Extensive colonization of the mucosa was noted in the ceca of CF-treated chicks, with large colonies of bacteria located predominately within and between crypts. Cecal crypts from control chicks contained only thin strands of mucus with a few bacteria. Individual cells and clumps of bacteria were observed bound to the mucosal epithelium in both CF-treated and control chicks. Colonization by CF culture bacteria was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the cecal contents and increased resistance to colonization by Salmonella typhimurium.

scholarly journals The effect of dietary lipid sources on layer fertility and hatchability

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
OS Olubowale ◽  
FH De Witt ◽  
JPC Greyling ◽  
A Hugo ◽  
AM Jooste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Lipid Source

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary fatty acids (FA) on the fertility and hatchability of laying hens at the end-of-lay period (69 - 77 weeks of age). Five isoenergetic (12.4 MJ ME/kg DM) and isonitrogenous (170 g CP/kg DM) diets were formulated using different lipid sources (30 g/kg inclusion) to manipulate the dietary FA profile. The control diet was formulated using a 50 : 50 blend of linseed and fish oil, while fish oil was used in the polyunsaturated n-3 treatment. Sunflower oil was used in the polyunsaturated n-6 treatment, while in the mono-unsaturated n-9 diet high oleic acid (HO) sunflower oil was used. Lastly, tallow was used as a lipid source in the saturated FA diet. One hundred and twenty five hens (n = 25/treatment) and 50 cockerels (n = 10/treatment) of the Hy-Line Silver-Brown genotype were randomly allocated to the five dietary treatments at 20 weeks of age. From 69 weeks of age, hens were inseminated with 0.06 mL undiluted semen from cockerels within the same dietary treatment. Between 71 and 78 weeks of age (49 days) a total of 588 eggs-per-treatment were collected, individually marked (date and hen number) and incubated in a single-stage still-air incubator. Eggs were candled on D7 and D14 to determine embryonic mortalities and a 24 h window for hatching was allowed (D21 + 24 h). Although the fish oil treatment resulted in the lowest egg weights (59.3 g) and fertility (84.6%), it recorded the highest hatchability (76%). In contrast, the sunflower oil treatment recorded the lowest hatchability (58.2%) of all treatments, despite its high egg fertility (89.6%). Results of the study suggest that the dietary fatty acid content, in particular the n-3 and n-6 levels, need critical consideration in terms of concentration and ratio in the formulation of breeder diets to limit embryonic mortalities during incubation.Keywords: Chicks, embryo, mortality, mono-, polyunsaturated fatty acids

scholarly journals The effects of a brain-friendly diet on metabolic and physiological parameters and cognitive performance (Brave study)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna-Maria Hongisto ◽  
Marika Laaksonen ◽  
Noora Kanerva ◽  
Johanna Koponen ◽  
Juuso Parkkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
And Control

AbstractCognitive performance is related to lipid and glucose metabolism and metabolic activation that are regulated by diet. Further, there is good evidence to support that change in lifestyle, for instance in diet, may promote cognitive health. However, vast majority of the existing studies have focused on children or older adults. We studied the effects of a brain-friendly diet (Brainfood) on metabolic and physiological parameters and cognitive performance in office workers at assumed metabolic risk. We conducted a diet-switch, 4-week intervention study on 84 volunteers with elevated plasma LDL levels in pre-screening. The brainfood diet was planned to be optimal for metabolism and cognitive function; special attention was paid for regular meal frequency, a well-balanced light lunch at work and optimised recipes ensuring quality of carbohydrates and fat, and sufficient protein amount. The control diet was a typical western diet. Breakfast supplies, lunch and afternoon snacks were provided to participants, and they received nutritional counselling. Participants' sociodemographic characteristics, such as age and sex, were queried in the beginning of the intervention. Plasma samples were collected at the end of the 2-week lead-in period, and control and intervention periods. The samples were analysed using high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry for quantification of lipoprotein subclasses and particle sizes, cholesterol, glycerides, phospholipids, apolipoproteins, fatty acids, amino acids, ketone bodies, fluid balance, glycolysis and inflammation markers. Participants completed a 3-day food diary at the end of the 2-week lead-in period, and control and intervention periods. Anthropometric measurements (height and weight) were measured at the same timepoints by a study nurse. Physical activity was instructed to be maintained at the pre-study level during the whole study period and it was monitored by using a 3-axial accelerometer (Active style Pro HJA, Omron, Japan). Cognition was measured with standardized neuropsychological tests (Bourdon-Wiersma, FAT, N-Back, NASA-TLX, KSS, RAVLT, Stroop, WMS-III, task-switching) under a psychologist's supervision and as tablet, PC or online tests. Brainfood reduced saturated fat and salt intakes and increased polyunsaturated fat, fibre, vitamin C and D, iron and magnesium intakes. Favourable effects were seen in the atherogenic lipid measurements, such as fatty acids, LDL, IDL and small VLDL, as well as fatty acids, phospholipids and glutamine. Intervention did not affect the physiological or cognitive parameters except for a decrease in inaccuracy of visual attention (p = 0.027). In conclusion, the Brainfood diet could be recommended for office workers as a healthy diet following Nordic nutrition recommendations.

Dietary fats and torpor patterns in hibernating ground squirrels

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1182-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Geiser ◽  
G. J. Kenagy
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Body Lipid ◽  
Physiological Variables

The effect of a sunflower oil diet (rodent chow with 10% addition by weight of sunflower seed oil, rich in linoleic acid), a sheep fat diet (rodent chow with 10% addition by weight of sheep fat, rich in saturated fatty acids and oleic acid), and a control diet (rodent chow without added fat or oil) on the pattern of torpor was investigated in the ground squirrel Spermophilus saturatus, a relatively large (250 g) hibernator. Torpid S. saturatus on the sunflower oil diet showed a lower minimum body temperature (2.1 vs. 3.5 °C), a lower metabolic rate (0.029 vs. 0.043 mL O2/g∙h)), and longer bouts of torpor (252 vs. 193 h at an air temperature of − 1.0 °C) than animals on the sheep fat diet. These physiological variables showed intermediate values in controls. It appears, therefore, that the composition of dietary fatty acids, rather than the fat content of the diet, affected torpor patterns. It is likely that the observed physiological differences may be explained by diet-induced compositional differences in body lipid composition.

scholarly journals Local (gut) and systemic metabolism of rats is altered by consumption of raw bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL. var.athropurpurea)

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Cavallé de Moya ◽  
George Grant ◽  
Gema Frühbeck ◽  
Elena Urdaneta ◽  
María García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Protein Fraction ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Ad Libitum

The composition of the raw legumePhaseolus vulgarisL. var.athropurpurea(PhVa) and its effects on the metabolism of young growing rats have been evaluated. The levels of protein, unsaturated fatty acids, carbohydrate, fibre and bioactive factors present in PhVa were comparable with those in otherPhaseolus vulgarisvarieties. However, the lectins of PhVa were predominantly of the leucoagglutinating type, and concentrated in the albumin protein fraction. Rats fed a diet (110 g total protein, 16·0 M/g) in which PhVa meal provided about half of the protein excreted high levels of N in faeces and urine, and grew more slowly, than rats fed a high-quality control diet (ad libitumor pair-fed). Small intestine, large intestine and pancreas weights were increased (by almost 100 %,P<0·05), whilst skeletal muscle, thymus and spleen weights were reduced. Blood insulin 16·20v.0·50 m/,P<0·05, thyroxine, glucose, protein (60·5v.48·3 /,P<0·05) and LDL-cholesterol were lowered, whilst glucagon (155·3v.185·4 n/,P<0·05), triiodothyronine and urea were elevated, as were urinary urea, creatinine and glucose. These changes in the local (gut) and systemic metabolism of rats were probably mediated primarily by lectins in PhVa, which were concentrated in the albumin protein fraction, whereas in many otherPhaseolus vulgarislines they are distributed across the globulin and albumin fractions.

Dietary fish oil prevents dexamethasone induced hypertension in the rat

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Codde ◽  
Lawrence J. Beilin
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Thromboxane B2 ◽  
Cod Liver Oil ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Serum Thromboxane

1. This study was designed to examine the effect of dexamethasone treatment on tissue and urinary prostanoids, and to determine whether inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis by manipulation of dietary fatty acids accelerates the development of glucocorticoid hypertension. 2. Forty-eight rats were placed on either a 2-series prostaglandin ‘inhibitory’ diet (cod liver oil/linseed oil) or a control diet of saturated fat for an initial period of 4 weeks. The groups were then divided into two so that half of each received dexamethasone in their drinking water (2.5 mg/1) for 1 week whilst continuing their respective dietary regimens. 3. Rats on the cod liver oil diet incorporated eicosapentaenoic acid into tissue stores with a corresponding decrease in arachidonic acid, and significantly impaired ability to generate serum thromboxane B2 (33%), aortic 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1α (44%), renal homogenate prostaglandin E2 (45%) and 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1α (74%) and urinary prostaglandin E2 (84%) and 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1α (79%). 4. Despite the diminished levels of vasodilator 2-series prostaglandins, the cod liver oil diet prevented the development of glucocorticoid induced hypertension. 5. Relative to their respective dietary controls, dexamethasone treatment resulted in decreased serum thromboxane B2 (20%) but increased aortic 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1α (186%), renal homogenate prostaglandins (127–230%) and urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 (640–860%) and 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1α(230–365%) in both dietary groups. 6. It therefore seems unlikely that glucocorticoid induced hypertension is a consequence of inhibition of vasodilator prostaglandin synthesis.

THE EFFECTS OF CHANGING SOW DIETARY FATTY ACIDS ON FETAL PLASMA FATTY ACID PATTERNS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. FARNWORTH ◽  
J. K. G. KRAMER
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Pattern ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Plasma Fatty Acid ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Fetal Plasma

Sows were fed a control diet or one with added tallow or soybean oil during gestation. Sow and fetal blood plasma fatty acids were determined at 57, 85 and 110 d gestation. The sow plasma fatty acid pattern, particularly 18:2n-6, was influenced by diet, but showed little change during gestation. High levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially 18:2n-6 and 20:4n-6, were found in sow plasma. Fetal blood fatty acids were not directly influenced by maternal diet, but showed changes as gestation progressed. In the fetal plasma, 20:4n-6 was the major long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid, but in addition, high levels of 22:6n-3 were also found. The percent n-6 fatty acids were in higher concentrations than the n-3 fatty acids in both maternal and fetal plasma. Key words: Fetus, blood, fatty acids, swine

A higher proportion of female lambs when ewes were fed oats and cottonseed meal prior to and following conception

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Gulliver ◽  
M. A. Friend ◽  
B. J. King ◽  
J. F. Wilkins ◽  
E. H. Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Cottonseed Meal ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Omega 6

Diets high in omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids in mice have been associated with a higher proportion of female offspring, however, the specific effects of dietary fatty acids on the sex ratio of sheep has not previously been reported. The aim of the present study was to determine whether feeding ewes a diet differing in n-6 for 6 weeks before and 3 weeks following conception would increase the proportion of female lambs born. Merino × Border Leicester ewes (n = 296) were allocated to receive either a diet high in n-6 (70% oat grain, 8% cottonseed meal, High n-6 diet) or, a control diet low in n-6 (88% legume silage, Low n-6 diet), for 42 or 53 days before and 17 days after conception, using a stratified block randomisation procedure based on body condition score and liveweight. Following synchronisation, oestrus was detected daily during natural mating with rams. After mating, all ewes grazed improved pastures as one group until lambing. Plasma n-6 concentrations were greater (P < 0.001), the time to parturition was shorter (P < 0.001) and the proportion of female offspring was higher (58.2 vs 43.5%, P = 0.010) when ewes were fed the High n-6 diet compared with the Low n-6 diet. Further research is required to determine whether the observed differences in sex ratio were due to specific alterations in n-6 fatty acids, or other differences in the diets not specifically related to n-6 such as saturated fat or energy density.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document