scholarly journals Urban Transformation and Development-induced Displacement in the Informal Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jubril Olayiwola Jawando ◽  
Oluranti Sunday Samuel
Keyword(s):  
Informal Economy ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Effective Communication ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cultural Estrangement

This study examines the disconnection between effective communication and policy implementation in the lives of development-induced displaced persons in the informal economy in metropolitan Lagos. Development induced displacement has been seen as one of the largest categories of internal displacement affecting the urban poor. It occurs where coercion is employed and choices constrained. Evidence suggests that a large number of the people in the informal economy are affected and their experience has been extremely negative in cultural, economic, and health terms. The outcomes usually included lost of properties, displacement, unemployment, debt-bondage, hunger and cultural disintegration. The study was anchored on the cultural estrangement theory. The study was based on 10 sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted with the affected people in Ijora-Badia, Mile 2 and Orile and 20 in-depth interview sessions with some of the displaced persons and officials of relevant agencies in the metropolis. The finding reveals lack of effective communication between the government officials and the displaced people, high-handedness on the part of government officials, lack of social support for the displaced people, high incidence of crime rate, high unemployment rate, dislocation of the informal economy, physical death, insecurity of life and property and psychological torture. The study therefore, recommends that the government should devise means for adequate compensation to avert a possible threat to ameliorate the suffering of informal economy operators. There is the need for government to enlighten and disseminate information about government policies to people operating in the informal sector in Lagos State.

scholarly journals The challenges of internally displaced persons and the way forward: the Nigerian experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-36
Author(s):  
Agbo Friday Ojonugwa
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Lasting Peace ◽  
History Of ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Peace And Development

Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are usually forced to flee or leave their homes, particularly in situations of armed conflict. They are displaced within their national territories and are generally subject to heightened suffering and vulnerability in many cases. It is also essential to state that the issue of internal displacement has become prominent because of the realisation that peace and reconstruction in conflict-ridden societies depend on the effective settlement and reintegration of displaced persons. Nigeria is a country that has a history of conflicts and displaced people. There has been a challenge in finding lasting peace through the employment of conflict resolution techniques and also the challenge of catering for the welfare of internally displaced persons in the country. However, peace and development without taking into account the settlement, return, and reintegration of IDPs. These desirous objectives are proving quite difficult in Nigeria as many challenges confront the government, policymakers, and humanitarian NGOs in providing the IDPs with their rights and needs. Some of the challenges can easily be overcome while some are more tasking requiring concerted efforts and massive resources to overcome. The aim of this article is to highlights the significant challenges confronting IDPs and provides some solutions to these challenges. In adopting the doctrinal method in discussions, the article finds that enormous challenges abound that confront IDPs in Nigeria, and it finds that there is the need for the government to find urgent solutions to the challenges of IDPs for the wellbeing of IDPs  

scholarly journals Spatial and qualitative criteria for government shelters and their response to displacement during emergencies in the Gaza Strip: المعايير المكانية والنوعية لمراكز الإيواء الحكومية ومدى استجابتها للنزوح خلال الطوارئ في قطاع غزة.

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etimad A. Al- Tarshawi, Mohammed M. El Mougher, Mohamed R. E
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Better Than

This study aimed at to indicate the extent to which the government shelters in the Gaza Strip responded to internal displacement according to the spatial and qualitative standards of the shelters during the Israeli military attacks on the Gaza Strip in 2014. More over to the subsequent assessment and rehabilitation of human resources and rehabilitation Public schools to be fit for shelter and protection. To achieve the goals, the study adopted the analytical descriptive approach that analyses the content of the quality and spatial standards used by the shelters, The study used various tools, including conducting Interviews with relevant persons from the Ministry of Social Development and the literature review issued by the humanitarian and shelter sectors. The study concluded a number of results, the most important of which: the readiness of the government agencies to shelter was not at the required level because of the high numbers of displaced people than expected. Also the rehabilitation processes after 2014 better than before and took into account the criteria and qualitative indicators, and recommended the study of the need to coordinate of civil and humanitarian institutions to meet human and humanitarian needs and to preserve the dignity of displaced persons.    

Sustainable development goals and reproductive healthcare rights of internally displaced persons in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhulika Sahoo ◽  
Jalandhar Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
The Government ◽  
Reproductive Healthcare

Purpose The internally displaced persons (IDPs) are often overlooked population, falling between the cracks of international and national commitments. Displaced women and children go through more hardship than the male counterpart, as they are frequently at greater risk and do not get adequate access to the reproductive healthcare rights; they suffer from poor health amid threats of eviction. The purpose of this paper is to look into the IDPs reproductive healthcare situation in India and sustainable development goal (SDG) role in addressing the reproductive healthcare rights of the IDPs in India. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the available literature on reproductive rights of IDPs in India, analysis of the SDGs 3 and other legal safeguards. Findings The newly arrived IDPs in the camps have complex needs and health problems. They are susceptible to a number of health problems due to the exposure to physical and environmental threats, violence and trauma. Many of them face a loss of social networks and assets, knowledge and information in the new environment, and lack food security. They have inadequate shelter, healthcare services, sanitation and access to safe water. Research limitations/implications This is a viewpoint paper and most of the information in this paper are taken from different sources which are cited in the reference section. There is a lack of sufficient data on IDPs in India. Most of the IDPs figures/data are quoted from Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre and other literature. Practical implications To achieve the SDGs by 2030, India needs to take account of all people’s vulnerabilities to address their humanitarian and sustainable development needs. It is important that the development, humanitarian actors, along with the local communities, work collectively to respond to the health needs of the IDPs. Moreover, the active role of the government can provide the necessary assistance to guarantee the rights of IDPs health, adequate standard of living and to social security. Originality/value This paper highlights the reproductive healthcare rights of the IDPs in India and the challenges faced by them. It has analyzed the policy gaps. The paper also suggests few measures that can be undertaken to address those challenges under the SDGs.

scholarly journals International legal framework for the protection of internally displaced persons

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
A. Sheludchenkova ◽  
O. Spector ◽  
A. Derkach
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Internally Displaced People ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Displaced People

The author defines the notion of the internally displaced people, analyses the reasons of their appearance and compares the internally displaced people and refugees’ legal status. Internally Displaced Persons were defined in 1992 by the Commission on Human rights as “Persons or groups who have been forced to flee their homes suddenly or unexpectedly in large numbers, as a result of armed conflict, internal strife, systematic violations of human rights or natural or man-made disaster, and who are within the territory of their own country”. There is no universal legally binding instrument for protecting and assisting internally displaced persons. The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement were recognized by the UN General Assembly are not of a binding character.

scholarly journals Forced Displacement and the Plight of Internally Displaced Persons in Northeast Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasa'i Muhammad Gwadabe ◽  
Mohd Afandi Salleh ◽  
Abdullahi Ayoade Ahmad ◽  
Sobia Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Involuntary Movement ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Forced Displacement ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Displaced People ◽  
Northeast Nigeria

Since the end of the Cold War, the phenomenon of forced displacement gained more global attention. Forced displacement involves the involuntary movement of people from their habitual place of residence to a location within their country of nationality; or across an internationally recognised border. This situation in most cases exposes the displaced people to some vulnerabilities. Among other classes of displaced people, the most notable groups of concern are refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs). In contemporary time, conflict is identified to be the primary cause of forced displacement. Since 2009, the Boko Haram insurgency and the counter-insurgency by the Nigerian security forces turned northeast Nigeria into a conflict zone. The crisis has forced more than 2 million people to flee for safety within Nigeria as internally displaced persons (IDPs); while many crossed the border into countries neighbouring Nigeria from the Lake Chad region as refugees. This paper explored and discussed the suffering of the people internally displaced by Boko Haram conflict from the framework of forced displacement. It is found that, the IDPs in Nigeria suffered from multifaceted problems, ranging from the issues of inadequate life-saving assistance, protection related crisis, and the unclear prospect of achieving durable solutions. Moreover, the lack of a clear national policy, institutional, and legal frameworks in addressing internal displacement in Nigeria is found to be the prime cause of the intensification of the plight of IDPs. Thus, it is recommended that, there should be a legally backed national policy on IDPs, which should include punitive measures for corrupt humanitarian officers. Also, provision should be made for effective coordination among national humanitarian agencies. Lastly, a clear rule of engagement between the Government and the international humanitarian agencies should be clearly defined. 

Erasing Las Yaguas: Shantytown Networks and Social Reform in the Cuban Revolution, 1944–1963

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-492
Author(s):  
Jesse Horst
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
Cuban Revolution ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Government ◽  
Previous Scholarship ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Shortly after the Cuban Revolution of 1959, the government eradicated Havana's most famous shantytown, Las Yaguas. This essay traces more than a decade of negotiations between shantytown networks and government officials that preceded the eradication. While previous scholarship has made virtually no mention of pre-1959 policies, many aspects of post-1959 slum clearance grew directly from earlier initiatives. These policies were shaped by two overlapping types of disputes: those about property, and those about poverty. Over time, officials sought to neutralize activism around property and local autonomy, focusing on social welfare and rehabilitation instead. Shantytown leaders used this compromise to maximize claims for social assistance after 1959. Yet the relocations also reaffirmed long-standing stigmas against the urban poor, labeling them as passive or noncompliant. In the end, Las Yaguas residents were defined as beneficiaries, not heroes, of the Cuban Revolution.

The Emancipation of Europe's Muslims

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
Muslim Immigrants ◽  
European Democracy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
Integration Problems ◽  
Muslim Minorities

This book traces how governments across Western Europe have responded to the growing presence of Muslim immigrants in their countries over the past fifty years. Drawing on hundreds of in-depth interviews with government officials and religious leaders in France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Morocco, and Turkey, the book challenges the widespread notion that Europe's Muslim minorities represent a threat to liberal democracy. The book documents how European governments in the 1970s and 1980s excluded Islam from domestic institutions, instead inviting foreign powers like Saudi Arabia, Algeria, and Turkey to oversee the practice of Islam among immigrants in European host societies. But since the 1990s, amid rising integration problems and fears about terrorism, governments have aggressively stepped up efforts to reach out to their Muslim communities and incorporate them into the institutional, political, and cultural fabrics of European democracy. The book places these efforts—particularly the government-led creation of Islamic councils—within a broader theoretical context and gleans insights from government interactions with groups such as trade unions and Jewish communities at previous critical junctures in European state-building. By examining how state–mosque relations in Europe are linked to the ongoing struggle for religious and political authority in the Muslim-majority world, the book sheds light on the geopolitical implications of a religious minority's transition from outsiders to citizens. This book offers a much-needed reassessment that foresees the continuing integration of Muslims into European civil society and politics in the coming decades.

How to Tell the Truth without Outraging the Press?

MedienJournal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Li Xiguang
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Public ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Chinese News Media

The commercialization of meclia in China has cultivated a new journalism business model characterized with scandalization, sensationalization, exaggeration, oversimplification, highly opinionated news stories, one-sidedly reporting, fabrication and hate reporting, which have clone more harm than good to the public affairs. Today the Chinese journalists are more prey to the manipu/ation of the emotions of the audiences than being a faithful messenger for the public. Une/er such a media environment, in case of news events, particularly, during crisis, it is not the media being scared by the government. but the media itself is scaring the government into silence. The Chinese news media have grown so negative and so cynica/ that it has produced growing popular clistrust of the government and the government officials. Entering a freer but fearful commercially mediated society, the Chinese government is totally tmprepared in engaging the Chinese press effectively and has lost its ability for setting public agenda and shaping public opinions. 

India as a Pioneer of Innovation

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health System ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Innovation Project ◽  
Context Specific

What does innovation mean to and in India? What are the predominant areas of innovation for India, and under what situations do they succeed or fail? This book addresses these all-important questions arising within diverse Indian contexts: informal economy, low-cost settings, large business groups, entertainment and copyright-based industries, an evolving pharma sector, a poorly organized and appallingly underfunded public health system, social enterprises for the urban poor, and innovations for the millions. It explores the issues that promote and those that hinder the country’s rise as an innovation leader. The book’s balanced perspective on India’s promises and failings makes it a valuable addition for those who believe that India’s future banks heavily on its ability to leapfrog using innovation, as well as those sceptical of the Indian state’s belief in the potential of private enterprise and innovation. It also provides critical insights on innovation in general, the most important of which being the highly context-specific, context-driven character of the innovation project.

The Arthur Crawford Scandal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Metelits
Keyword(s):  
Retirement Age ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
Government Service ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
High Court ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Government ◽  
To Receive

The Arthur Crawford Scandal explores how nineteenth century Bombay tried a British official for corruption. The presidency government persuaded Indians, government officials, to testify against the very person who controlled their career by offering immunity from legal action and career punishment. A criminal conviction of Crawford’s henchman established the modus operandi of a bribery network. Subsequent efforts to intimidate Indian witnesses led to litigation at the high court level, resulting in a political pressure campaign in London based on biased press reports from India. These reports evoked questions in the House of Commons; questions became demands that Indians witnesses against Crawford be fired from government service. The secretary of state for India and the Bombay government negotiated about the fate of the Indian witnesses. At first, the secretary of state accepted the Bombay government’s proposals. But the press campaign against the Indian witnesses eventually led him to order the Government of India, in consultation with the Government of Bombay, to pass a law ordering those officials who paid Crawford willingly, to be fired. Those whom the Bombay government determined to be extorted were not to be fired. Both groups retained immunity from further actions at law. Thus, Bombay won a victory that almost saved its original guarantee of immunity: those who were fired were to receive their salary (along with periodic step increases) until they reached retirement age, at which time they would receive a pension. However, this ‘solution’ did little to overcome the stigma and suffering of the fired officials.

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