scholarly journals Economic Crisis and Peri-Urban Agriculture: A Socio-Environmental Vision

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Luca Salvati ◽  
Silvia Pili
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Growth And Change ◽  
New Strategies

In wealthiest countries, urban sprawl and peri-urban agricultural landscapes are strictly interconnected issues, with dispersed urban expansion causing inherent land-use conflicts. Interpreting latent socioeconomic processes at the base of peri-urban agriculture in southern Europe may benefit from a thorough analysis of metropolitan dynamics of growth and change, considering together morphological and functional issues. The approach proposed in this study is intended to provide an overview of new strategies for food production in highly fragmented landscapes, investigating the point of view of local actors operating in the primary sector. A preliminary survey carried out in the Athens' metropolitan region, Greece, provides a knowledge base to identify apparent and latent trends in peri-urban farming and the mutual implications for farmers and citizens.

scholarly journals Rural in Town: Traditional Agriculture, Population Trends, and Long-Term Urban Expansion in Metropolitan Rome

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Egidi ◽  
Rares Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir ◽  
Sirio Cividino ◽  
Giovanni Quaranta ◽  
Luca Salvati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Metropolitan Regions ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Long Time

Mediterranean regions have experienced a shift from accelerated urban growth typical of a post-industrial phase to a more recent spatial delocalization of population and economic activities reflecting discontinuous settlement expansion, land take, and the abandonment of cultivated areas around central cities. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of land-use, settlement, and demographic indicators, the present study explores urban growth and population density over a sufficiently long time period in a metropolitan region of Southern Europe (Rome, Italy). Local-scale population trends were compared with the evolution of the primary sector (workers in agriculture, number of farms, cultivated land) between 1951 and 2011. Our results indicate non-linear growth waves alternating compact and discontinuous expansion shaping fringe land. The future development of metropolitan regions is increasingly dependent on the relationship between urban diffusion and economic viability of peri-urban agriculture. Crop abandonment and land take rates increase in local contexts where peri-urban agriculture rapidly declines. Policies managing ex-urban development and promoting the recovery of fringe soils are increasingly required to contain the expansion of dispersed settlements and preserve relict agricultural systems from land conversion to urban use.

INVENTÁRIO DA GEODIVERSIDADE DA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO CARIRI (RMC): UMA ESTRATÉGIA GEOCONSERVACIONISTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-80
Author(s):  
João Victor Mariano da Silva ◽  
Raquel Landim Nascimento ◽  
Marcelo Martins de Moura Fé
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Field Data ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Natural Heritage ◽  
Geoconservation Strategies ◽  
New Strategies

A geodiversidade, tratando-se dos elementos naturais abióticos do planeta possibilitaram o desenvolvimento das sociedades ao fornecer recursos naturais, garantindo ainda a sustentabilidade da biodiversidade. Dessa forma, estratégias de conservação vêm sendo desenvolvidas para conhecer, valorizar e proteger esse patrimônio natural. A Região Metropolitana do Cariri (RMC), Ceará, instituída em de 2009, é composta por 9 municípios que apresentam consideráveis índices de crescimento populacional, correlatos níveis de expansão urbana e ocupação de áreas outrora classificáveis como ambientalmente conservadas, dotadas de significativa geodiversidade. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e discutir um inventário da geodiversidade presente na RMC, etapa sine qua non para a proposição de estratégias de geoconservação específicas e exequíveis. Metodologicamente, em gabinete foram realizadas análises e levantamentos bibliográficos e cartográficos sobre as temáticas e a RMC. Em campo foram identificadas áreas significativas dentro de cada município e, por fim, em laboratório, sendo cartografados os dados de campo em consonância com as análises de gabinete. Assim, apresenta-se um inventário da geodiversidade da RMC, o qual, discutido e retrabalhado, poderá subsidiar novas estratégias para sua geoconservação.Palavras-chave: Patrimônio Natural. Geoconservação. Ceará. ABSTRACTGeodiversity, dealing with the abiotic natural elements of the planet, which enabled the development of societies by providing natural resources, guaranteeing the sustainability of biodiversity. In this way, conservation strategies have been developed to know, value and protect this natural heritage. The Metropolitan Region of Cariri (RMC), Ceará, established in 2009, is composed of 9 municipalities that present significant levels of population growth, related levels of urban expansion and occupancy of areas formerly classified as environmentally conserved, endowed with significant geodiversity. In this context, the objective of this work is to present and discuss an inventory of geodiversity present in the RMC, a sine qua non step for proposing specific and feasible geoconservation strategies. Methodologically, in the office were carried out analyzes and bibliographical and cartographic surveys on the themes and the RMC. Methodologically, in the office were carried out analyzes and bibliographical and cartographic surveys on the themes and the RMC. In the field, significant areas were identified within each municipality and, finally, in the laboratory, the field data are being mapped in line with the analysis of the cabinet. Thus, an inventory of the geodiversity of the RMC is presented, which, discussed and reworked, may support new strategies for its geoconservation.Keywords: Natural Heritage. Geoconservation. Ceará. RESUMENLa geodiversidad, al ser los elementos naturales abióticos del planeta, permitió el desarrollo de sociedades al proporcionar recursos naturales, al tiempo que garantizaba la sostenibilidad de la biodiversidad. Por lo tanto, se han desarrollado estrategias de conservación para conocer, valorar y proteger este patrimonio natural. La Región Metropolitana de Cariri (RMC), Ceará, establecida en 2009, está compuesta por 9 municipios que tienen tasas considerables de crecimiento de la población, niveles correlacionados de expansión urbana y ocupación de áreas anteriormente clasificadas como conservadas ambientalmente, con una geodiversidad significativa. En este contexto, el objetivo de este documento es presentar y discutir un inventario de la geodiversidad presente en el RMC, un paso sine qua non para proponer estrategias de geoconservación específicas y factibles. Metodológicamente, en la oficina, se realizaron análisis bibliográficos y cartográficos y encuestas sobre la temática y la RMC. En el campo, se identificaron áreas significativas dentro de cada municipio y, finalmente, en el laboratorio, y los datos de campo se mapearon de acuerdo con el análisis del gabinete. Por lo tanto, se presenta un inventario de la geodiversidad CMR, que, discutido y reelaborado, puede apoyar nuevas estrategias para su geoconservación.Palabras clave: Patrimonio natural. Geoconservacion. Ceará

Implantação do aterro sanitário no município de Marituba-PA e os efeitos sobre as comunidades do entorno

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moisés Rita Vasconcelos Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

The municipality of Marituba, Metropolitan Region of Belém - RMB, has suffered environmental impacts due to irregularities in the landfill operation implemented in 2015, which triggered social impacts perceived by all the population, including neighboring municipalities, such as Ananindeua and Belém Protests were carried out by the Movement Outside the Garbage that is constituted by the dwellings of the surrounding neighborhoods to the place where the embankment is located, of owners of commercial activities linked to the tourism and Non Governmental Organizations that interrupted several times the transit of the main route that interconnects the seven municipalities of the RMB and the entrance of the embankment, in order to draw the attention of the municipal public power to the problems that the population would have been facing ever since. From this, the following questions arose: What social impacts would people be making in these protests? Would such problems be directly related to the activities carried out in the landfill? And finally, what are the actions of the public authority and the company that manages the enterprise in the management of these social impacts? The relevance of this study concerns not only the identification of social impacts considering the fragility of this approach in the Environmental Impact Studies and concomitantly in the Reports of Environmental Impacts, but also, from the point of view of the debate about the licensing process of enterprises of this nature and employment and the need for the joint use of environmental and urban policy instruments, considering that RMB municipalities have not yet used sustainable alternatives for the reduction of solid waste produced in their territories, as well as the reduction of environmental impacts caused by dumps , and in the case of Marituba, of the landfill that operates outside the standards established by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards - ABNT, which is responsible for the management and treatment of solid waste and the National Policy on Solid Waste - PNRSN.

scholarly journals Toward a Dualistic Growth? Population Increase and Land-Use Change in Rome, Italy

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 749
Author(s):  
Leonardo Bianchini ◽  
Gianluca Egidi ◽  
Ahmed Alhuseen ◽  
Adele Sateriano ◽  
Sirio Cividino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Per Capita

The spatial mismatch between population growth and settlement expansion is at the base of current models of urban growth. Empirical evidence is increasingly required to inform planning measures promoting urban containment in the context of a stable (or declining) population. In these regards, per-capita indicators of land-use change can be adopted with the aim at evaluating long-term sustainability of urbanization processes. The present study assesses spatial variations in per-capita indicators of land-use change in Rome, Central Italy, at five years (1949, 1974, 1999, 2008, and 2016) with the final objective of quantifying the mismatch between urban expansion and population growth. Originally specialized in agricultural productions, Rome’s metropolitan area is a paradigmatic example of dispersed urban expansion in the Mediterranean basin. By considering multiple land-use dynamics, per-capita indicators of landscape change delineated three distinctive waves of growth corresponding with urbanization, suburbanization, and a more mixed stage with counter-urbanization and re-urbanization impulses. By reflecting different socioeconomic contexts on a local scale, urban fabric and forests were identified as the ‘winner’ classes, expanding homogeneously over time at the expense of cropland. Agricultural landscapes experienced a more heterogeneous trend with arable land and pastures declining systematically and more fragmented land classes (e.g., vineyards and olive groves) displaying stable (or slightly increasing) trends. The continuous reduction of per-capita surface area of cropland that’s supports a reduced production base, which is now insufficient to satisfy the rising demand for fresh food at the metropolitan scale, indicates the unsustainability of the current development in Rome and more generally in the whole Mediterranean basin, a region specialized traditionally in (proximity) agricultural productions.

scholarly journals Assessment of Urban Agriculture for Evidence-Based Food Planning: A Case Study in Chengdu, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3234
Author(s):  
Nan Wang ◽  
Li Zhu ◽  
Yuanhao Bing ◽  
Liwei Chen ◽  
Shulang Fei
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Food System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Local Food System ◽  
Food Planning ◽  
Indicator Framework

Along the rapid pace of urbanization, urban agriculture is increasingly recognized as an important tool of sustainable food and nutrition supply, while contributing to the resilience and sustainability of cities from various dimensions. From a governance point of view, it is fundamental to systemically assess the urban agriculture based on local context for evidence-based food planning. In China, values of urban agriculture are being noticed in recent years, with attempts emerging to involve urban agriculture in urban planning and agriculture strategies. However, clear definition to identify the scope and holistic approaches to assess and monitor local urban agriculture are still lacking. The paper took Chengdu as the study area, to conduct a thorough assessment of the foundation, capacity, practices, functions, opportunities, and challenges of the urban agriculture locally. Building on these results, the study further developed an indicator framework tailored to Chengdu’s conditions and city objectives, for in-depth evaluation and monitoring of local urban agriculture by themes, following which a pilot in-depth assessment was conducted in Chengdu using the indicator framework. The outcome of this research for the first time provided an overall characterization of the urban agriculture in Chengdu and assessment tools tailored to urban agriculture in Chinese cities, establishing a good basis for strategic local food system planning and contributing to the formation of the Chinese paradigm in urban agriculture research.

scholarly journals Diversification in peri-urban agriculture: a case study in the Ruhr metropolitan region

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Meraner ◽  
Bernd Pölling ◽  
Robert Finger
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Metropolitan Region

scholarly journals The price of development: The importance of preserving local agricultural lands

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rachelle Foss
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current System ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Crop Farming ◽  
Industrial Food Production ◽  
Small Producers ◽  
Production Industry

Regardless of the fact that we have long been warned of the negative impact of industrial farming, rural communities are being wiped out as local producers, like Riverbend Gardens, are put at risk in favour of urban expansion. The industrial food production industry is unsustainable, leading to increased energy consumption and food costs because of the gross use of energy to transport food hundreds kilometres from where it is produced. Toxic chemicals used to combat swarms of pests that are nurtured by acres of single crop farming have lead to the increase of these substances in our environment. The growing disconnection between ourselves and how our food is produced, fostered by diminishing farm communities, allows us to continue as we always have, until our current system collapses. This will have a deleterious effect on our health and our environment. Many of the answers to the problems we face in our food production industry lies in support for our small, local food producers. Located within Edmonton city limits, sustainable, family run, Riverbend Gardens, is at risk of being wiped out if government and consumers do not recognize the importance of small producers and their part in solving the food industry’s failures.

scholarly journals Upward Transition of Indian Entrepreneurs: from Simple Working to Ethnic Entrepreneurship. A Case Study in an Italian Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-549
Author(s):  
Rahmat Alì Mohammed ◽  
Marcello De Rosa ◽  
Maria Angela Perito
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Cultural Mediators ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Professional Transition

Abstract This paper explores the role of entrepreneurial orientation in addressing upward mechanisms of Indian immigrant workers in rural areas. To achieve this purpose, an empirical analysis was carried out to investigate how entrepreneurial orientation may affect mechanisms of professional transition. Precisely, we managed direct interviews among Indian workers (through the support of cultural mediators), local actors (like public and private advisors) and Italian entrepreneurs. Our funding suggests the presence of three Indian workers in Italy (simple workers, intrapreneurs, entrepreneurs), characterised by different entrepreneurial profile acting as engine or barrier to what we have labelled as “upward transition”. Immigrant entrepreneurs play a relevant role in Italy and in our point of view, it is of paramount importance to allow them to access to rural development policies, knowledge, training and education upgrading.

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