scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance of E. coli isolated from whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) collected from wet markets and supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh city and their transferability

2019 ◽  
Vol 02 ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Kha H. N. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Risk Sources ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
Resistance Markers ◽  
Successful Transfer

In this study, a collection of 130 E. coli isolated from white-leg shrimp collected from three wet markets and two supermarkets in Ho Chi Minh City was analysed to examine their antibiotic resistance characteristics and the transferability of resistance markers. High levels of resistance to ampicillin, tetracyclines, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid and chloramphenicol were observed. The percentage of multiple drug resistance (4 to 10 tested antibiotics) was 73.8%. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values of 0.4 to 0.73 (of each sample collection site) indicated that these isolates were exposed to high risk sources of contamination where antibiotics were commonly used. Conjugation experiments demonstrated the successful transfer of all or part of the resistance phenotypes of shrimp isolates to the human recipient strains

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia Coli Isolated from Lake Nainital, Uttarakhand State, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Giri ◽  
Anchal Lodhi ◽  
Devendra Singh Bisht ◽  
Suvarna Bhoj ◽  
Deepak Kumar Arya
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
Collection Sites

Researchers have encountered new challenges with the discovery of multiple drug resistance in microbes. Currently, multidrug resistant bacteria are considered a major public health concern and an emerging global epidemic. Presence of Escherichia coli in water is used as a faecal pollution measure. In this study E. coli isolates were collected from 20 sample collection sites at Lake Nainital. 20 E. coli isolates, 1 from each sample collection sites, were examined for their antibiotic response patterns against a panel of widely used 15 antibiotics. The result of this study showed 100% resistance to Penicillin G followed by Erythromycin (80%). All isolates (100%) were found susceptible for Gentamycin. The susceptibilities for Chloramphenicol and Co-trimoxazaole were found next to Gentamycin as 90 and 85% respectively. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was also determined. 0.73 MAR index was observed as highest in 1 isolate. 13 out of 20 isolates had more than 0.2 MAR indices. The result reveals the origin of E. coli isolates from an area of high antibiotics use.

scholarly journals Advanced molecular characterization of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic camel neonates in Egypt

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Momtaz A. Shahein ◽  
Amany N. Dapgh ◽  
Essam Kamel ◽  
Samah F. Ali ◽  
Eman A. Khairy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli

Background and Aim: Camels are important livestock in Egypt on cultural and economic bases, but studies of etiological agents of camelid diseases are limited. The enteropathogen Escherichia coli is a cause of broad spectrum gastrointestinal infections among humans and animals, especially in developing countries. Severe infections can lead to death. The current study aimed to identify pathogenic E. coli strains that cause diarrhea in camel calves and characterize their virulence and drug resistance at a molecular level. Materials and Methods: Seventy fecal samples were collected from diarrheic neonatal camel calves in Giza Governorate during 2018-2019. Samples were cultured on a selective medium for E. coli, and positive colonies were confirmed biochemically, serotyped, and tested for antibiotic susceptibility. E. coli isolates were further confirmed through detection of the housekeeping gene, yaiO, and examined for the presence of virulence genes; traT and fimH and for genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, ampC, aadB, and mphA. The isolates in the important isolated serotype, E. coli O26, were examined for toxigenic genes and sequenced. Results: The bacteriological and biochemical examination identified 12 E. coli isolates from 70 fecal samples (17.1%). Serotyping of these isolates showed four types: O26, four isolates, 33.3%; O103, O111, three isolates each, 25%; and O45, two isolates, 16.7%. The isolates showed resistance to vancomycin (75%) and ampicillin (66.6%), but were highly susceptible to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline (100%). The structural gene, yaiO (115 bp), was amplified from all 12 E. coli isolates and traT and fimH genes were amplified from 10 and 8 isolates, respectively. Antibiotic resistance genes, ampC, mphA, and aadB, were harbored in 9 (75%), 8 (66.6%), and 5 (41.7%), respectively. Seven isolates (58.3%) were MDR. Real-time-polymerase chain reaction of the O26 isolates identified one isolate harboring vt1, two with vt2, and one isolate with neither gene. Sequencing of the isolates revealed similarities to E. coli O157 strains. Conclusion: Camels and other livestock suffer various diseases, including diarrhea often caused by microbial pathogens. Enteropathogenic E. coli serotypes were isolated from diarrheic neonatal camel calves. These isolates exhibited virulence and multiple drug resistance genes.

​Multidrug-resistance Pattern of Antibiogram of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Mastitis Affected Buffaloes in Eastern Uttar Pradesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Singh ◽  
J.P. Singh ◽  
Vibha Yadav ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Yadav ◽  
Ramakant . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern

Background: Mastitis is a problem of dairy animals including buffaloes. Treatment failure has become a common problem and the most cited reason is antibiotic resistance. The paper presents the scenario of antibiotic resistance with special reference to multi drug resistance pattern. Methods: Microbiological assay of mastitis affected 48 milk samples was carried out using standard protocols to establish the prevalence of mastitis caused by E. coli and S. aureus. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out against these organisms and the whole milk culture for commonly used antibiotics. The drug resistance pattern was established. Result: The overall prevalence of mastitis was 20%. The prevalence of E. coli and S. aureus was 29.17% and 54.17% respectively. The antibiotic sensitivity revealed that E.coli isolates were 100% susceptible to tetracycline, gentamicin, enrofloxacin and streptopenicillin followed by Ceftriaxone and sulbactum combination and streptomycin (92.86%) and ceftriaxone and methicillin (85.71%). The isolates of S. aureus were 100% sensitive to only two antibiotics gentamicin and streptopenicillin. The antibiogram of whole milk culture revealed maximum susceptibility to enrofloxacin, gentamicin and streptopeniciliin (95.83% each). Multiple drug resistance has been observed in this study.

Characterization of novel ybjG and dacC variants in Escherichia coli

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 1728-1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongguo Wang ◽  
Enping Hu ◽  
Jiayu Chen ◽  
Xiulin Tao ◽  
Katelyn Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Restriction Sites ◽  
Genetic Structures

A total of 69 strains of Escherichia coli from patients in the Taizhou Municipal Hospital, China, were isolated, and 11 strains were identified that were resistant to bacitracin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and erythromycin. These strains were PCR positive for at least two out of three genes, ybjG, dacC and mdfA, by gene mapping with conventional PCR detection. Conjugation experiments demonstrated that these genes existed in plasmids that conferred resistance. Novel ybjG and dacC variants were isolated from E. coli strains EC2163 and EC2347, which were obtained from the sputum of intensive care unit patients. Genetic mapping showed that the genes were located on 8200 kb plasmid regions flanked by EcoRI restriction sites. Three distinct genetic structures were identified among the 11 PCR-positive strains of E. coli, and two contained the novel ybjG and dacC variants. The putative amino acid differences in the ybjG and dacC gene variants were characterized. These results provide evidence for novel variants of ybjG and dacC, and suggest that multiple drug resistance in hospital strains of E. coli depends on the synergistic function of ybjG, dacC and mdfA within three distinct genetic structures in conjugative plasmids.

scholarly journals Incidence and Characterization of Integrons, Genetic Elements Mediating Multiple-Drug Resistance, in AvianEscherichia coli

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 2925-2929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Bass ◽  
Cynthia A. Liebert ◽  
Margie D. Lee ◽  
Anne O. Summers ◽  
David G. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Class 1 Integron ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT Antibiotic resistance among avian bacterial isolates is common and is of great concern to the poultry industry. Approximately 36% (n = 100) of avian, pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates obtained from diseased poultry exhibited multiple-antibiotic resistance to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and gentamicin. Clinical avian E. coli isolates were further screened for the presence of markers for class 1 integrons, the integron recombinase intI1 and the quaternary ammonium resistance gene qacEΔ1, in order to determine the contribution of integrons to the observed multiple-antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Sixty-three percent of the clinical isolates were positive for the class 1 integron markersintI1 and qacEΔ1. PCR analysis with the conserved class 1 integron primers yielded amplicons of approximately 1 kb from E. coli isolates positive for intI1 andqacEΔ1. These PCR amplicons contained the spectinomycin-streptomycin resistance gene aadA1. Further characterization of the identified integrons revealed that many were part of the transposon Tn21, a genetic element that encodes both antibiotic resistance and heavy-metal resistance to mercuric compounds. Fifty percent of the clinical isolates positive for the integron marker gene intI1 as well as for theqacEΔ1 and aadA1 cassettes also contained the mercury reductase gene merA. The correlation between the presence of the merA gene with that of the integrase and antibiotic resistance genes suggests that these integrons are located in Tn21. The presence of these elements among avianE. coli isolates of diverse genetic makeup as well as inSalmonella suggests the mobility of Tn21 among pathogens in humans as well as poultry.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF PLASMID CURING ON ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE ON SOME CLINICAL ISOLATES OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
Mamunu Abdulkadir SULAIMAN ◽  
H.S Muhammad ◽  
Aliyu Muhammad Sani ◽  
Aminu Ibrahim ◽  
Ibrahim Muhammad Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Plasmid Curing ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
The Impact

Multidrug resistance (MDR) exhibited by some strains of Escherichia coli may be due to acquiring mobile genetic element (R-plasmid) by the bacteria, or intrinsically induced by inappropriate use of antibiotics by the hosts.  Infection by such strains may result to prolonged illness and greater risk of death. The study evaluated the impact of curing on antibiotic resistance on selected clinical isolates of E. coli. Twenty clinical isolates of E. coli from our previous studies were re-characterized using conventional microbiological techniques. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was determined by disk diffusion method, MDR selected based on resistance to ≥ 2 classes of antibiotics. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was determined as ratio of the number of antibiotic resisted to the total number of antibiotics tested and considered significant if ≥. 0.2. The isolates that showed significant MAR index were subjected to plasmid curing using acridine orange, thereafter, profiled for plasmid and the cured ones were re-tested against the antibiotics they initially resisted. Out of the 20 isolates, 19 (95%) were confirmed as E. coli, all (100%) of which were MDRs, which was highest against augmentin (78.9%) followed by amoxacillin (52.6%). However, after the plasmid curing only 6 (31.6%) out of the 19 isolates cured retained significant MAR index and the level of the significance had reduced drastically in 16 (84.2%) isolates. Conclusively, curing assay can completely eliminate R-plasmid acquired resistance. More studied on plasmid curing agents for possible augmentation of the agents into antibiotics may see the rise of successful antibiotic era again.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Chemical Quality Assessment of Groundwater Sources from Periurban Area of Bucharest, Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3549-3554
Author(s):  
Florica Marinescu ◽  
Mihaela Ilie ◽  
Gina Ghita ◽  
Ioana Savin ◽  
Carmen Tociu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Maximum Admissible Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Resistance Rates

Twenty-two groundwater sources mainly used for drinking purpose in Bucharest peri-urban area were investigated for assessment of physico-chemical and microbiological quality with a view to determining its potential risk to public health. Results of chemical analysis revealed that nitrites, sulphates and chlorides were below the permissible levels, while 63.64% of the analysed groundwater sources exceeded the maximum admissible concentration for nitrates, with concentration variations ranging from 67.27 to 523.19 mg/L. The bacteriological analysis showed that in about 63% of groundwater sources total coliform, faecal coliform and enterococci have exceeded the threshold limits recommended by the Drinking Water Directive 98/83/EC and the Romanian Law. Another aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative strains isolated from groundwater sources. There observed the resistance to many antibiotics, particularly: ticarcillin (80%), aztreonam (29%), gentamicin (11%), imipenem (9%), ceftriaxone (9%), ceftazidime (3%) and ciprofloxacin (3%). Significant higher resistance rates were observed in strains isolated from shallow groundwater sources as compared with strains isolated from deep groundwater sources. Pseudomonas sp. (26%) isolates with multiple-drug resistance (MDR) were encountered. The results of the study revealed a bacteriological contamination and high levels of nitrate concentrations in most of the groundwater samples, which could pose an important risk to human health.

scholarly journals Isolation, Molecular Identification and Multidrug Resistance Profiling of Bacteria Causing Clinical Mastitis in Cows

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Vatalia ◽  
B.B. Bhanderi ◽  
V.R. Nimavat ◽  
M.K. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern

Background: Mastitis, the inflammation of parenchyma of mammary gland is frequently considered to be costliest and complex disease prevalent in India. Mastitis is caused by pathogens like Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Mycoplasma bovis, E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter spp. and Entercoccus. The treatment of mastitis in animals is carried out using antibiotics. Treatment failure in mastitis is due to increased antibiotic resistance of mastitis pathogens and also due to indiscriminate use of antibiotics without testing in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test against causal organisms. In comparison to cultural method, PCR assays takes less time for detection of bacteria from the mastitis milk samples. Present research work was carried out regarding isolation, identification and multiple drug resistance profile of clinical bovine mastitis associated pathogens using conventional as well as molecular approach. Methods: In the present study, 73 mastitis milk samples were collected from Anand and Panchmahal district of Gujarat. The milk samples were subjected for cultural isolation and DNA extraction for identification of bacteria by cultural and PCR method. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of the isolates were carried by disc diffusion method and isolates were categorized in multiple drug resistant. Result: In the present study, Out of 73 mastitis milk samples collected from cows 48 (65.75%) cows were positive for bacterial isolation and S. aureus was the most predominant bacterial species. PCR from the mastitis milk additionally detected bacteria in culturally negative milk samples. Most sensitive drug was gentamicin and most of the isolates (90.19%) showed the multiple drug resistance for the two to nine drugs with 0.1 to 0.6 multiple antibiotic resistance index.

scholarly journals Multiple drug resistance patterns and plasmid profiles of non-typhi salmonellae in Turkey

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. YILDIRMAK ◽  
A. YAZGAN ◽  
G. OZCENGIZ
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Frequent Patterns ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Plasmid Profiles ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

A total of 259 clinical isolates of nonrepetitive non-typhi salmonellae (NTS) were examined for antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid content. The antibiotics used were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC), ampicillin (AM), aztreonam (ATM), carbenicillin (CB), cefixime (CFM), cefotaxime (CTX), cefoxitin (FOX), ceftazidime (CAZ), ceftriaxone (CRO), chloramphenicol (C), ciprofloxacin (CIP), gentamicin (GM), imipenem (IPM), ofloxacin (OFX), tetracycline (TE), trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazole (SXT). Multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains comprised 19·3% of the total isolates (50/259) and almost all were S. typhimurium (49/50). Fifteen different patterns of resistance was observed, AM/CB/C/AMC/TE and AM/CB/C/AMC/SXT/GM/CTX/CRO/CAZ/CFM/ATM being the most frequent patterns. Twenty-eight out of 50 multiresistant isolates were found to contain at least one plasmid (mean five) and the size of the plasmids ranged between 1·7 and 158 kb. Plasmid profiles of multi-resistant NTS strains were heterogenous as 21 different profiles were detected in a total of 28 plasmid-bearing isolates. No direct correlation was established between antibiotic resistance patterns and plasmid profiles.

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